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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第13課
209

あめ

あま

rain

비[우];비
 訓読み
rain

あめrain
*

大雨

おおあめheavy rain
*にわか雨にわかあめsudden shower; temporary rain
*

雨傘

あまがさslightly formalumbrella (in contrast to parasol, "日傘"(ひがさ))
1  雨具あまぐrain gear (具 606)
音読み
rain
*

雨季

うきrainy season (季 < "季節"(きせつ) season; 463))
(↔ "乾季"(かんき) dry season
梅雨ばいうformalthe rainy season in early summer
特別な読み
rain

梅雨

つゆthe rainy season in early summer

210

ゆき

セツ

snow

; wipe out
눈[설];눈;(치욕을) 씻다
 訓読み
snow

ゆきsnow
*

大雪

おおゆきheavy snow [snowfall]
*雪国ゆきぐにsnow country (in Japan); regions with heavy snowfalls (in Japan)

雪まつり

ゆきまつりsnow festival
音読み
snow

新雪

しんせつslightly formalnew-fallen snow; new [fresh] snow
*積雪せきせつformalsnow (accumulation); fallen and piled up snow
大雪山だいせつざんproper nameDaisetsu-zan (name of a volcanic group in Hokkaidō)
wipe out (a disgrace)
*雪辱せつじょくformalrevenge (for a defeat); vindication of one's honor (辱= humiliation
特別な読み
snow
吹雪ふぶきsnow storm
1  雪崩なだれavalanche

211

あめ、

あま

テン

sky;

heaven

; top part; look of the sky; nature; innate; matters relating to the Emperor of Japan
天;与天皇有关的事情天;與天皇有關的事情
하늘[천];하늘;날씨;윗부분;자연;타고난;천황에 관계되는 것
 訓読み
sky
*

天の川

あまのがわthe Milky Way
音読み
sky

天気

てんきweather; fair weather
天気予報てんきよほうweather forecast (予 331; 492)
heaven
1  

天国

てんごくheaven; paradise
天皇てんのうthe Emperor of Japan (皇= sovereign
天神祭てんじんまつりproper nameTenjin Festival (in Osaka) (神 207; 462)
look of the sky
1  晴天せいてんformalfair [fine] weather
1  雨天うてんwriten word, formalrainy weather
nature
天然のてんねんのslightly archaic(original state of natural objects) natural; by nature
innate (←"by nature"
1  天才てんさいgenius (才= talent
matters relating to the Emperor of Japan
天覧試合てんらんじあいformalmatch [game] held in the presence of the Emperor
(phonetic equivalent)

天ぷら

てんぷら «also written as "天麩羅", "てんぷらtempura, deep-fried seafood and vegetables in a light butter

212

そと

はず(す)

はず(れる)

、ほか

ガイ

outside

; external; foreign; maternal; unorthodox; be off
外;离开外;離開바깥[외];밖;겉;외-;외가의;정통이 아닌;(자리를) 비우다;빗나가다;떨어지다
 訓読み
outside; external

そとoutside; exterior
be off

外す

はずすto put something out of place; to undo; to miss
‖ 席を外すせきをはずすto leave one's seat (席 362)

外れる

はずれるto be [come] off; to get out of place; to stray off; to go wide (of the mark); to go wrong
音読み
outside
*

国外

こくがいoutside the country; out of country
1  野外やがいoutdoor; open-air; field (place with much nature)
屋外おくがいslightly formaloutside of the house; outdoor
例外れいがいexception
外食がいしょくeating out; dining out
external

外科

げかmedicalsurgery (科 474)
foreign

外国

がいこくforeign country
*

外国語

がいこくごforeign language
*

外来語

がいらいごloan word; word of foreign origin
外務省がいむしょうproper namethe Ministry of Foreign Affairs

213

はな

flower

; cherry blossom; flower-like; the best phase; glorious; geisha; gratuity
花;樱花;花那样的;最好的情况;华;艺妓;赏钱花;櫻花;花那樣的;最好的情況;華;藝妓;賞錢
꽃[화];꽃;벚꽃;꽃 같은 형태;가장 좋은 양상;화려하다;게이샤;행하
 訓読み
flower; the best phase; glorious

はなflower; blossom; bloom; the flower of something; the peak period; gloriousness
flower
*

花屋

はなやflower shop; florist
生け花いけばな(Japanese art of) flower arrangement (=お花(おはな)《colloquial and polite; 華道(かどう)《formal》)
cherry blossom(=桜(さくら))

花見

はなみcherry-blossom viewing; cherry- blossom viewing party

お花見

おはなみpolite or colloquial》= 花見
‖ お花見をするおはなみをするto have a cherry-blossom viewing party; to watch cherry blossoms
flower-like

花火

はなびfireworks
‖ 花火大会はなびたいかいfireworks (festival, event)
1  火花ひばなspark
the best phase
出花でばなaromatic first infusion (of tea)
geisha
花街はなまちarchaicred light district
音読み
flower

花瓶

かびん(flower) vase (瓶= bottle
flower-like
花押かおうarchaicKaō (stylized signature or a mark used in place of a true signature)
geisha
花柳界かりゅうかいarchaicred light district; world of the geisha

214

はやし

リン

grove

; forest; congregated
수풀[림]([임]);숲;동류의 집합
 訓読み
grove

はやしgrove; small woods

小林さん)

こばやしさん)proper name(family name of Japanese)
音読み
grove
梅林ばいりんume grove (梅(うめ)= Japanese apricot; Prunus mume, a type of Chinese plum
forest

山林

さんりんslightly formalmountain forest
*林道りんどうforest road; forestry [logging] road
1  林業りんぎょうforestry
congregated
林立するりんりつするformalto stand close together

215

もり

シン

forest

; silent
森;静森;静나무 빽빽할[삼];무성한 숲;잠잠해지다
 訓読み
forest

もりforest; (dense) woods
 (さん )  もり (さん )  proper name(family name of Japanese)

小森さん)

こもりさん)proper name(family name of Japanese)

森山さん)

もりやまさん)proper name(family name of Japanese)

森田さん)

もりたさん)proper name(family name of Japanese)
音読み
forest

森林

しんりんformalforest; woods
silent
森閑しんかんformaldeep [dead] silence

216

みち

ドウ

トウ

way

; passage; moral principles; systematized art or knowledge; religious teaching;
realm (in Buddhism); Tao; to state; circuit (administrative division)
道;路;术;方面道;路;術;方面길[도];길;도(道);(윤회의) 영역;말하다
 訓読み
way; passage; moral principles; systematized art or knowledge; religious teaching

みちway; street; road; path
way; passage; moral principles
*近道ちかみちshortcut; shorter way
音読み
way (road, method)

道路

どうろroad; street (路 621)
歩道ほどうsidewalk
車道しゃどうroadway
鉄道てつどうrailway; railroad
passage

水道

すいどうwater supply
systematized art or knowledge (special skills or knowledge (←"way to the ultimate")
*武道ぶどうmartial art

柔道

じゅうどうjūdō (柔= pliable; flexible

書道

しょどうcalligraphy
*

茶道

さどうJapanese tea ceremony; Way of Tea also called "ちゃどう" depending on the school
道具どうぐtool; instrument; implement (← originally, "equipment necessary for Buddhist training")(具 606)
religious teaching
神道しんとうShintō (a religion indigenous to Japan) (神 207)〕
realm (in Buddhism)
六道ろくどうBuddhismsix realms of samsara; six posthumous worlds
Tao
道教どうきょうTaoism
to state
1  報道ほうどうformal(a press [TV, radio]) report; news
circuit (administrative division)
北海道ほっかいどうproper nameHokkaidō (comprising the main island of Hokkaidō and its surrounding smaller islands and islets, located to the north of Honshū Island); Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture; Hokkaidō Government (海 217)
北海道地方ほっかいどうちほうproper nameHokkaidō region (consisting of only Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture)
どうabbrev.Hokkaidō Government (< "北海道"

217

うみ

カイ

sea

바다[해];바다
 訓読み
sea

うみsea; ocean
火の海ひのうみsea of fire
音読み
sea
海外かいがいoverseas; foreign country; abroad

海外旅行

かいがいりょこうoverseas travel [trip]; trip abroad
日本海にほんかいproper namethe Sea of Japan; Japan Sea
地中海ちちゅうかいproper nameMediterranean Sea
*海水かいすいslightly formalseawater
海岸かいがんseashore; coast

北海道

ほっかいどうproper nameHokkaidō (comprising the main island of Hokkaidō and its surrounding smaller islands and islets, located to the north of Honshū Island); Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture; Hokkaidō Government
東海地方とうかいちほうproper nameTōkai region (a region along the Pacific Ocean in central Honshū Island. Generally, it consists of the prefectures of Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie and southern part of Gifu.
樹海じゅかいsea of trees

218

そら

から

あ(く)

、あ(ける)

クウ

empty; vacant;

sky

;

air

; insubstantial; (from) memory
空;天空;记忆空;天空;記憶빌[공];비다;하늘;공기;실체가 없다;암기
 訓読み
empty
からempty
空き缶あきかんempty can
vacant

空いている

あいているteiru-form of "空く"(あく))to be vacant; to be unoccupied; to be free
*空き地あきちvacant [empty] lot
sky

そらsky; air
*

青空

あおぞらblue sky
*夏空なつぞらdazzling summer sky
(from) memory (←"the state of looking at nothing, relying only on one's memory"
空でそらでslightly archaic(to sing) by heart; (to learn) by heart; (to speak) from memory
(phonetic equivalent)
*

空手

からてkarate; a Japanese martial art of self-defense using the hands, feet, knees and elbows without the
use of weapons
音読み
air

空気

くうきair; atmosphere

空港

くうこうairport (港 353)
1  上空じょうくうslightly formalskies (of a specific place)

219

はる

シュン

spring

; New Year; sexuality
春;淫春;淫봄[춘];봄;성적 행위
 訓読み
spring

はるspring
*

春休み

はるやすみspring vacation [holidays, break]
音読み
spring
*

春分の日

しゅんぶんのひVernal [Spring] Equinox Day
*早春そうしゅんformalearly spring
1  青春せいしゅんspringtime of life; youth
New Year (←"spring of the lunar calendar"
新春しんしゅんformal and written wordnew year
sexuality
春画しゅんがarchaicshunga; erotic art typically executed as a kind of Ukiyo-e

220

なつ

summer

여름[하];여름
 訓読み
summer

なつsummer

夏休み

なつやすみsummer vacation [holidays, break]
*

真夏

まなつhigh summer; the middle of the summer
音読み
summer
*初夏しょかslightly formalearly summer
*

冷夏

れいかcold summer; cooler-than-normal summer (冷 444)
*

夏至

げしthe summer solstice; midsummer (至= come to

221

あき

シュウ

autumn

; years
가을[추];가을;세월
 訓読み
autumn

あきautumn; fall
秋田県あきたけんproper nameAkita Prefecture
秋葉原あきはばらproper nameAkihabara (place name in Tokyo)
音読み
autumn
*

秋分の日

しゅうぶんのひAutumnal Equinox Day
*晩秋ばんしゅうslightly formallate autumn [fall]
years
千秋楽せんしゅうらくthe last [closing] day (of a series of performances especially in traditional performing arts); the last day of the grand sumō tournament (千秋= a prolonged period of time

222

ふゆ

トウ

winter

겨울[동];겨울
 訓読み
winter

ふゆwinter
*

冬休み

ふゆやすみwinter vacation [holidays, break]
*

真冬

まふゆthe dead of winter; the middle of the winter
音読み
winter
*

暖冬

だんとうwarm winter; mild winter (暖 440)
*

冬至

とうじthe winter solstice (至= come to
1  冬眠とうみんhibernation (of animals)
*

春夏秋冬

しゅんかしゅうとうspring, summer, autumn and winter; the cycle of the seasons

223

は(れ)

は(れる)

、は(らす)

セイ

fair weather

; clear up; refresh; festive formal
晴;消;隆重的晴;消;隆重的개일[청];개다;풀리다;경사스러운
 訓読み
fair weather

晴れ

はれfair [fine] weather
*秋晴れあきばれclear autumn weather
*冬晴れふゆばれclear and calm winter day
fair weather; clear up; refresh

晴れる

はれるto stop raining; to clear up; to be cleared (of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to feel refreshed
clear up
*晴らすはらすto dispel (gloom, doubts, etc.); to settle (scores)
1  見晴らしみはらしlandscape; (extensive) view
refresh
晴れやかなはれやかなradiant (face; smile; look)
festive formal
*晴れ着はれぎbest kimono; gala dress
音読み
fair weather
1  

晴天

せいてんformalfair [fine] weather
快晴かいせいslightly formalclear weather; cloudless weather (快= pleasant

224

いけ

pond

; liquid-filled place
못[지];못;액체를 모아 두는 곳
 訓読み
pond

いけpond; (artificial) pool

小池さん)

こいけさん)proper name(family name of Japanese)

池田さん)

いけださん)proper name(family name of Japanese)
音読み
pond
貯水池ちょすいちreservoir
liquid-filled place

電池

でんちbattery

225

みずうみ

lake

호수[호];호수
 訓読み
lake

みずうみlake
音読み
lake

洞爺湖

とうやこproper nameLake Tōya
サロマ湖さろまこproper nameLake Saroma
琵琶湖びわこproper nameLake Biwa

バイカル湖

ばいかるこproper nameLake Baikal

226

しま

トウ

island

; remote location (for banishment)
岛;边远地方島;邊遠地方섬[도];섬;멀리 떨어진 곳
 訓読み
island

しまisland

淡路島

あわじしまproper nameAwajishima (Island) (路 621)
屋久島やくしまproper nameYakushima (Island)

中島公園

なかじまこうえんproper nameNakajima Park
広島ひろしまproper nameHiroshima (place name) (広 233)
island; remote location (for banishment)
島流ししまながしarchaicbanishment to an island or a remote location
音読み
island

利尻島

りしりとうproper nameRishiri Island

半島

はんとうpeninsula

227

ヨウ

leaf

; thin flat object; fragment; period of times
叶;断片葉;斷片잎[엽];잎;얇고 납작한 것;조각;시대의 기간
 訓読み
leaf

leaf
*葉っぱはっぱcolloquialleaf
1  落ち葉おちばfallen leaves
青葉あおばpoeticgreen leaves; fresh green foliage
fragment

言葉

ことば «also written in hiragana» speech; language; word; phrase; expression; term; what one says (言 257)
葉書はがき «often written in hiragana» postcard; postal card
*絵葉書えはがき «also written as "絵はがきpicture postcard
(others)

秋葉原

あきはばらproper nameAkihabara (place name in Tokyo) (原 582)

千葉

ちばhead-high accentproper nameChiba (place name)

千葉さん)

ちばさん)flat accentproper name(family name of Japanese)
音読み
leaf

紅葉

こうようslightly formalautumn tints (phenomenon or view that tree leaves turn red or yellow) (紅 = vivid red
thin flat object
複葉機ふくようきbiplane
前頭葉ぜんとうようmedicalfrontal lobe
thin flat object; period of times
中葉ちゅうようformalabout the middle (of an era, particularly of a century);medicalmedian lobe; middle lamella
特別な読み
leaf

紅葉

もみじtree leaves, especially of maple tree, turning red or yellow (紅= vivid red

228

みどり

リョク

、ロク

green

; glossy (black)
绿;(黑)油油綠;(黑)油油초록빛[록]([녹]);녹색;초목;윤기 있는 (검정)
 訓読み
green; glossy (black)

みどりgreen; verdure
‖ 緑の黒髪みどりのくろかみpoeticglossy black hair; raven locks
green

緑色

みどりいろgreen color (色 276)
音読み
green

緑茶

りょくちゃgreen tea (when used to distinguish it from other kinds of tea such as black tea or oolong tea)

新緑

しんりょくformalfresh green
緑青ろくしょうchemistryverdigris; copper [green] rust; patina





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