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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第4課
42

とき

time

; occasional
때[시];때
 訓読み
time
ときarchaic when there is no modifiertime
(/A(plain form)+/Nの+)~とき «generally written in hiragana» when ~
その時そのとき «generally written in hiragana» then
occasional

時々

ときどきflat accent«often written in hiragana» adv.sometimes "" is an ideographic iteration mark, indicating that the previous kanji should be repeated.
音読み
time

時間

じかんtime (間 129)

(number)時間

~じかん~ hour(s)

1時間

いちじかんone hour

(number)

~じ~ o'clock

1時

いちじone o'clock
一時いちじone o'clock;slightly formala moment; a short period; at a time in the past
時刻じこくformal(pont of) time (刻= carve; pont of time
時代じだいperiod; ara; epoch; age (代 513)
特別な読み
time

時計

とけいclock; watch

43

はか()

、はか(らう)

ケイ

count;

measure

; arrange
셀[계];(수를) 세다;(시간을) 재다;처리하다;(계휙 등을) 세우다
 訓読み
measure

計る

はかるto measure (time)
音読み
count
計算けいさんcalculation; account (算= calculate
合計ごうけいsum; total (合 300)
measure
*体温計たいおんけいclinical thermometer (体 277; 442)

時計

とけいclock; watch
*目覚まし時計めざましどけいalarm clock (目 137; 410)
arrange
計画けいかくplan; planning (画 172)
1  家計かけいslightly formalfamily finances; family [household] budget; household expenses (家 147)

44

とし

ネン

year

;

age

; new year; crop
해[년]([연]);해;나이;새해;곡물의 수확
 訓読み
year; age

としyear; age
age
お年寄りおとしよりelderly person [people] (寄= come near; accumulate
age; new year

お年

おとしpolite(your) age; new year (which you greet)
‖ お年はいくつですか。おとしはいくつですか。politeHow old are you?
‖ よいお年を。よいおとしを。Have a happy new year.
new year
お年玉おとしだまNew Year's gift (of money)
音読み
year

(number)

~ねん~ year(s)

1年

いちねんone year;colloquialfirst-year (student) (< an abbreviation of "一年生"
*一年生いちねんせいfirst-year student; first grader (生 261)
age
年齢ねんれいformalage (齢= age
少年しょうねんformalboy;legaljuvenile (少 230)
new year
*年賀状ねんがじょうNew Year's card (賀= celebrate; 状= letter
crop
祈年祭きねんさいShintō service to pray for a good crop (in February) (祈= to pray

45

()

キョ

go away;

past

; remove
离去;过去;去掉離去;過去;去掉갈[거];떠나다;지나간;없애다
 訓読み
go away; past

去る

さるformalto go away; to pass away
音読み
go away

過去

かこslightly formalthe past (過 537)
past

去年

きょねんlast year

(62)

()

ライ

come

;

next

来;下(次的)來;下(次的)올[래]([내]);오다;다음
More readings and meanings Lesson 5
音読み
next (←"the coming"

来年

らいねんnext year

来月

らいげつnext month

46

いま

コン

、キン

now

; near future;

this

今;现在;不久的将来今;現在;不久的將來이제[금];지금;이제;이-
 訓読み
now

いまnow
音読み
this

今月

こんげつthis month
今日こんにちformalthese days
今度こんどthis time; (nearest) next time (度 106)
特別な読み
this

今年

ことしthis year

今日

きょうtoday

47

シュウ

week

周(星期)주일[주];주
音読み
week

しゅうweek

一週間

いっしゅうかんone week; (for) a week (間 129)

先週

せんしゅうlast week

今週

こんしゅうthis week

来週

らいしゅうnext week
*週末しゅうまつweekend (末 403)

48

わ(かる)

、わ(かれる)、わ(かつ)

わ(ける)

フン

ブン

、ブ

divide

; share; tie (in a game); branch off; distinguish;

understand

; equinox; part; one's part; one's nature; matter;

minute

; short period of time; unit of one-tenth of a standard unit; degree of a thing
分;不分胜负;懂;知道;把(结拜的);天性;(应该说的)事情;份;(时)候;程度
分;不分勝負;懂;知道;把(結拜的);天性;(應該說的)事情;份;(時)候;程度
나눌[분];나누다;나뉘다;-분;비기다:가르다;알다;주야 평분시;분;(말해야 할)일;입장;타고난 질;때;정도나 상태
 訓読み
divide; share; tie (in a game)

分ける

わけるto divide
‖ ケーキを4つに分けるけーきをよっつにわけるto divide the cake into four
understand (←"to be able to distinguish"

分かる

わかる «generally written in hiragana» to understand
‖ 日本語が分かりますか。にほんごがわかりますか。Do you understand Japanese?
音読み
divide
分野ぶんやslightly formalfield (of study, activity) (野 183)
equinox
*春分の日しゅんぶんのひVernal [Spring] Equinox Day (春 219)
*秋分の日しゅうぶんのひAutumnal Equinox Day (秋 221)
part
部分ぶぶんpart; portion; piece; section (↔ "全体"(ぜんたい) whole (united as one body)) (部 201)
一部分いちぶぶんone part; one portion
大部分だいぶぶん(~の大部分)most (of); the greater [large] part (of); the majority [bulk] (of)
分数ぶんすうmathematicsfraction (数 577)
1  分母ぶんぼmathematicsdenominator (母 144)
1  分子ぶんしmathematicsnumerator;chemistrymolecule (子 139)
成分せいぶんslightly formalingredient; constituent; element; component(成 559)
半分はんぶんhalf
one's part

自分

じぶんoneself (自 164)
身分みぶんslightly formalone's status; one's social position; one's rank; one's identity (身 564)
minute (the unit of time and angle)

(number)

~ふん~ minute

8時45分

はちじよんじゅうごふんeight forty-five

10分

じゅっぷん(/じっぷん《traditional》) ten minutes
unit of one-tenth of a standard unit
(number)~ぶ0.1 degree (one-tenth of a ""(ど), used to measure body temperature); one percent (one-tenth of a ""(わり= rate of 10%);archaic3.0303 mm (one-tenth of a ""(すん), a traditional unit of length equal to 3.0303 cm)
‖ 36度5分さんじゅうろくどごぶ36.5 degrees Celsius (of body temparature) (度 106)
‖ 3割3分3厘さんわりさんぶさんりん.333batting average of a baseball player) (割 434; 厘 = unit of one-hundredth of a standard unit
~(number)分~ふんarchaic0.375 gram (one tenth of a ""(もんめ), a traditional unit of weight equal to 3.75 gram)
degree of a thing (←"tenth part of an equally divided whole"

十分な

じゅうぶんな «also written as "充分なslightly formalenough
多分たぶん «often written in hiragana» informalmaybe; possibly; probably (多 229)
気分きぶんmood; feeling (a state of feeling of comfort or discomfort that lasts for some time) (気 96)

49

なか()

ハン

half

; halfway; intermediate; odd number
半;奇数半;奇数반[반];반;홀수
 訓読み
half; halfway

半ば

なかば(in) the middle of (the period of time)
‖ 5月半ば ごがつなかばthe middle of May
音読み
half; halfway

半分

はんぶんhalf
half

~半

~はんhalf

2時半

にじはんtwo and a half; two thirty (2:30)

2時間半

にじかんはんtwo hours and a half (間 129)
*

半年

はんとしhalf year
*

半月

はんつきhalf month
半月はんげつhalf moon
*

半日

はんにちhalf day; half of the daytime
intermediate
半島はんとうpeninsula (島 226)
odd number
はんarchaicodd number (↔ ""(ちょう)=《archaiceven number

50

なに

なん

what

;

how many

; some; any; anything
何;什么;几-;多少何;什麼;幾-;多少어찌[하];무엇;몇
 訓読み
what

なにwhat
‖ 何を食べますか。なにをたべますか。What do you eat?
何かなにか(/なんか《informal》)something; anything (< "" after an interrogativesome-
何年なにどしwhat year (in Chinese astrology)
何人なにじんwhat nationality

何ですか。

なんですか。What?
‖ これは何ですか。これはなんですか。What is this?
何でなんでby what transportation;informalwhy
*

何の

なんのwhat(+ noun

何の本

なんのほんwhat book
‖ 何の本ですか。なんのほんですか。What book is it?
‖ 何の日なんのひwhat day

何月

なんがつwhat month

何曜日

なんようび(/なにようび《archaic》)what day of the week
what; how many (prefix)

何年

なんねんhow many years; what year;colloquialwhat year (student)

何日

なんにちwhat date; how many days
how many (prefix)

何人

なんにんhow many people
何歳なんさいhow old (歳 112)
how many (prefix); some
十何年じゅうなんねんcolloquialten-odd years; ten and how many years
三十何回さんじゅうなんかいcolloquialthirty-some times; thirty and how many times (回 109)
anything
何も(+ negativeなにも(not) anything ""(+ negative):(not ~) either
何でも(+V(affirmative)なんでもanything; whatever (N+"でも"even ~
音読み
(phonetic equivalent)
幾何学きかがくmathematicsgeometry

51

the seventh sign of the Chinese zodiac;

noon

낮[오];십이지의 일곱째;오시(낮 열두 시경)
音読み
the seventh sign of the Chinese zodiac - horse indicating around the time of 0p.m., the year divided by 12 leaves remainder 10, and the direction of south)
子午線しごせんgeographymeridian (子 139; 382)
noon

午前

ごぜんslightly formalforenoon; morning
‖ 午前~時ごぜん~じformal》~ a.m.

午後

ごごslightly formalafternoon
‖ 午後~時ごご~じformal》~ p.m.

正午

しょうごformalnoon (正 312)

52

まえ

ゼン

front

; person in front;

before

; previous; former; proportion; worthy of
前;之前;面前的人;上(回、次、半);份;相应的价值前;之前;面前的人;上(回、次、半);份;相應的價值
앞[전];앞;앞 사람;전;상응한 가치
 訓読み
front; before; previous

まえfront; before
‖ 病院の前びょういんのまえin front of a hospital (病 199; 200)
front
*駅前えきまえ(in) front of a station; station front (駅 159)
手前てまえthis side (of a location); a bit before reaching (a location); foreground (手 134)
before

(period of time)

~まえbefore ~

2年前

にねんまえtwo years ago
この前このまえthe other day; last time
(others: from a wording of formerly honorific)

名前

なまえname; full name; family name; given name (名 98)
音読み
before

午前

ごぜんslightly formalforenoon; morning
*

午前中

ごぜんちゅうin [during] the morning
‖ あしたの午前中はうちで勉強します。あしたのごぜんちゅうはうちでべんきょうします。I will study at home in tomorrow morning. (勉 114; 115)
former

前半

ぜんはんfirst [former] half
前者ぜんしゃformalthe former
*前期ぜんきthe first half (of the semester) (期 590)

53

うし(ろ)

あと

のち

、おく(れる)

コウ

fall behind;

after

; following; latter;

back

落后;后落後;後뒤[후];뒤떨어지다;뒤;후
 訓読み
after

後で

あとで «often written in hiragana» after...; later; later on
‖ 後でまた来ます。あとでまたきます。I will come again later.

後に

のちにformalafter ...; afterward(s)
back

後ろ

うしろback; rear
‖ 私の後ろにミラーさんがいます。わたしのうしろにみらーさんがいます。Mr./Ms. Millar is behind me.
音読み
after

午後

ごごslightly formalafternoon
‖ 午後6時ごごろくじformal6 p.m.

(period of time)

~ごafter ~; ~ later [after]

4日後

よっかごfour days later
after; back

前後

ぜんごslightly formalin front and behind; before and after
~前後~ぜんごslightly formal and objective than "~ぐらい(~くらい)"about ~
following

後輩

こうはいthose who entered the school [company, university] later than one (輩= fellow
latter

後半

こうはんthe second [latter] half
後者こうしゃformalthe latter
*後期こうきthe second half (of the semester) (期 590)

54

あさ

チョウ

morning

; imperial court; Japan; dynasty
朝;早晨;早上;日本朝;早晨;早上:日本아침[조];아침;조정;일본;-조
 訓読み
morning

あさmorning (from dawn to noon; for several hours from dawn)
*朝日あさひmorning [rising] sun

朝ごはん

あさごはん «also written as "朝ご飯", "朝御飯breakfast (飯 380)
‖ 朝ごはんを食べるあさごはんをたべるto have breakfast (食 65)
音読み
morning
*

朝食

ちょうしょくformalbreakfast (~食 < "食事"(しょくじ) meal; 65)
‖ 朝食をとるちょうしょくをとるformalto take breakfast
*明朝みょうちょうvery formaltomorrow morning (明 235)
imperial court
朝廷ちょうていhistoricalImperial Court (廷= court
Japan (←"country ruled by Emperor"
帰朝きちょうvery formalreturning from abroad (to Japan)
dynasty
*王朝おうちょうdynasty (王 371)
ブルボン朝ぶるぼんちょうhistoricalBourbon Dynasty
明朝みんちょう〈head-high accenthistoricalMing Dynasty (of China)
明朝みんちょう〈flat accentMinchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)(< an abbreviation of "明朝体"
明朝体みんちょうたいMinchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)
(others)
朝鮮ちょうせんproper nameKorean peninsular region; North Korea (In this sense, the term "北朝鮮(きたちょうせん)" is popularly used.);academicKorea
   NOTE: "韓国(かんこく)" is South Korea, which is an abbreviation of its official name "大韓民国"(だいかんみんこくRepublic of Korea).
<abbreviation for a kanji writing of Korea, "朝鮮"(ちょうせん)>
日朝関係にっちょうかんけいJapan-North Korea Relations (関 498; 499) (cf. "日韓関係" (にっかんかんけい) Japan-South Korea Relations
特別な読み
morning

今朝

けさ «often written in hiragana» this morning

55

ひる

チュウ

daytime

; hours when the sun is high;

midday

昼;白天;中午晝;白天;中午낮[주];낮;대낮;한낮
 訓読み
daytime; hours when the sun is high; midday

ひるdaytime; hours when the sun is high; midday
hours when the sun is high
昼寝ひるね(afternoon) nap; siesta (寝 75)
midday

お昼

おひるpolite or colloquialmidday;polite or colloquiallunch

昼ごはん

ひるごはん «also written as "昼ご飯", "昼御飯lunch

お昼ごはん

おひるごはんpolitelunch
音読み
midday

昼食

ちゅうしょくformallunch (食 65)

56

バン

evening

; night; late
晚;夜晚;夜늦을[만];밤(밤이 깊어질 때까지의 시간);밤;늦다
音読み
evening

ばんrarely used without a modifierevening (from sunset to late at night)

きのうの晩

きのうのばんlast night; yesterday evening (referring to the whole night in some contexts)

晩ごはん

ばんごはん «also written as "晩ご飯", "晩御飯slightly politedinner (evening meal)

今晩

こんばんthis evening; tonight (referring to the whole night in some contexts)

57

よる

night

밤[야];밤
 訓読み
night

よるnight
archaic or used in fixed phrasesnight
夜ごはんよるごはんinformal new worddinner (evening meal)

夜中

よなかseveral hours around the midnight
‖ 夜中まで勉強しました。よなかまでべんきょうしました。I studied far into the night.
音読み
night

今夜

こんやtonight
昨夜さくやformallast night; yesterday evening (昨= the one before
*

夜食

やしょくlate night snack; midnight snack (食 65)
徹夜するてつやするto stay up all night (徹= do throughout
夜行バスやこうばすnight [overnight] bus (行 61)

58

ゆう

セキ

around sunset time

; evening; last evening
夕;傍晚;晚;昨晚夕;傍晚;晚;昨晚저녁[석];저녁;밤;엊저녁
 訓読み
around sunset time

夕方

ゆうがたlate afternoon and early evening (a couple of hours around sunset)
夕日ゆうひevening [setting] sun
1  夕焼けゆうやけsunset glow (焼 544)
夕立ゆうだち «also written as "夕立ち(sudden, heavy) shower (on a summer afternoon or evening); (summer) evening shower (立 253)
around sunset time; evening
*

夕食

ゆうしょくformaldinner (evening meal) (食 65)
夕飯ゆうはんdinner (evening meal) (飯 380)
evening
夕べゆうべarchaicevening
last evening (←"remembering in the next morning"
夕べゆうべ «often written in hiragana, also written as "昨夜slightly archaiclast night; yesterday evening
特別な読み
evening
*

七夕

たなばたTanabata festival (derived from a legend originating in China, and that was fused with ancient Japanese Shintō rituals); Festival of the Weaver; the Star Festival (celebrated on the seventh of July)

59

かた

ホウ

direction

; side; one of the comparisons; area; square; tidy;

way

; medical skill; Taoist skill; time range; (honorific word of)

person

; honorific pluralizing suffix; person in charge; c/o (care of)
方;比较中的一个;法;时分;位;各位;特定工作人员;(书信用語的)转交
方;比較中的一個;法;時分;位;各位;特定工作人員;(書信用語的)轉交
모[방];쪽;비교의 한편;네모나다;누승;바르다;법;의술;방술;-녘;분;(복수의 사람에 대한 경의를 포함한 접미사);담당자;(편지 겉봉에 쓰는) -방(-댁)
 訓読み
side
味方みかたone's side; friend; ally (味 308)
父方ちちかたformalfather's (paternal) side (父 143)
母方ははかたformalmother's (maternal) side (母 144)
way
(V(masu-stem)+)~かたhow to do; way of doing

読み方

よみかたhow to read (読 69)
‖ 仕方しかた «often written in hiragana» how to do (仕 116)
仕方ないしかたない «often written in hiragana»  (also "仕方がない"There is no other way.; There is no choice.; It can't be helped.; It is inevitable.; It is no use ~ing.
time range

夕方

ゆうがたlate afternoon and early evening (a couple of hours around sunset)
(honorific word of) person

かた(require the use of modifiers) (honorific word of) person

あの方

あのかたhonorifiche; she
音読み
direction; side; one of the comparisons; area

ほう(require the use of modifiers)  «often written in hiragana» direction; side; area; one of the comparisons (in this last sense, generally written in hiragana)

~の方

~のほうthe direction [side, area] of
‖(教室の)

前の方

(きょうしつの)まえのほうtoward the front (of a classroom)
~方が(~より)…(adj.)~ほうが(~より) «generally written in hiragana»  ⦅choice between two things~ is more ... (than ~)
‖ ひらがなの方がやさしいです。ひらがなのほうがやさしいです。 «"", generally written in hiragana» Hiragana is easier.
direction
方向ほうこうdirection (向 456)
方面ほうめんdirection (used to indicate the area ambiguously, or to indicate where a train is bound for); area; field; aspect; angle (面 457)
方角ほうがくdirection (of a place or an area);slightly archaicpoint of the compass (角 458)
side
両方りょうほうboth (両 438)
*片方かたほうone of a pair; one side (片 619)
area
地方ちほうregion; district; locality; provinces (地 162)
方言ほうげんdialect (言 257)
square
正方形せいほうけいmathematicssquare (正 312; 319)
長方形ちょうほうけいmathematicsrectangle (長 237)
way
方法ほうほうslightly formalmethod; way; means (法 470)
1  方式ほうしきslightly formalmethod; system (式 517)
方程式ほうていしきmathematicsequation (程= rules
medical skill
*処方しょほうmedicalprescription (処= deal with
*漢方薬かんぽうやくChinese herbal medicine (漢 120; 284)

60

マイ

every

; per (a unit of time)
매양[매];매-
音読み
every

毎日

まいにちevery day

毎月

まいつきevery month

毎年

まいとし(/まいねん《formal》)every year

毎朝

まいあさevery morning

毎晩

まいばんevery night; every evening

毎週

まいしゅうevery week
per (a unit of time)
毎時まいじphysicsper hour
毎分まいふんphysicsper minute
毎秒まいびょうphysicsper second (秒= second





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