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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第9課
139

child

; son; the young; person; offspring; roe or egg; seed; germ cell; subordinate; nest of boxes; noun-forming suffix; the fourth of five peerage ranks; the first sign of the Chinese zodiac
孩子;子;(从长辈看的)年轻人;套匣孩子;子;(從長輩看的)年輕人;套匣
아들[자];아이;자식;아들;남자;(연장자가 보는)젊은이;사람;파생물;알;씨;생식 세포;종속적 존재;중첩 상자;-자;자작;십이지의 첫째
 訓読み
child; the young (in the eyes of a senior)

formal when there is no modifier(one's) child;
     slightly formal when there is a modifierchild
あの子あのこthat child;informalshe [he] (sometimes used by a senior to refer to a young person)
男の子おとこのこboy
女の子おんなのこgirl
child

子ども

こども «also written as "子供child
お子さんおこさんpolite(other family's) child
*親子おやこparent and child
迷子まいごlost child (迷= lose one's way
son
息子むすこson (from the viewpoint of the parent) (息 520)
offspring
*竹の子たけのこalso written as ""bamboo shoot (息 365)
roe or egg
玉子たまごchicken egg for food (except "生卵"(なまたまご)) cf. 608; 玉(たま)= ball
noun-forming suffix (element for forming female names)

友子さん)

ともこさん)proper name(given name) (友 145)
音読み
child; son
子女しじょvery formalsons and daughters; children; daughter; girl
‖ 帰国子女きこくしじょreturnee children [student]
son
王子おうじprince (王 371)
person
男子だんしslightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sportman; male person
女子じょしslightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sportwoman; female
offspring
1  利子りしformal(financial) interest
subordinate
弟子でしdisciple; pupil (in artistic accomplishments); apprentice (in a craft)
1分子ぶんしmathematicsnumerator
noun-forming suffix (suffix for small objects)
電子でんしelectron
電子辞書でんしじしょelectronic dictionary
電子書籍でんししょせきebook
*電子レンジでんしれんじmicrowave (oven) "レンジ" is derived from 'kitchen range'.
1  原子げんしchemistryatom (原 582)
1分子ぶんしchemistrymolecule
noun-forming suffix (suffix to adjust the tone of a word)
菓子かしconfectionery; sweet (菓 614)
お菓子おかしpolite or colloquialconfectionery; sweet

帽子

ぼうしhat; cap
調子ちょうしcondition (of health or machines); tone (調 287)
様子ようすstate of looking; situation; appearance; look; sign (様 523)

椅子

いす «often written in hiragana» chair
the fourth of five peerage ranks
子爵ししゃくarchaic or formalviscount
the first sign of the Chinese zodiac - rat indicating around the time of 0 a.m., the year divided by 12 leaves remainder 4, and the direction of north)
子午線しごせんgeographymeridian

140

おとこ

ダン

ナン

man

; son; the fifth of five peerage ranks
사내[남];남자;아들;남작
 訓読み
man

おとこobjective; sometimes with some kind of bad connotation or rough-spokenman; male person; manly man; manly reputation

男の人

おとこのひとman; male person

男の子

おとこのこboy
音読み
man

男性

だんせいformal or politeman; male person (性 504)

男子

だんしslightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sportman; male person
son

長男

ちょうなんthe eldest son (長 237)
*次男じなん «also written as "二男one's second son
the fifth of five peerage ranks
男爵だんしゃくarchaic or formalbaron

141

おんな

ジョ

ニョウ

、ニョ

woman

; daughter
여자[녀]([여]);여자;딸
 訓読み
woman

おんなobjective; sometimes with some kind of bad connotation or rough-spokenwoman; female person

女の人

おんなのひとwoman; female person

女の子

おんなのこgirl
*

女神

めがみgoddess (神 207)
音読み
woman

女性

じょせいformal or politewoman; female person (性 504)

女子

じょしslightly formal; used for a student, a toilet and a sportwoman; female person

男女

だんじょformalman and woman

女房

にょうぼう(/にょうぼ)colloquial and slightly archaicwife
daughter
長女ちょうじょthe eldest daughter (長 237)
*次女じじょ «also written as "二女one's second daughter

142

かれ

かの

the other side;

he

; boyfriend
彼;他;男朋友彼;他;男朋友저[피];건너 편;그(사람);그이
 訓読み
he; boyfriend

かれslightly formalhe
   かれboyfriend (=彼氏(かれし))

彼女

かのじょslightly formalshe
    かのじょgirlfriend
boyfriend
*彼氏かれしboyfriend (氏= family name(《formal》); a term referring to a person
音読み
the other side
*

彼岸

ひがんequinoctial week (memorial days for ancestors there);Buddhismthe other side of a river (that refers to the state of enlightenment escaped earthly desires, as opposed to 'this side' that is this world filled with earthly desires and doubt)

143

ちち

father

아버지[부];아버지
 訓読み
father

ちちformalfather

父親

ちちおやmale parent; father
父方のちちかたのformalpaternal
音読み
father

祖父

そふformalgrandfather (祖 157)
特別な読み
father

お父さん

おとうさんpolite(other family's) father;vocative(vocative for one's father)
伯父おじuncle (one's parent's elder brother)
叔父おじuncle (one's parent's younger brother)

144

はは

mother

; base; home place
母;祖(国);主母;祖(國);主어머니[모];어머니;기반;주요한;근거지;출신지
 訓読み
mother

ははformalmother

母親

ははおやfemale parent; mother
母方のははかたのformalmaternal
音読み
mother

祖母

そぼformalgrandmother (祖 157)
父母ふぼvery formalparents
*祖父母そふぼformalgrandparents
base
母集団ぼしゅうだんstatistics(parent) population
1  分母ぶんぼmathematicsdenominator cf. "分子"(ぶんし) numerator
母音ぼいんlinguisticsvowel
home place
1  母国ぼこくformalone's home country
1  母校ぼこうsubjectiveone's old school; one's alma mater
母語ぼごlinguisticsmother tongue; native [first] language
母国語ぼこくごnative language (national language of one's mother country);popularly usedmother tongue
特別な読み
mother

お母さん

おかあさんpolite(other family's) mother;vocative(vocative for one's mother)
伯母おばaunt (one's parent's elder sister)
叔母おばaunt (one's parent's younger sister)

145

とも

ユウ

friend

; friendship
友;朋友友;朋友벗[우];친구;친한 사이
 訓読み
friend

ともarchaicfriend

友だち

(友達)ともだちfriend
音読み
friend

友人

ゆうじんformalfriend

親友

しんゆうclose friend

146

タツ

smoothly get through; reach; well versed; notice;

suffix for pluralizing

达;们達;們통달할[달];쉽게 통하다;달하다;익숙하다;통지;복수를 나타내는 접미사
音読み
smoothly get through
闊達なかったつなformalopen-minded (discussion); free-wheeling (style)
reach
1  達するたっするformalto reach; to attain
速達そくたつexpress mail (速 244)

配達

はいたつdelivery (配 286)

配達する

はいたつするto deliver
1  到達するとうたつするformalto arive; to attain (到 355)
発達するはったつするto develop; to grow (発 333)
well versed
上達するじょうたつするslightly formalto make progress
達成するたっせいするformalto achieve (成 559)
特別な読み
suffix for pluralizing (phonetic equivalent)
私達(私たち)わたしたち «"", officially written in hiragana» formal in the case of the use by a malewe
*子供達(子どもたち)こどもたち «"", officially written in hiragana» children
*あの人達(あの人たち)あのひとたち «"", officially written in hiragana» they

友達

ともだち «"", often written in hiragana» friendetymologically, plural

147

いえ

house

; family; suffix indicating a specialist; suffix indicating a person with a certain characteristic
家;房子;爱…的人家;房子;愛…的人집[가];집;-씨 집안;-가
 訓読み
house; family

いえobjectivehouse;slightly formalhome; family
  NOTE: 'うち' is officially written in hiragana.
house

家賃

やちん(house) rent (賃= charges
*借家しゃくやformalrented house
音読み
house
家事かじhousework; household affairs (事 117)
家具かぐ(household) furniture (具 606)
1  実家じっかone's parents' home (実 330)
family

家族

かぞくfamily
家庭かていslightly formalhome; family (a place where a family lives) (庭 630)
家内かないslightly archaicmy wife (内 361)
        formalfamily member(―安全(―あんぜん), ―工業(―こうぎょう), etc.
1  家計かけいslightly formalfamily finances; family [household] budget; household expenses
農家のうかfarm household; farm family; farmer (農 482)
国家こっかformalnation; state; country
*(family name)~けformal~ family
‖ 中川家なかがわけproper name; formalNakagawa family
‖ ハプスブルク家はぷすぶるくけproper namethe House of Habsburg
suffix indicating a specialist
画家がかpainter (画 172)
*音楽家おんがくかmusician (especially of classical music) (音 174; 175)
*小説家しょうせつかnovelist (説 305)
作家さっかauthor; (professional) writer (作 291)
*専門家せんもんかspecialist; expert; professional (専 483; 198)
*政治家せいじかpolitician; statesman (政 472; 473)
suffix indicating a person with a certain characteristic
*活動家かつどうかactivist (活 400; 254)
愛煙家あいえんかslightly archaicperson who loves smoking; habitual smoker (愛= love; 煙= smoke

148

ゾク

clan

; members of the same group
겨레[족];일족;같은 그룹의 멤버
音読み
clan

家族

かぞくfamily
*親族しんぞくformalrelative (member of one's family)
1  民族みんぞくslightly formalnation [race] (as people sharing common customs and cultures); ethnic group (民 273)
members of the same group
1  貴族きぞくaristocrat; nobleman; noblewoman; the nobility; the aristocracy (貴= noble
水族館すいぞくかんaquarium (館 193)

149

あに

キョウ

、ケイ

elder brother

; courtesy title for man
兄;哥兄;哥형[형];형;오빠;형님
 訓読み
elder brother

あにslightly formalelder brother
音読み
elder brother
父兄ふけいarchaicparent [guardian] of a school student
義兄ぎけいvery formal(elder) brother-in-law(=義理の兄(ぎりのあに))

兄弟

きょうだいbrothers
特別な読み
elder brother

お兄さん

おにいさんelder brother; young man;vocative(vocative for one's elder brother); young man

150

おとうと

ダイ

、テイ

younger brother

; disciple; juvenile
弟;徒弟;徒아우[제];남동생;제자;연소자
 訓読み
younger brother

おとうとyounger brother
弟さんおとうとさんpolite(other family's) younger brother
音読み
younger brother

兄弟

きょうだいbrothers
実弟じっていvery formalreal younger brother(= 実の弟(じつのおとうと)) (実 330)
disciple
1  

弟子

でしdisciple; pupil (in artistic accomplishments); apprentice (in a craft)
juvenile
子弟していvery formalchild; young people

151

あね

elder sister

; courtesy title for woman
姐;姊姐;姊손위 누이[자];누나;언니;누님
 訓読み
elder sister

あねslightly formalelder sister
音読み
elder sister

姉妹

しまいsisters
姉妹都市しまいとしsister city (都 266; 269)
特別な読み
elder sister

お姉さん

おねえさんelder sister; young lady;vocative(vocative for one's elder sister); young lady

152

いもうと

マイ

younger sister

손아래 누이[매];여동생
 訓読み
younger sister

いもうとyounger sister
妹さんいもうとさんpolite(other family's) younger sister
音読み
younger sister

姉妹

しまいsisters
姉妹都市しまいとしsister city (都 266; 269)

153

おっと

フウ

adult male;

husband

; support (a husband); manual laborer
夫;丈夫夫;丈夫지아비[부];(장부);남편;(남편을) 돕다;육체 노동자
 訓読み
husband

おっとhusband
音読み
adult male
丈夫じょうふarchaicadult male; respectable man; valiant man
丈夫なじょうぶな(←"state of being firm and sure" "adult male"
  (of a person,) healthy (in a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease);
  (of a thing,) strong (capable of withstanding great force or aging degradation); tough; heavy duty; durable; sturdy

大丈夫な

だいじょうぶなinformalall right; safe (←"sturdy" "respectable adult male"
‖ 大丈夫です。 だいじょうぶです。 I'm OK.; Don't worry.;recent use, popularly used but inappropriate usageNo, thank you.
husband
夫妻ふさいformalhusband and wife; married couple
‖ 山本夫妻やまもとふさいproper name, formalMr. and Mrs. Yamamoto

夫婦

ふうふhusband and wife; married couple (婦 527)
*ご夫婦ごふうふpolite(other family's) husband and wife; married couple
support (a husband)
夫人ふじんformalhonorific title of someone's wife "" "" to support (a husband)
‖ キュリー夫人きゅりーふじんproper nameMadame Curie
manual laborer
水夫すいふ 《archaicdeck hands; sailor
*工夫こうふarchaicnavvy; construction laborer
工夫くふうingenuity; device; idea (←"various activity and labor"(工= manufacture; craftsmanship 481))

154

つま

サイ

wife

; one end
妻;一端妻;一端아내[처];아내;한쪽 끝
 訓読み
wife

つまwife
one end
切妻きりづまarchitecturegable
音読み
wife

夫妻

ふさいformalhusband and wife; married couple
‖ 山本夫妻やまもとふさいproper name, formalMr. and Mrs. Yamamoto

155

おも

ぬし

シュ

、ス
main;

master

; chief; owner; doer of a deed; subjective; advocate
주인[주];주되다;주인;중심인물;임자;지배자;주체;주장하다
 訓読み
main

主な

おもなslightly formalmain
master (central figure); doer of a deed
1ぬしslightly archaichead (of a family); writer (of the letter)
owner
*

持ち主

もちぬしowner; possessor (持 259)
*飼い主かいぬし(pet) owner (飼= have [keep] (a pet or livestock)
doer of a deed
送り主おくりぬしslightly formal and slightly archaicsender
音読み
main (central role)
主要なしゅようなformalmain; major; principal; primary (要 494)
主張しゅちょうinsistence; claim; assertion; opinion
主義しゅぎprinciple (for personal conduct); -ism; (political) doctrine (義= principle
*民主主義みんしゅしゅぎdemocracy (民 273)
1  主食しゅしょくstaple [principal] food [diet]
1  主人公しゅじんこうhero [heroine] (of a story); protagonist; main character (公 205)
1  主題しゅだいslightly formaltopic; subject (題 321)
master (central figure)

主人

しゅじんhead of a family [household]; shopkeeper; storekeeper; landlord; master (of a servant, a dog, etc.)

ご主人

ごしゅじんpolite or vocative(other family's) husband(← polite word of "主人"
主婦しゅふhousewife (婦 527)
1  君主くんしゅformalmonarch; sovereign (君 524)
しゅChristianitythe Lord;JudaismAdonai
chief
*主将しゅしょうcaptain (of the team) (将 586)
subjective
主語しゅごgrammarsubject (word)

156

おく

オウ
innermost part (place far from the entrance); (other's)

wife

奥;深处;夫人奧;深處;夫人속[오];깊숙한 곳;부인
 訓読み
innermost part (place far from the entrance)

おくinnermost part (place far from the entrance)
*奥の方おくのほうthe depths (of ...)
山奥やまおくdepths of the mountain
(other's) wife

奥さん

おくさんpolite or vocative(other family's) wife;vocativelady [madam]

奥様

おくさまvocative and very polite(other family's) wife;vocative and politelady [madam] (様 523)
音読み
innermost part (place far from the entrance)
奥義おうぎformalinnermost secrets [essence] (of sciences, practical arts, etc.) (義= principle

157

ancestor;

grandparent

; founder
祖;外祖祖;外祖할아버지[조];조상;조부모;창시자
音読み
ancestor
先祖せんぞforefather
祖先そせんformalancestor
grandparent

祖父

そふformalgrandfather

祖母

そぼformalgrandmother
*

祖父母

そふぼformalgrandparents
founder
formalfounder; pioneer
*元祖がんそoriginator
*教祖きょうそfounder (of a religious sect)

158

いぬ

ケン

dog

犬;狗犬;狗개[견];개
 訓読み
dog

いぬdog
音読み
dog
*愛犬あいけんpet dog (愛= love; beloved

警察犬

けいさつけんpolice dog





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