日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第8課
124
机
/桌/桌/책상[궤];책상
訓読み
◎ desk
音読み
◎ desk
‡ 机上 きじょう 《very formal》on the desk; impractical
125
上
訓
うえ
、うわ
、あ(がる)
、あ(げる)、のぼ(る)
、のぼ(せる)、のぼ(す)、かみ
ⓐ upper
; ⓑ on (top of); ⓒ over; ⓓ above; ⓔ superior; ⓕ senior; ⓖ first part (in a series of two or three); ⓗ matters concerning a person; ⓘ go up
; ⓙ raise; ⓚ be taken up; ⓛ up; ⓜ show up; ⓝ in terms of; ⓞ(honorific) eat [drink]; ⓟ express modesty; ⓠ Kyoto and vicinity
/上;表面;高;大;年长;完;停;(身)世;吃(尊敬语);表达谦虚;京都及其附近
/上;表面;高;大;年長;完;停;(身)世;吃(尊敬語);表達謙虛;京都及其附近
/위[상];위;(순서가) 앞의 쪽;올리다;윗-;높다;오르다;내다;끝내다;드시다;겸양을 나타내다;교토와 그 주변
訓読み
ⓐ upper; ⓑ on (top of); ⓒ over; ⓓ above
上
うえ higher place; the upper part; the top
‖ 上に うえに on (top of); over; above; up
ⓒ over
上着
うわぎ outerwear (着 ➦356)
ⓕ senior(position, level, rank)
ⓖ first part (in a series of two or three)
* 上半期
かみはんき 《slightly formal》the first half of the year (期 ➦590)
ⓘ go up
上がる
あがる ⦅vi.⦆ to go [come] up; to rise; to go [come] in a house
ⓘ go up; ⓚ be taken up
上る
のぼる to go up (in the sense of moving upward) (cf. "登る"(のぼる) to climb; to go up (step by step) ➦340)
ⓠ Kyoto and vicinity
‡ 上方 かみがた 《archaic》Kyoto-Osaka region
音読み
ⓔ superior
上手な
じょうずな good (at); skillful (手 ➦134)
ⓜ show up
上映 じょうえい screening (of a movie)
126
下
訓
した
、さ(がる)
、さ(げる)、お(ろす)
、お(りる)
、くだ(る)、くだ(す)、くだ(さる)
、しも
、もと
ⓐ lower
; ⓑ under; ⓒ below; ⓓ inferior; ⓔ junior; ⓕ preliminary; ⓖ last part; ⓗ elapse; ⓘ down
; ⓙ withdraw; ⓚ to grate; ⓛ to fillet; ⓜ use for first time; ⓝ newly created; ⓞ make an obvious decision; ⓟ actually do; ⓠ make intelligible; ⓡ give (to one's subordinates); ⓢ(honorific) give (to the speaker); ⓣ(honorific) do (for the speaker); ⓤ express a request; ⓥ used for a honorific title for a dignitary; ⓦ excrete; ⓧ bawdy
/下;内;低;拙;小;预备性的;后;下降;提取;给(我);请-;泻
/下;内;低;拙;小;預備性的;後;下降;提取;給(我);請-;瀉
/아래[하];아래;밑;안쪽;예비적인;(순서가) 뒤의 쪽;내리다;물러가다;인출하다;(저에게) 주시다;-십시오;배설하다
訓読み
ⓐ lower; ⓑ under; ⓒ below; ⓓ inferior; ⓔ junior
‖ 下に したに down; under; below; beneath
ⓐ lower
‡ 川下 かわしも lower part of river
ⓑ under
靴下 くつした socks (靴= shoes)
足下
あしもと «also written as "足元", "足もと"» at one's feet; one's step
ⓔ junior
ⓕ preliminary (←"groundwork"; "lowest support of a structure")
下書き したがき draft (copy); rough (sketch)
1 下調べ したしらべ preliminary investigation; preparation (for class, for a meeting, etc.); homework (not an assignment)
ⓖ last part (in a series of two or three)
* 下半期
しもはんき 《slightly formal》the second half of the year (期 ➦590)
ⓘ down; ⓙ withdraw
下がる
さがる ⦅vi.⦆ to go [come] down; (of a numerical value,) to fall
下げる さげる ⦅vt.⦆ to lower; to pull down;《economics》⦅vi.⦆ (of stock prices,) to lower
下りる
おりる to go [come] down (from a higher place, often by a step-by-step movement)
ⓘ down; ⓙ withdraw; ⓚ to grate; ⓛ to fillet; ⓜ use for first time
下ろす
おろす to take [put] down; to unload; to withdraw (savings); to fillet (a fish taking the bones and bowels away); «also written in hiragana or as "卸す"» to grate (radishes, etc.)
ⓢ(honorific) give (to the speaker)
↓(Nを)下さる (Nを)くださる «often written in hiragana» 《honorific》to give (to the speaker or a member of the speaker's group)
ⓣ(honorific) do (for the speaker)
↑(Vて)下さる (Vて)くださる «often written in hiragana» 《honorific》to do (for the speaker or a member of
the speaker's group)
ⓤ express a request
↓(Nを)下さい
(Nを)ください «often written in hiragana» Please give me ~
↑(Vて)下さい (Vて)ください «often written in hiragana» Please (do)
音読み
ⓐ lower
廊下 ろうか corridor; hallway; (interior) passage
上下
じょうげ 《slightly formal》the top and bottom; the upper and lower parts
ⓑ under
地下 ちか underground; basement
地下鉄
ちかてつ subway (地 ➦162; 鉄 ➦163)
ⓘ down
下降する かこうする 《formal》to go down; to fall (降 ➦252)
(↔ "上昇する"(じょうしょうする) 《formal》to go up; to rise)
下車する げしゃする 《slightly formal and subjective》to get off
特別な読み
ⓓ inferior
下手な
へたな poor (at); unskillful (手 ➦134)
127
左
ⓐ left
; ⓑ(described) in the following; ⓒ evidentiary thing; ⓓ Senior (Minister of State in Early Period); ⓔ less important position; ⓕ bibulous
/左;降级(调职);爱喝酒的/左;降級(調職);愛喝酒的
/왼[좌];왼쪽;좌익;증거가 되는 것;(율령관제의) 상위의 (대신);보다 중요하지 않은 위치;술을 좋아하는
訓読み
ⓐ left
‡ 左上
ひだりうえ the upper left
音読み
ⓐ left
* 左折する
させつする 《formal》to turn to the left (折 ➦543)
(≒ "左へ曲がる"(ひだりへまがる) to turn to the left)(曲 ➦341)
ⓕ bibulous
‡ 左党 さとう 《archaic》person fond of alcohol (as opposed to sweets)
128
右
ⓐ right (side)
; ⓑ something just mentioned; ⓒ surpassing position; ⓓ most helpful and reliable; ⓔ Junior (Minister of State in Early Period)
/右;如上;胜过的;依靠的/右;如上;勝過的;依靠的
/오른[우];오른쪽;우익;이제까지 말한 내용;상위;(율령관제의) 하위의 (대신)
訓読み
ⓐ right (side); ⓑ something just mentioned; ⓒ surpassing position
ⓐ right (side)
音読み
ⓐ right (side)
* 右折する
うせつする 《formal》to turn to the right (折 ➦543)
(≒ "右へ曲がる"(みぎへまがる) to turn to the right)(曲 ➦341)
129
間
ⓐ space (between)
; ⓑ interval; ⓒ period (of time); ⓓ several days ago; ⓔ range (within); ⓕ room; ⓖ relationship (between); ⓗ timing; ⓘ situational appropriateness; ⓙ watch for an unguarded moment
/间;空隙;时间;前些时候;关系;合适的状态/間;空隙;時間;前些時候;關係;合適的狀態
/사이[간];사이;요전;방;타이밍;상황에서의 적절성
訓読み
ⓐ space (between); ⓑ interval; ⓒ period (of time); ⓔ range (within); ⓖ relationship (between)
↓間
あいだ between; among; during; interval
‖ 目と目の間に鼻があります。 めとめのあいだにはながあります。 There is a nose between eyes. (目 ➦137)
ⓓ several days ago
この間 このあいだ the other day; several days ago
ⓗ timing
間に合う
まにあう to be [get, reach] in time (合う ➦300)
‖ 授業(の時間)に間に合いました。 じゅぎょう(のじかん)にまにあいました。 I was in time for class. (授 ➦325; 業 ➦326)
‖ 飛行機(の時間)に間に合いました。 ひこうき(のじかん)にまにあいました。 I was in time for the plane. (飛 ➦339; 機 ➦354)
ⓘ situational appropriateness
間違える まちがえる «often written in hiragana» ⦅vt.⦆ to make a mistake; to mistake (違 ➦317)
間違う まちがう «often written in hiragana»
⦅vi.⦆《in ta-form or teiru-form》to be mistaken; to be wrong
⦅vt.⦆《colloquial and subjective》to make a mistake; to mistake(In colloquial speech, there is a connotation of carelessness.)
間違い まちがい mistake; something wrong
音読み
ⓐ space (between); ⓑ interval; ⓒ period (of time); ⓔ range (within)
中間 ちゅうかん 《slightly formal》center; middle
‖ 中間試験 ちゅうかんしけん mid-term exam (試 ➦327; 験 ➦328)
‖ 中間テスト ちゅうかんてすと (= 中間試験)
ⓒ period (of time)
一週間 いっしゅうかん one week; (for) a week
~(period of time)間
~かん for; during; in
‖ 2年間
にねんかん for two years
ⓔ range (within)
世間
せけん 《slightly archaic》world (closely related to one's activities); people (closely related to one's activities) (世 ➦262)
ⓖ relationship (between)
人間
にんげん 《slightly formal and objective》human being
130
東
ⓐ east
; ⓑ the East (as Asia)
/东/東/동녘[동];동쪽;동양
訓読み
ⓐ east
音読み
ⓐ east
東京
とうきょう 《proper name》Tokyo (place name)
関東
かんとう 《proper name》Kantō region (southeast region of Japan including Tokyo) (< an abbreviation of "関東地方") (関 ➦498)
関東地方 かんとうちほう 《proper name》Kantō region (the southeast part of Honshū Island, and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gunma.)
東洋
とうよう 《formal》the Eastern world; the Orient (especially East, South and Southeast Asia) (洋 ➦408)
東海地方 とうかいちほう 《proper name》Tōkai region (a region along the Pacific Ocean in central Honshū Island. Generally, it consists of the prefectures of Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and southern part of Gifu.
131
西
ⓐ west
; ⓑ Western; ⓒ Spain
/西/西/서녘[서];서쪽;서양의;스페인
訓読み
ⓐ west
* 西ヨーロッパ
にしよーろっぱ West Europe
音読み
ⓐ west
西洋
せいよう 《formal》the Western world; the Occident (洋 ➦408)
関西
かんさい 《proper name》Kansai region (southern-central region of Japan including Osaka) (関 ➦498)
東西線 とうざいせん 《proper name》Tōzai (east-west) Line (of the subway)
ⓑ Western (< an abbreviation of "西洋")
西暦 せいれき Christian Era; Anno Domini; A.D. (暦= calendar)
ⓒ Spain (< an abbreviation of "西班牙"(スペイン))
‡ 西和辞典 せいわじてん Spanish-Japanese dictionary (和 ➦407)
132
北
ⓐ north
; ⓑ turn one's back on the enemy
/北/北/북녘[북];북쪽 / 달아날[배];적에게 등을 돌리다
訓読み
ⓐ north
* 北アフリカ
きたあふりか North Africa
音読み
ⓐ north
東北地方
とうほくちほう 《proper name》Tōhoku Region (the northeasternmost part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Miyagi, Yamagata and Fukushima.) (地 ➦162)
* 北西 ほくせい northwest
北海道
ほっかいどう 《proper name》Hokkaidō (comprising the main island of Hokkaidō and its surrounding smaller islands and islets, located to the north of Honshū Island); Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture; Hokkaidō Government (海 ➦217; 道 ➦216)
北海道地方 ほっかいどうちほう 《proper name》Hokkaidō region (consisting of only Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture)
北陸地方 ほくりくちほう 《proper name》Hokuriku region (a region along the Sea of Japan within the Chūbu region, It consists of the prefectures of Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata, or of the three prefectures excluding Niigata.)
* 北上する ほくじょうする 《formal》to go up north
‖ 台風が北上する たいふうがほくじょうする of the typhoon, to move northward
133
南
/南/南/남녘[남];남쪽
訓読み
◎ south
* 南アメリカ
みなみあめりか South America
音読み
◎ south
* 東南アジア
とうなんあじあ Southeast Asia
南北線 なんぼくせん 《proper name》Nanboku (north-south) Line (of the subway)
* 東西南北 とうざいなんぼく north, south, east and west
* 南下する なんかする 《formal》to go down south
‖ 11月ごろ白鳥が南下する じゅういちがつごろはくちょうがなんかする of the swan, to migrate southward around November
134
手
ⓐ hand
; ⓑ means; ⓒ skill; ⓓ person
(engaged in particular duties); ⓔ labor; ⓕ write down; ⓖ performer of an action; ⓗ type; ⓘ horizontal direction; ⓙ geographical feature; ⓚ connection; ⓛ wound; ○<certificate of payment>
/手;劳力;记下来;-的人;种类;水平方向;地形;关系;伤;<票据>
/手;勞力;記下來;-的人;種類;水平方向;地形;關係;傷;<票據>
/손[수];손;수단;솜씨;-수;적다;-꾼;종류;수평방향;지형;상처;<어음>
訓読み
ⓐ hand; ⓑ means; ⓔ labor; ⓚ connection
ⓐ hand; ⓘ horizontal direction
* 右手
みぎて right hand; (on) the right(-hand)
* 左手
ひだりて left hand; (on) the left(-hand)
ⓐ hand
お手洗い おてあらい 《polite and slightly archaic》restroom; toilet; bathroom
手袋 てぶくろ glove; mitten (袋 ➦437)
‡↓手形 てがた handprint (形 ➦319)
* 手書き てがき handwriting
* 手作りの てづくりの handmade; hand-crafted; homemade; homegrown
ⓑ means
手続き てつづき procedure; formalities (続 ➦540)
ⓒ skill
苦手な にがてな (mentally) not good at; tough to deal with; something disliked (苦 ➦449)
ⓔ labor
手伝う てつだう to help (someone with something); to assist (someone in doing); to contribute to (伝 ➦419)
ⓕ write down
手帳 てちょう pocket notebook; memorandum book
*↑手形 てがた 《economics》note of hand [promissory note]; bill of exchange;《archaic》certificate of payment (形 ➦319)
ⓖ performer of an action
相手 あいて companion; partner; opponent (in sports); the person one is speaking to; the other person (相 ➦560)
ⓗ type
派手な はでな showy; flashy; gaudy; garish
○<abbreviation of "手形" (certificate of payment)>
切手
きって (postage) stamp (< etymologically, an abbreviation of "切符手形"(きりふてがた))
‖ 切手を貼る きってをはる to put a stamp on an envelope [a postcard] (貼= stick on)
音読み
ⓐ hand
* 手動 しゅどう 《slightly formal》manual operation (動 ➦254)
ⓓ person (engaged in particular duties)ⓓ person (with a certain skill) engaged in particular duties
運転手 うんてんしゅ driver; professional driver (運転= driving; 運 ➦302; 転 ➦165)
特別な読み
ⓒ skill
上手な
じょうずな good (at); skillful
‖ 彼は絵が上手です。 かれはえがじょうずです。 He paints well.; He is good at drawing. (絵 ➦173)
下手な
へたな poor (at); unskillful
‖ 私はサッカーが下手です。 わたしはさっかーがへたです。 I'm bad [poor] at soccer.
135
足
ⓐ foot
; ⓑ foot and leg; ⓒ step; ⓓ means of traffic; ⓔ enough
; ⓕ worth; ⓖ add; ⓗ counter for footwear
/足;脚;脚和腿;脚步;交通工具;值得;加;-双(表示鞋和袜子的量詞)
/足;腳;腳和腿;腳步;交通工具;值得;加;-雙(表示鞋和襪子的量詞)
/발[족];발;다리;걸음;교통수단;족하다;만하다;더하다;켤레
訓読み
ⓐ foot; ⓑ foot and leg; ⓒ step; ⓓ means of traffic
足
あし «also written as "脚(あし)" in the sense of 'leg'» foot; leg; means of traffic
ⓐ foot; ⓑ foot and leg;
* 右足
みぎあし right foot; right leg
* 左足
ひだりあし left foot; left leg
* 手足
てあし arms and legs; hands and feet
ⓐ foot
足下 あしもと «also written as "足元", "足もと"» at one's feet; one's step
ⓔ enough
足りる
たりる to be enough; to be sufficient
‖ お金が足りません。 おかねがたりません。 I don't have enough money (to buy something).; I'm short of money.
ⓖ add
‖ ポットに水を足す ぽっとにみずをたす to add water to a pot
音読み
ⓒ step
遠足 えんそく (school) excursion
1 発足する ほっそくする 《formal》(of an organization,) to start
ⓔ enough
不足する
ふそくする 《formal》to run short; to be in short supply
~不足 ~ぶそく ⦅n.⦆ lack of ~
‖ 運動不足 うんどうぶそく lack of (physical) exercise; physical inactivity (運 ➦302; 動 ➦254)
‖ 睡眠不足 すいみんぶそく 《objective》sleep deprivation; lack of sleep; insufficient sleep (眠 ➦392)
* 寝不足 ねぶそく 《subjective》lack of sleep; sleep deprived
満足な まんぞくな satisfied; contented; content; satisfactory; satisfying (満 ➦557)
ⓗ counter for footwear
2足 にそく two pair of (shoes, socks)
136
口
ⓐ mouth
; ⓑ opening; ⓒ beginning; ⓓ eating; ⓔ the number of people; ⓕ unit (of contribution); ⓖ type; ⓗ manner; ⓘ spoken words
/口;嘴;门;交易;头;股(份);种类;法;话语/口;嘴;門;交易;頭;股(份);種類;法;話語
/입[구];입;출입구;거래;시작;끄트머리;먹음;사람의 수;몫(출자의 단위);종류;방법;말
訓読み
ⓐ mouth; ⓑ opening; ⓒ beginning; ⓓ eating; ⓔ the number of people; ⓖ type; ⓘ spoken words
ⓐ mouth
入り口(入口)
いりぐち entrance (入 ➦249)
出口 でぐち exit (出 ➦250)
‡ 東口
ひがしぐち east entrance [exit]
‡ 西口
にしぐち west entrance [exit]
‡ 南口
みなみぐち south entrance [exit]
‡ 北口
きたぐち north entrance [exit]
* 非常口 ひじょうぐち emergency exit (非 ➦507; 常 ➦572)
‡ 改札口 かいさつぐち ticket gate; ticket barrier
ⓑ opening (←"opening to go in and out")
窓口 まどぐち (ticket or teller) window [counter]; contact point [person] for negotiations (窓 ➦204)
‡ 働き口 はたらきぐち job (opening)
音読み
ⓑ opening (←"opening to go in and out")
口座 こうざ (bank) account;《business》account (in bookkeeping); journal [account] (in accounting transaction) (座 ➦292)
ⓔ the number of people (←"mouth to feed")
人口
じんこう population (the total number of people)
ⓘ spoken words
* 口調
くちょう 《slightly formal》tone (of voice); manner (of talking) (調 ➦287)
137
目
ⓐ eye
; ⓑ dot-like thing; ⓒ opening of mesh; ⓓ linear pattern; ⓔ graduation (of a scale); ⓕ juncture; ⓖ suffix indicating ordinal number
; ⓗ somewhat of a degree; ⓘ item; ⓙ list; ⓚ order (taxonomic rank); ⓛ look; ⓜ sight; ⓝ something visible; ⓞ(bitter) experience
/目;眼睛;视力;眼;孔;格子;纹理;刻度;界限;第;一点;眼力;可见部分;(辛酸)经验
/目;眼睛;視力;眼;孔;格子;紋理;刻度;界限;第;一點;眼力;可見部分;(辛酸)經驗
/눈[목];눈;점 모양의 것;틈;선 무늬;경계점;-째;약간정도;항목;목록;목 (생물학);눈에 보이는 것;(쓰라린) 경험
訓読み
ⓐ eye; ⓑ dot-like thing; ⓒ opening of mesh; ⓓ linear pattern; ⓔ graduation (of a scale); ⓕ juncture; ⓛ look; ⓜ sight; ⓞ(bitter) experience
‖ ミラーさんは目がいいです。 みらーさんはめがいいです。 Mr Miller has very good eyesight.
ⓐ eye
目の当たり(にする)
まのあたり(にする) (to see) before one's very eyes; (to see) with one's own eyes (当 ➦539)
ⓑ dot-like thing
駄目な だめな «often written in hiragana» no good; must not do(駄= trifling; 目= go(碁) stone) (In a game of go,"駄目" is a move considered to be of no value to either side.)
ⓖ suffix indicating ordinal number
↑~(number with counter suffix)目
~め (the order of the things)
~(number)番目 ~ばんめ ~th (indicates position in a sequence) (番 ➦202)
~(number)行目 ~ぎょうめ ~th line
‖ 3行目 さんぎょうめ the third line (from the top)
‖ 上から3行目 うえからさんぎょうめ the third line from the top
‖ 下から3行目 したからさんぎょうめ the third line from the bottom
~(number)丁目 ~ちょうめ chome (city block)
ⓛ look
お目にかかる おめにかかる 《humble expression》to meet (someone of higher status)
ⓜ sight
目覚まし めざまし 《informal》alarm clock (< an abbreviation of "目覚まし時計")(覚 ➦410)
* 目覚まし時計 めざましどけい alarm clock
音読み
ⓘ item
科目 かもく school subject; subject of study (on a school curriculum); course of study; item (科 ➦474)
ⓙ list
目次 もくじ table of contents (科 ➦363)
ⓚ order (taxonomic rank) smaller than a class("綱"(こう)), bigger than a family("科"(か))
‡ バラ目 ばらもく 《biology》order Rosales (バラ= rose)
ⓛ look
目的
もくてき purpose; aim; objective; intention (的 ➦503)
‖ 今年の4月に日本へ来ました。目的は医学の研究です。 にほんへきました。もくてきはいがくのけんきゅうです。 I came to Japan in April this year. The purpose is medical research.
注目する ちゅうもくする to take note (of); to keep an eye (on)
138
耳
/耳;听到;边/耳;聽到;邊/귀[이];귀;들리다
訓読み
ⓐ ear; ⓑ hearing; ⓒ edge
耳
みみ ear; hearing; crust (of a slice of bread); selvage (of fabric); edge (of paper)
‖ 先生は耳がいいです。 せんせいはみみがいいです。 The teacher has good hearing.
ⓐ ear
音読み
ⓐ ear
1 耳鼻科
じびか otorhinology; ear, nose, and throat department;《colloquial》ear, nose, and throat clinic [office] (< officially, "耳鼻咽喉科"(じびいんこうか))(鼻(はな)= nose; 科 ➦474)