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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第8課
124

つくえ

desk

책상[궤];책상
 訓読み
desk

つくえdesk
音読み
desk
机上きじょうvery formalon the desk; impractical

125

うえ

うわ

あ(がる)

、あ(げる)

のぼ(る)

、のぼ(せる)、のぼ()

かみ

ジョウ

、ショウ

upper

; on (top of); over; above; superior; senior; first part (in a series of two or three); matters concerning a person;

go up

; raise; be taken up; up; show up; in terms of; (honorific) eat [drink]; express modesty; Kyoto and vicinity
上;表面;高;大;年长;完;停;(身)世;吃(尊敬语);表达谦虚;京都及其附近
上;表面;高;大;年長;完;停;(身)世;吃(尊敬語);表達謙虛;京都及其附近
위[상];위;(순서가) 앞의 쪽;올리다;윗-;높다;오르다;내다;끝내다;드시다;겸양을 나타내다;교토와 그 주변
 訓読み
upper; on (top of); over; above

うえhigher place; the upper part; the top
‖ 上にうえにon (top of); over; above; up
over

上着

うわぎouterwear (着 356)
seniorposition, level, rank
*

年上

としうえolder
first part (in a series of two or three)
*

上半期

かみはんきslightly formalthe first half of the year (期 590)
go up

上がる

あがるvi.to go [come] up; to rise; to go [come] in a house
go up; be taken up

上る

のぼるto go up (in the sense of moving upward) cf. "登る"(のぼる) to climb; to go up (step by step) 340)
Kyoto and vicinity
上方かみがたarchaicKyoto-Osaka region
音読み
superior

上手な

じょうずなgood (at); skillful (手 134)
show up
上映じょうえいscreening (of a movie)

126

した

さ(がる)

、さ(げる)

お(ろす)

お(りる)

、くだ()、くだ()

くだ(さる)

しも

もと

lower

; under; below; inferior; junior; preliminary; last part; elapse;

down

; withdraw; to grate; to fillet; use for first time; newly created; make an obvious decision; actually do; make intelligible; give (to one's subordinates); (honorific) give (to the speaker); (honorific) do (for the speaker); express a request; used for a honorific title for a dignitary; excrete; bawdy
下;内;低;拙;小;预备性的;后;下降;提取;给(我);请-;泻
下;内;低;拙;小;預備性的;後;下降;提取;給(我);請-;瀉
아래[하];아래;밑;안쪽;예비적인;(순서가) 뒤의 쪽;내리다;물러가다;인출하다;(저에게) 주시다;-십시오;배설하다
 訓読み
lower; under; below; inferior; junior

したlower place
‖ 下にしたにdown; under; below; beneath
lower
川下かわしもlower part of river
under
靴下くつしたsocks (靴= shoes

足下

あしもと «also written as "足元", "足もとat one's feet; one's step
junior
*

年下

とししたyounger
preliminary (←"groundwork"; "lowest support of a structure"
下書きしたがきdraft (copy); rough (sketch)
1  下調べしたしらべpreliminary investigation; preparation (for class, for a meeting, etc.); homework (not an assignment)
last part (in a series of two or three)
*

下半期

しもはんきslightly formalthe second half of the year (期 590)
down; withdraw

下がる

さがるvi.to go [come] down; (of a numerical value,) to fall
下げるさげるvt.to lower; to pull down;economicsvi.(of stock prices,) to lower

下りる

おりるto go [come] down (from a higher place, often by a step-by-step movement)
down; withdraw; to grate; to fillet; use for first time

下ろす

おろすto take [put] down; to unload; to withdraw (savings); to fillet (a fish taking the bones and bowels away);  «also written in hiragana or as "卸す"» to grate (radishes, etc.)
(honorific) give (to the speaker)
(Nを)下さる(Nを)くださる «often written in hiragana» honorificto give (to the speaker or a member of the speaker's group)
(honorific) do (for the speaker)
(Vて)下さる(Vて)くださる «often written in hiragana» honorificto do (for the speaker or a member of
the speaker's group)
express a request
(Nを)

下さい

(Nを)ください «often written in hiragana» Please give me ~
(Vて)下さい(Vて)ください «often written in hiragana» Please (do)
音読み
lower
廊下ろうかcorridor; hallway; (interior) passage

上下

じょうげslightly formalthe top and bottom; the upper and lower parts
under
地下ちかunderground; basement

地下鉄

ちかてつsubway (地 162; 163)
down
下降するかこうするformalto go down; to fall (降 252)
(↔ "上昇する"(じょうしょうする) formalto go up; to rise
下車するげしゃするslightly formal and subjectiveto get off
特別な読み
inferior

下手な

へたなpoor (at); unskillful (手 134)

127

ひだり

left

; (described) in the following; evidentiary thing; Senior (Minister of State in Early Period); less important position; bibulous
左;降级(调职);爱喝酒的左;降級(調職);愛喝酒的
왼[좌];왼쪽;좌익;증거가 되는 것;(율령관제의) 상위의 (대신);보다 중요하지 않은 위치;술을 좋아하는
 訓読み
left

ひだりleft

左上

ひだりうえthe upper left
音読み
left

左右

さゆうleft and right
*

左折する

させつするformalto turn to the left (折 543)
(≒ "左へ曲がる"(ひだりへまがる) to turn to the left)(曲 341)
bibulous
左党さとうarchaicperson fond of alcohol (as opposed to sweets)

128

みぎ

ユウ

right (side)

; something just mentioned; surpassing position; most helpful and reliable; Junior (Minister of State in Early Period)
右;如上;胜过的;依靠的右;如上;勝過的;依靠的
오른[우];오른쪽;우익;이제까지 말한 내용;상위;(율령관제의) 하위의 (대신)
 訓読み
right (side); something just mentioned; surpassing position

みぎright
right (side)

右下

みぎしたthe lower right
音読み
right (side)

左右

さゆうright and left
*

右折する

うせつするformalto turn to the right (折 543)
(≒ "右へ曲がる"(みぎへまがる) to turn to the right)(曲 341)

129

あいだ

カン

ケン

space (between)

; interval; period (of time); several days ago; range (within); room; relationship (between); timing; situational appropriateness; watch for an unguarded moment
间;空隙;时间;前些时候;关系;合适的状态間;空隙;時間;前些時候;關係;合適的狀態
사이[간];사이;요전;방;타이밍;상황에서의 적절성
 訓読み
space (between); interval; period (of time); range (within); relationship (between)

あいだbetween; among; during; interval
‖ 目と目の間に鼻があります。めとめのあいだにはながあります。There is a nose between eyes. (目 137)
several days ago
この間このあいだthe other day; several days ago
timing

間に合う

まにあうto be [get, reach] in time (合う 300)
‖ 授業(の時間)に間に合いました。じゅぎょう(のじかん)にまにあいました。I was in time for class. (授 325; 326)
‖ 飛行機(の時間)に間に合いました。ひこうき(のじかん)にまにあいました。I was in time for the plane. (飛 339; 354)
situational appropriateness
間違えるまちがえる «often written in hiragana» vt.to make a mistake; to mistake (違 317)
間違うまちがう «often written in hiragana»
   vi.in ta-form or teiru-formto be mistaken; to be wrong
   vt.colloquial and subjectiveto make a mistake; to mistakeIn colloquial speech, there is a connotation of carelessness.
間違いまちがいmistake; something wrong
音読み
space (between); interval; period (of time); range (within)
中間ちゅうかんslightly formalcenter; middle
‖ 中間試験ちゅうかんしけんmid-term exam (試 327; 328)
‖ 中間テストちゅうかんてすと(= 中間試験)
period (of time)

時間

じかんtime
一週間いっしゅうかんone week; (for) a week

(period of time)

~かんfor; during; in

2年間

にねんかんfor two years
range (within)

世間

せけんslightly archaicworld (closely related to one's activities); people (closely related to one's activities) (世 262)
relationship (between)

人間

にんげんslightly formal and objectivehuman being

130

ひがし

トウ

east

; the East (as Asia)
동녘[동];동쪽;동양
 訓読み
east

ひがしeast

東アジア

ひがしあじあEast Asia
音読み
east

東京

とうきょうproper nameTokyo (place name)

関東

かんとうproper nameKantōregion (southeast region of Japan including Tokyo) (< an abbreviation of "関東地方") (関 498)
関東地方かんとうちほうproper nameKantō region (the southeast part of Honshū Island, and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gunma.)

東洋

とうようformalthe Eastern world; the Orient (especially East, South and Southeast Asia)(洋 408)
東海地方とうかいちほうproper nameTōkai region (a region along the Pacific Ocean in central Honshū Island. Generally, it consists of the prefectures of Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and southern part of Gifu.

131
西

にし

セイ

サイ

west

; Western; Spain
西西서녘[서];서쪽;서양의;스페인
 訓読み
west

西

にしwest
*

西ヨーロッパ

にしよーろっぱWest Europe
音読み
west

西洋

せいようformalthe Western world; the Occident (洋 408)

関西

かんさいproper nameKansai region (southern-central region of Japan including Osaka) (関 498)

東西

とうざいeast and west
東西線とうざいせんproper nameTōzai (east-west) Line (of the subway)
Western (< an abbreviation of "西洋"
西暦せいれきChristian Era; Anno Domini; A.D. (暦= calendar
Spain (< an abbreviation of "西班牙"(スペイン))
西和辞典せいわじてんSpanish-Japanese dictionary (和 407)

132

きた

ホク

north

; turn one's back on the enemy
북녘[북];북쪽 / 달아날[배];적에게 등을 돌리다
 訓読み
north

きたnorth
*

北アフリカ

きたあふりかNorth Africa
音読み
north

東北地方

とうほくちほうproper nameTōhoku Region (the northeasternmost part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Miyagi, Yamagata and Fukushima.) (地 162)
*

北東

ほくとうnortheast
*北西ほくせいnorthwest

北海道

ほっかいどうproper nameHokkaidō (comprising the main island of Hokkaidō and its surrounding smaller islands and islets, located to the north of Honshū Island); Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture; Hokkaidō Government (海 217; 216)
北海道地方ほっかいどうちほうproper nameHokkaidō region (consisting of only Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture)
北陸地方ほくりくちほうproper nameHokuriku region (a region along the Sea of Japan within the Chūbu region, It consists of the prefectures of Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata, or of the three prefectures excluding Niigata.)
*北上するほくじょうするformalto go up north
‖ 台風が北上するたいふうがほくじょうするof the typhoon, to move northward

133

みなみ

ナン

、ナ

south

남녘[남];남쪽
 訓読み
south

みなみsouth
*

南アメリカ

みなみあめりかSouth America
音読み
south
*

東南アジア

とうなんあじあSoutheast Asia
*

南東

なんとうsoutheast
*

南西

なんせいsouthwest

南北

なんぼくnorth and south
南北線なんぼくせんproper nameNanboku (north-south) Line (of the subway)
*東西南北とうざいなんぼくnorth, south, east and west
*南下するなんかするformalto go down south
‖ 11月ごろ白鳥が南下するじゅういちがつごろはくちょうがなんかするof the swan, to migrate southward around November

134

、た

シュ

hand

; means; skill;

person

(engaged in particular duties); labor; write down; performer of an action; type; horizontal direction; geographical feature; connection; wound; <certificate of payment>
手;劳力;记下来;-的人;种类;水平方向;地形;关系;伤;<票据>
手;勞力;記下來;-的人;種類;水平方向;地形;關係;傷;<票據>
손[수];손;수단;솜씨;-수;적다;-꾼;종류;수평방향;지형;상처;<어음>
 訓読み
hand; means; labor; connection

hand; hand and arm
hand; horizontal direction
*

右手

みぎてright hand; (on) the right(-hand)
*

左手

ひだりてleft hand; (on) the left(-hand)
hand
お手洗いおてあらいpolite and slightly archaicrestroom; toilet; bathroom
手袋てぶくろglove; mitten (袋 437)
手形てがたhandprint (形 319)
*手書きてがきhandwriting
*手作りのてづくりのhandmade; hand-crafted; homemade; homegrown
means
手続きてつづきprocedure; formalities (続 540)
skill
苦手なにがてな(mentally) not good at; tough to deal with; something disliked (苦 449)
labor
手伝うてつだうto help (someone with something); to assist (someone in doing); to contribute to (伝 419)
write down

手紙

てがみletter
手帳てちょうpocket notebook; memorandum book
*手形てがたeconomicsnote of hand [promissory note]; bill of exchange;archaiccertificate of payment (形 319)
performer of an action
相手あいてcompanion; partner; opponent (in sports); the person one is speaking to; the other person (相 560)
type
派手なはでなshowy; flashy; gaudy; garish
<abbreviation of "手形" (certificate of payment)>

切手

きって(postage) stamp (< etymologically, an abbreviation of "切符手形"(きりふてがた))
‖ 切手を貼るきってをはるto put a stamp on an envelope [a postcard] (貼= stick on
音読み
hand
*手動しゅどうslightly formalmanual operation (動 254)
person (engaged in particular duties)person (with a certain skill) engaged in particular duties
運転手うんてんしゅdriver; professional driver (運転= driving; 302; 165)

歌手

かしゅsinger (歌 176)
特別な読み
skill

上手な

じょうずなgood (at); skillful
‖ 彼は絵が上手です。かれはえがじょうずです。He paints well.; He is good at drawing. (絵 173)

下手な

へたなpoor (at); unskillful
‖ 私はサッカーが下手です。わたしはさっかーがへたです。I'm bad [poor] at soccer.

135

あし

た(りる)

た(す)

、た()

ソク

foot

; foot and leg; step; means of traffic;

enough

; worth; add; counter for footwear
足;脚;脚和腿;脚步;交通工具;值得;加;-双(表示鞋和袜子的量詞)
足;腳;腳和腿;腳步;交通工具;值得;加;-雙(表示鞋和襪子的量詞)
발[족];발;다리;걸음;교통수단;족하다;만하다;더하다;켤레
 訓読み
foot; foot and leg; step; means of traffic

あし «also written as "脚(あし)" in the sense of 'leg'» foot; leg; means of traffic
foot; foot and leg;
*

右足

みぎあしright foot; right leg
*

左足

ひだりあしleft foot; left leg
*

手足

てあしarms and legs; hands and feet
foot
足下あしもと «also written as "足元", "足もとat one's feet; one's step
enough

足りる

たりるto be enough; to be sufficient
‖ お金が足りません。おかねがたりません。I don't have enough money (to buy something).; I'm short of money.
add

足す

たすto add
‖ ポットに水を足すぽっとにみずをたすto add water to a pot
音読み
step
遠足えんそく(school) excursion
1  発足するほっそくするformal(of an organization,) to start
enough

不足する

ふそくするformalto run short; to be in short supply
~不足~ぶそくn.lack of ~
‖ 運動不足うんどうぶそくlack of (physical) exercise; physical inactivity (運 302; 254)
‖ 睡眠不足すいみんぶそくobjectivesleep deprivation; lack of sleep; insufficient sleep (眠 392)
*寝不足ねぶそくsubjectivelack of sleep; sleep deprived
満足なまんぞくなsatisfied; contented; content; satisfactory; satisfying (満 557)
counter for footwear
2足にそくtwo pair of (shoes, socks)

136

くち

コウ

mouth

; opening; beginning; eating; the number of people; unit (of contribution); type; manner; spoken words
口;嘴;门;交易;头;股(份);种类;法;话语口;嘴;門;交易;頭;股(份);種類;法;話語
입[구];입;출입구;거래;시작;끄트머리;먹음;사람의 수;몫(출자의 단위);종류;방법;말
 訓読み
mouth; opening; beginning; eating; the number of people; type; spoken words

くちmouth
mouth

入り口入口)

いりぐちentrance (入 249)
出口でぐちexit (出 250)

東口

ひがしぐちeast entrance [exit]

西口

にしぐちwest entrance [exit]

南口

みなみぐちsouth entrance [exit]

北口

きたぐちnorth entrance [exit]
*非常口ひじょうぐちemergency exit (非 507; 572)
改札口かいさつぐちticket gate; ticket barrier
opening (←"opening to go in and out"
窓口まどぐち(ticket or teller) window [counter]; contact point [person] for negotiations (窓 204)
働き口はたらきぐちjob (opening)
音読み
opening (←"opening to go in and out"
口座こうざ(bank) account;businessaccount (in bookkeeping); journal [account] (in accounting transaction) (座 292)
the number of people (←"mouth to feed"

人口

じんこうpopulation (the total number of people)
spoken words
*

口調

くちょうslightly formaltone (of voice); manner (of talking) (調 287)

137

モク

、ボク

eye

; dot-like thing; opening of mesh; linear pattern; graduation (of a scale); juncture;

suffix indicating ordinal number

; somewhat of a degree; item; list; order (taxonomic rank); look; sight; something visible; (bitter) experience
目;眼睛;视力;眼;孔;格子;纹理;刻度;界限;第;一点;眼力;可见部分;(辛酸)经验
目;眼睛;視力;眼;孔;格子;紋理;刻度;界限;第;一點;眼力;可見部分;(辛酸)經驗
눈[목];눈;점 모양의 것;틈;선 무늬;경계점;-째;약간정도;항목;목록;목 (생물학);눈에 보이는 것;(쓰라린) 경험
 訓読み
eye; dot-like thing; opening of mesh; linear pattern; graduation (of a scale); juncture; look; sight; (bitter) experience

eye; eyesight
‖ ミラーさんは目がいいです。みらーさんはめがいいです。Mr Miller has very good eyesight.
eye

右目

みぎめright eye

左目

ひだりめleft eye

目の当たり(にする)

まのあたり(にする)(to see) before one's very eyes; (to see) with one's own eyes (当 539)
dot-like thing
駄目なだめな «often written in hiragana» no good; must not do(駄= trifling; 目= go(碁) stone(In a game of go,"駄目" is a move considered to be of no value to either side.)
suffix indicating ordinal number

(number with counter suffix)

~め(the order of the things)

3つ目

みっつめthe third
~(number)番目~ばんめ~th (indicates position in a sequence) (番 202)
~(number)行目~ぎょうめ~th line
‖ 3行目さんぎょうめthe third line (from the top)
‖ 上から3行目うえからさんぎょうめthe third line from the top
‖ 下から3行目したからさんぎょうめthe third line from the bottom
~(number)丁目~ちょうめchome (city block)
look
お目にかかるおめにかかるhumble expressionto meet (someone of higher status)
sight
目覚ましめざましinformalalarm clock (< an abbreviation of "目覚まし時計")(覚 410)
*目覚まし時計めざましどけいalarm clock
音読み
item
科目かもくschool subject; subject of study (on a school curriculum); course of study; item (科 474)
list
目次もくじtable of contents (科 363)
order (taxonomic rank) smaller than a class""(こう)), bigger than a family""(か))
バラ目ばらもくbiologyorder Rosales (バラ= rose
look

目的

もくてきpurpose; aim; objective; intention (的 503)
‖ 今年の4月に日本へ来ました。目的は医学の研究です。にほんへきました。もくてきはいがくのけんきゅうです。I came to Japan in April this year. The purpose is medical research.
注目するちゅうもくするto take note (of); to keep an eye (on)

138

みみ

ear

; hearing; edge
耳;听到;边耳;聽到;邊귀[이];귀;들리다
 訓読み
ear; hearing; edge

みみear; hearing; crust (of a slice of bread); selvage (of fabric); edge (of paper)
‖ 先生は耳がいいです。せんせいはみみがいいです。The teacher has good hearing.
ear
*

右耳

みぎみみright ear
*

左耳

ひだりみみleft ear
音読み
ear
1  

耳鼻科

じびかotorhinology; ear, nose, and throat department;colloquialear, nose, and throat clinic [office] (< officially, "耳鼻咽喉科"(じびいんこうか))(鼻(はな)= nose; 474)





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