日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第9課
139
子
ⓐ child
; ⓑ son; ⓒ the young; ⓓ person; ⓔ offspring; ⓕ roe or egg; ⓖ seed; ⓗ germ cell; ⓘ subordinate; ⓙ nest of boxes; ⓚ noun-forming suffix; ⓛ the fourth of five peerage ranks; ⓜ the first sign of the Chinese zodiac
/孩子;子;(从长辈看的)年轻人;套匣/孩子;子;(從長輩看的)年輕人;套匣
/아들[자];아이;자식;아들;남자;(연장자가 보는)젊은이;사람;파생물;알;씨;생식 세포;종속적 존재;중첩 상자;-자;자작;십이지의 첫째
訓読み
ⓐ child; ⓒ the young (in the eyes of a senior)
子
こ 《formal when there is no modifier》(one's) child;
《slightly formal when there is a modifier》child
あの子 あのこ that child;《informal》she [he] (sometimes used by a senior to refer to a young person)
男の子 おとこのこ boy
女の子 おんなのこ girl
ⓐ child
子ども
こども «also written as "子供"» child
お子さん おこさん 《polite》(other family's) child
* 親子 おやこ parent and child
迷子 まいご lost child (迷= lose one's way)
ⓑ son
息子 むすこ son (from the viewpoint of the parent) (息 ➦520)
ⓔ offspring
* 竹の子 たけのこ 〈also written as "筍"〉 bamboo shoot (息 ➦365)
ⓕ roe or egg
玉子 たまご chicken egg for food (except "生卵"(なまたまご)) (cf. 卵 ➦608; 玉(たま)= ball)
ⓚ noun-forming suffix (element for forming female names)
友子(さん)
ともこ(さん) 《proper name》(given name) (友 ➦145)
音読み
ⓐ child; ⓑ son
‡ 子女 しじょ 《very formal》sons and daughters; children; daughter; girl
‖ 帰国子女 きこくしじょ returnee children [student]
ⓑ son
王子 おうじ prince (王 ➦371)
ⓓ person
男子 だんし 《slightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sport》man; male person
女子 じょし 《slightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sport》woman; female
ⓔ offspring
1 利子 りし 《formal》(financial) interest
ⓘ subordinate
弟子 でし disciple; pupil (in artistic accomplishments); apprentice (in a craft)
1 ↓分子 ぶんし 《mathematics》numerator
ⓚ noun-forming suffix (suffix for small objects)
電子 でんし electron
‡ 電子辞書 でんしじしょ electronic dictionary
電子書籍 でんししょせき ebook
* 電子レンジ でんしれんじ microwave (oven) ("レンジ" is derived from 'kitchen range'.)
1 原子 げんし 《chemistry》atom (原 ➦582)
1 ↑分子 ぶんし 《chemistry》molecule
ⓚ noun-forming suffix (suffix to adjust the tone of a word)
↓菓子 かし confectionery; sweet (菓 ➦614)
↑お菓子 おかし 《polite or colloquial》confectionery; sweet
調子 ちょうし condition (of health or machines); tone (調 ➦287)
様子 ようす state of looking; situation; appearance; look; sign (様 ➦523)
椅子
いす «often written in hiragana» chair
ⓛ the fourth of five peerage ranks
‡ 子爵 ししゃく 《archaic or formal》viscount
ⓜ the first sign of the Chinese zodiac - rat (indicating around the time of 0 a.m., the year divided by 12 leaves remainder 4, and the direction of north)
‡ 子午線 しごせん 《geography》meridian
140
男
ⓐ man
; ⓑ son; ⓒ the fifth of five peerage ranks
/男/男/사내[남];남자;아들;남작
訓読み
ⓐ man
男
おとこ 《objective; sometimes with some kind of bad connotation or rough-spoken》man; male person; manly man; manly reputation
男の人
おとこのひと man; male person
音読み
ⓐ man
男性
だんせい 《formal or polite》man; male person (性 ➦504)
男子
だんし 《slightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sport》man; male person
ⓑ son
長男
ちょうなん the eldest son (長 ➦237)
* 次男 じなん «also written as "二男"» one's second son
ⓒ the fifth of five peerage ranks
‡ 男爵 だんしゃく 《archaic or formal》baron
141
女
/女/女/여자[녀]([여]);여자;딸
訓読み
ⓐ woman
女
おんな 《objective; sometimes with some kind of bad connotation or rough-spoken》woman; female person
女の人
おんなのひと woman; female person
* 女神
めがみ goddess (神 ➦207)
音読み
ⓐ woman
女性
じょせい 《formal or polite》woman; female person (性 ➦504)
女子
じょし 《slightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sport》woman; female person
男女
だんじょ 《formal》man and woman
女房
にょうぼう(/にょうぼ) 《colloquial and slightly archaic》wife
ⓑ daughter
長女 ちょうじょ the eldest daughter (長 ➦237)
* 次女 じじょ «also written as "二女"» one's second daughter
142
彼
ⓐ the other side; ⓑ he
; ⓒ boyfriend
/彼;他;男朋友/彼;他;男朋友/저[피];건너 편;그(사람);그이
訓読み
ⓑ he; ⓒ boyfriend
かれ boyfriend (=彼氏(かれし))
彼女
かのじょ 《slightly formal》she
かのじょ girlfriend
ⓒ boyfriend
* 彼氏 かれし boyfriend (氏= family name(《formal》); a term referring to a person)
音読み
ⓐ the other side
* 彼岸
ひがん equinoctial week (memorial days for ancestors there);《Buddhism》the other side of a river (that refers to the state of enlightenment escaped earthly desires, as opposed to 'this side' that is this world filled with earthly desires and doubt)
143
父
/父/父/아버지[부];아버지
訓読み
◎ father
父親
ちちおや male parent; father
‡ 父方の ちちかたの 《formal》paternal
音読み
◎ father
祖父
そふ 《formal》grandfather (祖 ➦157)
特別な読み
◎ father
お父さん
おとうさん 《polite》(other family's) father;《vocative》(vocative for one's father)
伯父 おじ uncle (one's parent's elder brother)
叔父 おじ uncle (one's parent's younger brother)
144
母
ⓐ mother
; ⓑ base; ⓒ home place
/母;祖(国);主/母;祖(國);主/어머니[모];어머니;기반;주요한;근거지;출신지
訓読み
ⓐ mother
母親
ははおや female parent; mother
‡ 母方の ははかたの 《formal》maternal
音読み
ⓐ mother
祖母
そぼ 《formal》grandmother (祖 ➦157)
父母 ふぼ 《very formal》parents
* 祖父母 そふぼ 《formal》grandparents
ⓑ base
‡ 母集団 ぼしゅうだん 《statistics》(parent) population
1 分母 ぶんぼ 《mathematics》denominator (cf. "分子"(ぶんし) numerator)
‡ 母音 ぼいん 《linguistics》vowel
ⓒ home place
1 母国 ぼこく 《formal》one's home country
1 母校 ぼこう 《subjective》one's old school; one's alma mater
‡ 母語 ぼご 《linguistics》mother tongue; native [first] language
‡ 母国語 ぼこくご native language (national language of one's mother country);《popularly used》mother tongue
特別な読み
ⓐ mother
お母さん
おかあさん 《polite》(other family's) mother;《vocative》(vocative for one's mother)
伯母 おば aunt (one's parent's elder sister)
叔母 おば aunt (one's parent's younger sister)
145
友
/友;朋友/友;朋友/벗[우];친구;친한 사이
訓読み
ⓐ friend
音読み
ⓐ friend
146
達
ⓐ smoothly get through; ⓑ reach; ⓒ well versed; ⓓ notice; ⓔ suffix for pluralizing
/达;们/達;們/통달할[달];쉽게 통하다;달하다;익숙하다;통지;복수를 나타내는 접미사
音読み
ⓐ smoothly get through
‡ 闊達な かったつな 《formal》open-minded (discussion); free-wheeling (style)
ⓑ reach
1 達する たっする 《formal》to reach; to attain
速達 そくたつ express mail (速 ➦244)
配達
はいたつ delivery (配 ➦286)
1 到達する とうたつする 《formal》to arive; to attain (到 ➦355)
発達する はったつする to develop; to grow (発 ➦333)
ⓒ well versed
上達する じょうたつする 《slightly formal》to make progress
達成する たっせいする 《formal》to achieve (成 ➦559)
特別な読み
ⓔ suffix for pluralizing (phonetic equivalent)
私達(私たち) わたしたち «"達", officially written in hiragana» 《formal in the case of the use by a male》we
* 子供達(子どもたち) こどもたち «"達", officially written in hiragana» children
* あの人達(あの人たち) あのひとたち «"達", officially written in hiragana» they
友達
ともだち «"達", often written in hiragana» friend(etymologically, plural)
147
家
ⓐ house
; ⓑ family; ⓒ suffix indicating a specialist; ⓓ suffix indicating a person with a certain characteristic
/家;房子;爱…的人/家;房子;愛…的人/집[가];집;-씨 집안;-가
訓読み
ⓐ house; ⓑ family
家
いえ 《objective》house;《slightly formal》home; family
NOTE: 'うち' is officially written in hiragana.
ⓐ house
家賃
やちん (house) rent (賃= charges)
* 借家 しゃくや 《formal》rented house
音読み
ⓐ house
家事 かじ housework; household affairs (事 ➦117)
家具 かぐ (household) furniture (具 ➦606)
1 実家 じっか one's parents' home (実 ➦330)
ⓑ family
家庭 かてい 《slightly formal》home; family (a place where a family lives) (庭 ➦630)
家内 かない 《slightly archaic》my wife (内 ➦361)
《formal》family member(―安全(―あんぜん), ―工業(―こうぎょう), etc.)
1 家計 かけい 《slightly formal》family finances; family [household] budget; household expenses
農家 のうか farm household; farm family; farmer (農 ➦482)
国家 こっか 《formal》nation; state; country
* ~(family name)家 ~け 《formal》~ family
‖ 中川家 なかがわけ 《proper name; formal》Nakagawa family
‖ ハプスブルク家 はぷすぶるくけ 《proper name》the House of Habsburg
ⓒ suffix indicating a specialist
画家 がか painter (画 ➦172)
* 音楽家 おんがくか musician (especially of classical music) (音 ➦174; 楽 ➦175)
* 小説家 しょうせつか novelist (説 ➦305)
作家 さっか author; (professional) writer (作 ➦291)
* 専門家 せんもんか specialist; expert; professional (専 ➦483; 門 ➦198)
* 政治家 せいじか politician; statesman (政 ➦472; 治 ➦473)
ⓓ suffix indicating a person with a certain characteristic
* 活動家 かつどうか activist (活 ➦400; 動 ➦254)
‡ 愛煙家 あいえんか 《slightly archaic》person who loves smoking; habitual smoker (愛= love; 煙= smoke)
148
族
ⓐ clan
; ⓑ members of the same group
/族/族/겨레[족];일족;같은 그룹의 멤버
音読み
ⓐ clan
* 親族 しんぞく 《formal》relative (member of one's family)
1 民族 みんぞく 《slightly formal》nation [race] (as people sharing common customs and cultures); ethnic group (民 ➦273)
ⓑ members of the same group
1 貴族 きぞく aristocrat; nobleman; noblewoman; the nobility; the aristocracy (貴= noble)
水族館 すいぞくかん aquarium (館 ➦193)
149
兄
ⓐ elder brother
; ⓑ courtesy title for man
/兄;哥/兄;哥/형[형];형;오빠;형님
訓読み
ⓐ elder brother
兄
あに 《slightly formal》elder brother
音読み
ⓐ elder brother
‡ 父兄 ふけい 《archaic》parent [guardian] of a school student
‡ 義兄 ぎけい 《very formal》(elder) brother-in-law(=義理の兄(ぎりのあに))
特別な読み
ⓐ elder brother
お兄さん
おにいさん elder brother; young man;《vocative》(vocative for one's elder brother); young man
150
弟
ⓐ younger brother
; ⓑ disciple; ⓒ juvenile
/弟;徒/弟;徒/아우[제];남동생;제자;연소자
訓読み
ⓐ younger brother
↑弟さん おとうとさん 《polite》(other family's) younger brother
音読み
ⓐ younger brother
‡ 実弟 じってい 《very formal》real younger brother(= 実の弟(じつのおとうと)) (実 ➦330)
ⓑ disciple
1 弟子
でし disciple; pupil (in artistic accomplishments); apprentice (in a craft)
ⓒ juvenile
‡ 子弟 してい 《very formal》child; young people
151
姉
ⓐ elder sister
; ⓑ courtesy title for woman
/姐;姊/姐;姊/손위 누이[자];누나;언니;누님
訓読み
ⓐ elder sister
姉
あね 《slightly formal》elder sister
音読み
ⓐ elder sister
‡ 姉妹都市 しまいとし sister city (都 ➦266; 市 ➦269)
特別な読み
ⓐ elder sister
お姉さん
おねえさん elder sister; young lady;《vocative》(vocative for one's elder sister); young lady
152
妹
/妹/妹/손아래 누이[매];여동생
訓読み
◎ younger sister
↑妹さん いもうとさん 《polite》(other family's) younger sister
音読み
◎ younger sister
‡ 姉妹都市 しまいとし sister city (都 ➦266; 市 ➦269)
153
夫
ⓐ adult male; ⓑ husband
; ⓒ support (a husband); ⓓ manual laborer
/夫;丈夫/夫;丈夫/지아비[부];(장부);남편;(남편을) 돕다;육체 노동자
訓読み
ⓑ husband
音読み
ⓐ adult male
‡↓丈夫 じょうふ 《archaic》adult male; respectable man; valiant man
↑丈夫な じょうぶな (←"state of being firm and sure" ←"adult male")
(of a person,) healthy (in a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease);
(of a thing,) strong (capable of withstanding great force or aging degradation); tough; heavy duty; durable; sturdy
大丈夫な
だいじょうぶな 《informal》all right; safe (←"sturdy" ←"respectable adult male")
‖ 大丈夫です。 だいじょうぶです。 I'm OK.; Don't worry.;《recent use, popularly used but inappropriate usage》No, thank you.
ⓑ husband
夫妻 ふさい 《formal》husband and wife; married couple
‖ 山本夫妻 やまもとふさい 《proper name, formal》Mr. and Mrs. Yamamoto
夫婦
ふうふ husband and wife; married couple (婦 ➦527)
* ご夫婦 ごふうふ 《polite》(other family's) husband and wife; married couple
ⓒ support (a husband)
夫人 ふじん 《formal》honorific title of someone's wife ("夫" < "扶" = to support (a husband))
‖ キュリー夫人 きゅりーふじん 《proper name》Madame Curie
ⓓ manual laborer
‡ 水夫 すいふ 《archaic》deck hands; sailor
*↓工夫 こうふ 《archaic》navvy; construction laborer
↑工夫 くふう ingenuity; device; idea (←"various activity and labor"(工= manufacture; craftsmanship ➦481))
154
妻
/妻;一端/妻;一端/아내[처];아내;한쪽 끝
訓読み
ⓐ wife
ⓑ one end
‡ 切妻 きりづま 《architecture》gable
音読み
ⓐ wife
夫妻
ふさい 《formal》husband and wife; married couple
‖ 山本夫妻 やまもとふさい 《proper name, formal》Mr. and Mrs. Yamamoto
155
主
ⓐ main; ⓑ master
; ⓒ chief; ⓓ owner; ⓔ doer of a deed; ⓕ subjective; ⓖ advocate
/主/主/주인[주];주되다;주인;중심인물;임자;지배자;주체;주장하다
訓読み
ⓐ main
主な
おもな 《slightly formal》main
ⓑ master (central figure); ⓔ doer of a deed
1 ↓主 ぬし 《slightly archaic》head (of a family); writer (of the letter)
ⓓ owner
* 持ち主
もちぬし owner; possessor (持 ➦259)
* 飼い主 かいぬし (pet) owner (飼= have [keep] (a pet or livestock))
ⓔ doer of a deed
‡ 送り主 おくりぬし 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》sender
音読み
ⓐ main (central role)
主要な しゅような 《formal》main; major; principal; primary (要 ➦494)
主張 しゅちょう insistence; claim; assertion; opinion
主義 しゅぎ principle (for personal conduct); -ism; (political) doctrine (義= principle)
* 民主主義 みんしゅしゅぎ democracy (民 ➦273)
1 主食 しゅしょく staple [principal] food [diet]
1 主人公 しゅじんこう hero [heroine] (of a story); protagonist; main character (公 ➦205)
1 主題 しゅだい 《slightly formal》topic; subject (題 ➦321)
ⓑ master (central figure)
主人
しゅじん head of a family [household]; shopkeeper; storekeeper; landlord; master (of a servant, a dog, etc.)
ご主人
ごしゅじん 《polite or vocative》(other family's) husband(← polite word of "主人")
主婦 しゅふ housewife (婦 ➦527)
1 君主 くんしゅ 《formal》monarch; sovereign (君 ➦524)
‡↑主 しゅ 《Christianity》the Lord;《Judaism》Adonai
ⓒ chief
* 主将 しゅしょう captain (of the team) (将 ➦586)
ⓕ subjective
主語 しゅご 《grammar》subject (word)
156
奥
ⓐ innermost part (place far from the entrance); ⓑ(other's) wife
/奥;深处;夫人/奧;深處;夫人/속[오];깊숙한 곳;부인
訓読み
ⓐ innermost part (place far from the entrance)
奥
おく innermost part (place far from the entrance)
* 奥の方 おくのほう the depths (of ...)
‡ 山奥 やまおく depths of the mountain
ⓑ(other's) wife
奥さん
おくさん 《polite or vocative》(other family's) wife;《vocative》lady [madam]
奥様
おくさま 《vocative and very polite》(other family's) wife;《vocative and polite》lady [madam] (様 ➦523)
音読み
ⓐ innermost part (place far from the entrance)
‡ 奥義 おうぎ 《formal》innermost secrets [essence] (of sciences, practical arts, etc.) (義= principle)
157
祖
ⓐ ancestor; ⓑ grandparent
; ⓒ founder
/祖;外祖/祖;外祖/할아버지[조];조상;조부모;창시자
音読み
ⓐ ancestor
先祖 せんぞ forefather
祖先 そせん 《formal》ancestor
ⓑ grandparent
祖父
そふ 《formal》grandfather
祖母
そぼ 《formal》grandmother
* 祖父母
そふぼ 《formal》grandparents
ⓒ founder
‡ 祖 そ 《formal》founder; pioneer
* 元祖 がんそ originator
* 教祖 きょうそ founder (of a religious sect)
158
犬
/犬;狗/犬;狗/개[견];개
訓読み
◎ dog
音読み
◎ dog
* 愛犬 あいけん pet dog (愛= love; beloved)