日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第3課
(84)
大
/大/大/큰[대];크다;최상위
※ More readings and meanings → Lesson 6
音読み
ⓕ highest seat
大学
だいがく university; college
28
学
◎ study
; ○<school; learning>
/学/學/배울[학];배우다;<학교;학문>
訓読み
◎ study
学ぶ
まなぶ 《formal》to learn [study] independently; to receive instruction of knowledge; to acquire knowledge or skill by studying or learning
音読み
◎ study
学問 がくもん 《formal》learning; academics (問 ➦320)
学校 がっこう school (including university and college)
* 独学 どくがく self-education(独= alone)
大学院
だいがくいん graduate school (院 ➦200)
○<abbreviation of "学校" or "学問">
大学
だいがく university [college]
‖ 北海道大学 ほっかいどうだいがく Hokkaidō University (北 ➦132; 海 ➦217; 道 ➦216)
1 工学 こうがく 《academic》engineering (工 ➦481)
学部
がくぶ faculty [school] (of a university) (部 ➦201)
~学部 ~がくぶ faculty [school] of ~
‖ 工学部 こうがくぶ faculty [school] of engineering (工 ➦481)
29
校
ⓐ school
; ⓑ check up; ⓒ commander of an army
/校/校/학교[교];학교;대조하다;군의 지휘관
音読み
ⓐ school
学校
がっこう school (including university and college)
ⓑ check up
* 校正 こうせい proofreading (正 ➦312)
ⓒ commander of an army (← In ancient China, the residence of a commander was set up in a palisade made with crossed wood.)
* 将校 しょうこう commissioned officer (将 ➦586)
○<abbreviation of "校正">
‡ 初校 しょこう 《printing》the first proof (初 ➦395)
‡ 再校 さいこう 《printing》the second proof (再 ➦598)
‡ 三校 さんこう 《printing》the third proof
(261)
生
ⓐ be born
; ⓕ life; ⓜ studying person
/生;活;-生(学习的人)/生;活;-生(學習的人)/날[생];태어나다;살다;공부하는 사람
※ More readings and meanings → Lesson 15
音読み
ⓐ be born
先生 せんせい teacher; sensei (an honorific title or a term of address for a person who is in a leading position such as a teacher, a doctor, and a lawyer)
誕生日
たんじょうび birthday (誕= be born)
ⓕ life
生活 せいかつ life (one's daily existence); living (in society); livelihood (活 ➦400)
一生懸命
いっしょうけんめい (to do) as well as one can; with all one's might; (to work) hard (originally, " 一所懸命"(いっしょけんめい); 所 ➦195))(懸= join together; to stake; 命= life)
ⓜ studying person (←"immature")
大学生
だいがくせい university [college] student
大学院生
だいがくいんせい graduate student (院 ➦200)
留学生
りゅうがくせい international student (留 ➦398)
30
先
ⓐ forefront; ⓑ ahead; ⓒ preceding
; ⓓ tip; ⓔ destination; ⓕ counterpart
/最前部;前方;前途;先;上(周、月);尖;去处;对方/最前部;前方;前途;先;上(週、月);尖;去處;對方
/먼저[선];맨 앞쪽;앞;먼저;지난-;끝;목적지;-처;상대편
訓読み
ⓐ forefront; ⓑ ahead; ⓒ preceding; ⓓ tip
↓先 さき〈flat accent〉 ahead; tip
‖ ペンの先 ぺんのさき tip of a pen
‖ この先 このさき ahead; in the future
‖ トイレはこの先です。 といれはこのさきです。 The toilet is up ahead.
↑先に
(+V) さきに〈flat accent〉 (to do) first
‖ 先に帰ります。 さきにかえります。 I'll go home first. (帰 ➦63)
‖ お先に失礼します。 おさきにしつれいします。 ⦅formal greeting in an office⦆ I'm leaving for today. See you (tomorrow). (←"Excuse me for leaving before you.")(失 ➦570; 礼 ➦571)
‖ お先に。 おさきに。 《informal》(informal expression of "お先に失礼します。")
ⓒ preceding (↔ "following")
‡↑先の(+event or title of post) さきの〈head-high accent〉(no modifier) 《formal》former
ⓔ destination
行き先 いきさき destination (行 ➦61)
* 旅先 さびさき the place where one is traveling (旅 ➦168)
1 勤め先 つとめさき one's workplace; one's office (勤 ➦402)
‡ 宛先 あてさき destination (of a letter, package or email); address; 'To:' (in an email software) (宛= address to)
ⓕ counterpart
‡ 連絡先 れんらくさき place to contact; contact address; contact information (連 ➦378; 絡 ➦397)
音読み
ⓒ preceding (↔ "following")
先生
せんせい teacher; sensei (an honorific title or a term of address for a person who is in a leading position such as a teacher, a doctor, and a lawyer)
先輩 せんぱい those who entered the school [company, university] earlier than one (輩= fellow)
1 優先 ゆうせん priority; precedence (優 ➦526)
先月 せんげつ last month
先週 せんしゅう last week (週 ➦47)
先々週 せんせんしゅう week before last
先日 せんじつ 《slightly formal》the other day
31
私
ⓐ private; ⓑ egoistic; ⓒ I
/私;我/私;我/사사로울[사];사사롭다;남모르다;자기 본위의;나;저
訓読み
ⓒ I
↓私
わたし 《formal in the case of the use by a male》I
私達(私たち) わたしたち «"達", officially written in hiragana» 《formal in the case of the use by a male》we (達 ➦146)
音読み
ⓐ private
私立大学
しりつだいがく private university [college] (立 ➦253)
* 私語 しご 《slightly formal》selfish talk (in class or in conference, etc.); talk in a whisper (語 ➦34)
32
国
ⓐ country
; ⓑ province (of ancient Japan); ⓒ hometown; ⓓ native Japanese (culture); ○<international>
/国;国家;令制国;乡;固有日本的(文化)/國;國家;令制國;故鄉;固有日本的(文化)
/나라[국];나라;율령국;시골;일본 고유의 (문화);<국제>
訓読み
ⓐ country; ⓑ province (of ancient Japan); ⓒ hometown
↓国
くに country; one's own country; government
↑お国
おくに 《colloquial and polite》your country;《exaggeratedly》one's own country
(お~ (prefix attached to some nouns, adding the sense of politeness))
ⓑ province (of ancient Japan)
武蔵国 むさしのくに 《proper name》Musashi Province, a province of premodern Japan which today comprises Tokyo, most of Saitama Prefecture, and parts of Kanagawa Prefecture including Yokohama and Kawasaki. Incidentally, the height of the Tokyo Skytree is 634 meters, which is said to have come from a play on word of 'Musashi' (mu(ttsu) = 6, sa(n) = 3, shi = 4).
* 雪国 ゆきぐに snow country (in Japan); regions with heavy snowfalls (in Japan) (雪 ➦210)
音読み
ⓐ country
外国
がいこく foreign country (外 ➦212)
韓国
かんこく 《proper name》Korea
中国
ちゅうごく 《proper name》China
‡ 国立大学
こくりつだいがく national university [college] (立 ➦253)
国民 こくみん 《slightly formal》nation (as a member of a sovereign state) (民 ➦273)
国籍 こくせき 《formal》nationality; citizenship (籍= registration)
国際 こくさい 《prefix》international (際 ➦383)
《archaic》diplomatic intercourse
‡ 万国 ばんこく 《formal》all nations; all (the) countries on earth
ⓑ province (of ancient Japan)
四国 しこく 《proper name》Shikoku Island (the smallest of Japan's four main islands, and located to the southwest of Honshū Island and to the east of Kyūshū Island); Shikoku region(< an abbreviation of "四国地方")
四国地方 しこくちほう 《proper name》Shikoku region (comprising Shikoku Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kochi.) (地 ➦162; 方 ➦59)
中国地方 ちゅうごくちほう 《proper name》Chūgoku region (the westernmost part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane and Tottori.)
全国 ぜんこく the whole country; all parts of the country (全 ➦509)
○<abbreviation of "国際">
1 国連 こくれん United Nations (< "国際連合"(こくさいれんごう))(連 ➦378; 合 ➦300)
33
人
/人;别人/人;別人/사람[인];사람
訓読み
ⓐ person; ⓑ other people
ⓐ person
あの人
あのひと that person; he; she
恋人 こいびと 《slightly formal》sweetheart; lover; boyfriend; girlfriend (in a romantic relationship) (恋= feeling of yearning for love)
* 人々 ひとびと 《formal》people ("々" is an ideographic iteration mark, indicating that the previous kanji should be repeated.)
音読み
ⓐ person
他人 たにん 《slightly formal》others; unrelated person (他 ➦581)
↓~(number)人
~にん ~ people (suffix indicating the number of people)
↑~人
~じん ~ people (suffix indicating a person of nationality, of a nation, or of a sense of identification with a certain region)
‖ 日本人
にほんじん/にっぽんじん Japanese (people)
‖ アメリカ人
あめりかじん American (people)
‖ タイ人
たいじん Thai (person from Thailand)
‖ 中国人 ちゅうごくじん Chinese (people)
‖ 韓国人 かんこくじん Korean (people)
‖ 北海道人 ほっかいどうじん person who has a sense of identification with Hokkaidō (北 ➦132; 海 ➦217; 道 ➦216)
(cf. "北海道民"(ほっかいどうみん) residents of Hokkaidō (民 ➦273))
‖ 台湾人 たいわんじん Taiwanese (people) (台 ➦105)
外国人 がいこくじん foreigner (外 ➦212)
ⓑ other people
人気 にんき popularity (気 ➦96)
特別な読み
ⓐ person
1人 ひとり one person
2人 ふたり two people
大人 おとな adult (大 ➦84)
34
語
ⓐ talk; ⓑ narrate; ⓒ word
; ⓓ language
/语;谈;话;词/語;談;話;詞/말씀[어];이야기하다;낱말;언어
訓読み
ⓐ talk; ⓑ narrate
語る
かたる 《formal》to talk; to narrate
ⓑ narrate
物語
ものがたり tale; story (物 ➦167)
音読み
ⓐ talk
* 私語 しご 《slightly formal》selfish talk (in class or in conference, etc.); talk in a whisper
ⓒ word
* 外来語 がいらいご loan word (外 ➦212; 来 ➦62)
敬語 けいご term of respect (敬= respect)
単語 たんご 《slightly formal》word (単= single ➦452)
熟語 じゅくご kanji compound word; compound term; idiom; idiomatic phrase (熟= mature; compound)
1 語彙 ごい 《formal》vocabulary; lexicon (彙= collection)
ⓓ language
* 日本語
にほんご Japanese (language)
英語
えいご English (language) (英 ➦119)
* 中国語
ちゅうごくご Chinese (language)
* 韓国語
かんこくご Korean (language)
‡ タイ語 たいご Thai (language)
‡ フランス語 ふらんすご French (language)
* 外国語
がいこくご foreign language (外 ➦212)
言語 げんご 《formal》language (言 ➦257)
* 言語学 げんごがく 《academic》linguistics
標準語 ひょうじゅんご standard language (標= mark; standard; 準 ➦592)
共通語 きょうつうご common language (共 ➦562; 通 ➦336)
(72)
会
/会;见/會;見/모일[회];만나다;조직된 단체
※ More readings and meanings → Lesson 5
音読み
ⓐ meet
会話 かいわ conversation (話 ➦258)
ⓓ assembly
35
社
ⓐ land god; ⓑ shrine; ⓒ society
; ⓓ organization; ○<company>
/社/社/모일[사];토지신;사당;사회;단체;<회사>
音読み
ⓐ land god
‡ 社稷 しゃしょく 《historical》the god of the land and the god of the five main cereals; guardian gods of the nation; nation (稷= proso millet; God of Five Grains)
ⓑ shrine
神社
じんじゃ Shintō shrine (cf. Shintō("神道"(しんとう)): a religion indigenous to Japan) (神 ➦207)
ⓒ society
ⓓ organization
‡ ガス会社
がすがいしゃ gas company
○<abbreviation of "会社">
社 しゃ company (< "会社")
本社 ほんしゃ head [main] office (of a company)
新聞社
しんぶんしゃ newspaper company (新 ➦88; 聞 ➦71)
社長 しゃちょう company president (長 ➦237)
36
銀
ⓐ silver
; ⓑ money; ⓒ something shining white
/银/銀/은[은];은;금 다음가는 것;돈;희게 빛나는 것
音読み
ⓐ silver
* 水銀 すいぎん mercury (of metal); hydrargyrum
銀閣寺 ぎんかくじ 《proper name》Ginkakuji Temple (in Kyoto) (< literally, "Temple of the Silver Pavilion")(閣= pavilion; 寺 ➦208)
‡ 銀メダル
ぎんめだる silver medal
ⓑ money (←"silver coin")
ⓒ something shining white
* 銀河 ぎんが 《astronomy or poetic》galaxy (河= river)
(61)
行
/行;去/行;去/다닐[행];가다;상회
※ More readings and meanings → Lesson 5
音読み
ⓐ go
旅行 りょこう travel; trip; tour; journey; voyage (旅 ➦168)
ⓛ commercial firm (←"guild organization of merchants" in old times)
37
員
ⓐ the number; ⓑ prescribed number of people; ⓒ member
; ⓓ breadth
/员;额/員;額/인원[원];수효;규정 인원수;일원;넓이
音読み
ⓐ the number (of people or objects)
定員 ていいん 《formal》fixed number of places; prescribed number of regular personnel; seating capacity; capacity (of an elevator, a train unit, etc.); quota (定 ➦357)
‡ 金員 きんいん 《legal》(amount of) money
ⓐ the number (of people or objects); ⓑ prescribed number of people
満員 まんいん 《slightly formal》full (of people); capacity crowd; crowded (bus or train) (満 ➦557)
ⓑ prescribed number of people
* 欠員 けついん 《formal》vacancy (of staff); vacant position [post]; job opening (欠 ➦368)
ⓒ member
会社員
かいしゃいん company employee
* 社員
しゃいん member of a company
‖ A社の社員 えーしゃのしゃいん member of A. Company
店員 てんいん (store) clerk; shop assistant (店 ➦186)
* 銀行員
ぎんこういん bank clerk; banker
* 駅員 えきいん station staff (駅 ➦159)
会員
かいいん member; membership (会 ➦72)
‖ VISAカードの会員 びざかーどのかいいん VISA Card member
委員 いいん member of a committee; committee member (委= entrust)
委員会 いいんかい committee; commission
全員 ぜんいん 《slightly formal》all the members; everyone (全 ➦509)
ⓓ breadth
‡ 幅員 ふくいん 《very formal》width (of a road) (幅= width)
38
医
/医/醫/의원[의];의술;<의사>
音読み
◎ medical
医者
いしゃ (medical) doctor;《informal》clinic; hospital
歯医者 はいしゃ dentist; the dentist('s) (歯 ➦280)
医師 いし 《formal》(medical) doctor (師= mentor)
医学
いがく 《academic》medical science
医学部
いがくぶ faculty [school] of medicine (部 ➦201)
○<abbreviation of "医者" or "医師">
‡ 歯科医 しかい 《formal》dentist (< officially, "歯科医師"(しかいし))
39
者
ⓐ suffix for the matter of a specific character; ⓑ person of a specific character
/者;人/者;人/놈[자];(특정성질의) 것;(특정성질의) 사람
訓読み
ⓑ person of a specific character
1 若者
わかもの 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》young person; the youth (若 ➦246)
* 働き者 はたらきもの hardworking person; hard worker (働 ➦78)
者 もの 《formal, used with a qualifier》person (referring to a person honorifics are not used for, such as one's inner group member or a subordinate)
音読み
ⓐ suffix for the matter of a specific character
前者 ぜんしゃ 《formal》the former (前 ➦52)
後者 こうしゃ 《formal》the latter (後 ➦53)
ⓐ suffix for the matter of a specific character; ⓑ person of a specific character
* 両者 りょうしゃ 《formal》both of them; both sides; both persons; both things (両 ➦438)
ⓑ person of a specific character
↓医者
いしゃ (medical) doctor;《informal》clinic; hospital
↑お医者さん おいしゃさん 《colloquial and polite》doctor (an honorific title);《informal》clinic; hospital
↓歯医者
はいしゃ dentist; the dentist('s) (歯 ➦280)
↑歯医者さん はいしゃさん 《colloquial and polite》dentist; the dentist('s)
学者
がくしゃ scholar, scientist (those who have an academic authority such as an university professor)
筆者 ひっしゃ 《slightly formal》writer (筆= brush; writing)
* 忍者
にんじゃ ninja (professional spy highly trained in stealth and secrecy in feudal Japan) (忍= endure; do by stealth)
40
研
ⓐ sharpen; ⓑ wash (rice); ⓒ polish up
/磨(刃具);淘(米);研/磨(刃具);淘(米);研/갈[연];(칼을) 갈다;연마하다;(쌀을) 씻다;연마하다;닦다
訓読み
ⓐ sharpen; ⓑ wash (rice)
1 研ぐ
とぐ to sharpen (a knife); to wash (rice)
音読み
ⓒ polish up
研修 けんしゅう training (for a job); induction course; on-the-job training (修= to master)
‡ 研修生 せんしゅうせい trainee
41
究
/究/究/궁구할[구];깊숙한 곳까지 다다르다
訓読み
◎ get into the depth
‡ 究める
きわめる to study [investigate] thoroughly
音読み
◎ get into the depth
‡ 研究生
けんきゅうせい research student
‡ 研究員
けんきゅういん researcher, research worker (a staff engaged in research activities in a research
institute)
‡ 研究者
けんきゅうしゃ scholar; researcher
研究室 けんきゅうしつ laboratory; research lab; professor's office (室 ➦189)