日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第14課
229
多
/多/多/많을[다];많다
訓読み
ⓐ many; ⓑ much
多い
おおい 《objective》(largely limited to predicative use) many; much
音読み
ⓐ many; ⓑ much
多分
たぶん «often written in hiragana» 《informal》maybe; possibly; probably
ⓐ many
* 多数 たすう 《slightly formal》large [great] number; many; majority
ⓑ much
* 多量 たりょう 《formal》large quantity (of things)
230
少
ⓐ few
; ⓑ little; ⓒ small (quantity, amount); ⓓ very young; ⓔ the third grade of each rank
/少;一点/少;一點/적을[소];적다;조금;어리다;각계급의 세 번째 등급
訓読み
ⓐ few; ⓑ little; ⓒ small (quantity, amount)
少ない
すくない 《objective》(largely limited to predicative use) few; little
少し
すこし ⦅adv.⦆ a few; a little; slightly
少しも すこしも ⦅with negative verb⦆ (not) at all
音読み
ⓐ few; ⓑ little
少々
しょうしょう 《polite》a few; a little; slightly
ⓐ few
* 少数 しょうすう 《slightly formal》small number; a few; minority
ⓑ little
多少 たしょう 《slighly formal》more or less; somewhat
ⓒ small (quantity, amount)
* 少量 しょうりょう 《formal》small quantity [amount]
ⓓ very young
少年 しょうねん 《formal》boy;《legal》juvenile
少女 しょうじょ 《formal》girl
ⓔ the third grade of each rank (of officer or ancient government posts)
‡ 少将 しょうしょう major general; rear admiral (将 ➦586)
231
近
/近/近/가까울[근];가깝다
訓読み
ⓐ near; ⓑ close
近い
ちかい (largely limited to predicative use) near; close
* 近道 ちかみち shortcut; shorter way
ⓐ near
音読み
ⓐ near
近所 きんじょ near place from one's house; neighborhood (所 ➦195)
最近
さいきん recently; lately; nowadays; these days (最 ➦288)
近畿地方 きんきちほう 《proper name》Kinki region (the south-central part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Shiga and Mie.) (畿= area under imperial direct control)
232
遠
ⓐ far
; ⓑ remote; ⓒ faint; ⓓ far-sighted
/远;不清/遠;不清/멀[원];멀다;멀리 내다보다
訓読み
ⓐ far; ⓑ remote; ⓒ faint
遠い
とおい (largely limited to predicative use) far; distant; remote
ⓐ far
遠く
とおく ⦅n.⦆ distant place
音読み
ⓐ far
遠足
えんそく (school) excursion
望遠鏡 ぼうえんきょう telescope
永遠 えいえん 《slightly formal》eternity
ⓑ remote
遠慮する えんりょする 《slightly formal》to show constraint; to be reserved; to decline; to hesitate; to refrain (慮= to give careful consideration)
‖ おタバコはご遠慮ください。 おたばこはごえんりょください。 Please refrain from smoking.; No smoking allowed.
ⓓ far-sighted
‡ 深遠な しんえんな 《very formal》deep [profound] (thought)
233
広
訓
ひろ(い)
、ひろ(まる)、ひろ(める)、ひろ(がる)、ひろ(げる)
ⓐ large (area)
; ⓑ wide
; ⓒ broad; ⓓ spread
/广;宽;扩;展/廣;寬;擴;展/넓을[광];넓다;퍼지다;펼치다
訓読み
ⓐ large (area); ⓑ wide; ⓒ broad
広い
ひろい wide; broad; large (area); spacious
広さ ひろさ width; area; extent; breadth
ⓐ large (area); ⓒ broad
広場 ひろば (public) square; plaza (場 ➦197)
ⓓ spread
広める ひろめる to spread (to the general public, to the world); to broaden (knowledge, experience, etc.)
○(others)
広島
ひろしま 《proper name》Hiroshima (place name) (島 ➦226)
音読み
ⓐ large (area)
広大な こうだいな 《formal》vast; extensive
ⓑ wide; ⓒ broad
‡ 広義 こうぎ 《formal》broad [wide] sense (of a word)
ⓒ broad
‡ 広量な こうりょうな 《very formal》generous; broad-minded
ⓓ spread
広告
こうこく advertisement (告 ➦599)
234
狭
/狭;窄/狹;窄/좁을[협];좁다
訓読み
ⓐ narrow; ⓑ small (area)
狭い
せまい narrow; small (area)
ⓐ narrow
* 狭める
せばめる 《slightly formal》to narrow
音読み
ⓐ narrow; ⓑ small (area)
‡ 狭小な
きょうしょうな 《formal》narrow; small (area)
ⓐ narrow
‡ 狭義 きょうぎ 《formal》narrow sense (of a word)
‡ 狭量な きょうりょうな 《very formal》narrow-minded; intolerant
235
明
訓
あか(るい)
、あか(るむ)、あか(らむ)、あ(ける)
、あ(く)、あ(くる)、あ(かす)、あ(かり)
、あき(らか)
ⓐ bright
; ⓑ cheerful; ⓒ be well informed; ⓓ clear; ⓔ light; ⓕ sight; ⓖ new time unit begins; ⓗ through the night; ⓘ daybreak; ⓙ next
; ⓚ open; ⓛ Ming (dynasty of China)
/明;亮;熟悉;光;过;过夜;晓;打开/明;亮;熟悉;光;過;過夜;曉;打開
/밝을[명];밝다;분명하다;등불;시력;새로운 시간 단위가 시작되다;새우다;새다;다음;열리다;(눈을) 뜨다;(중국의) 명나라
訓読み
ⓐ bright; ⓑ cheerful; ⓒ be well informed; ⓔ light
明るい
あかるい bright; light (place, color); cheerful (character)
* 明るさ あかるさ brightness; cheerfulness
ⓓ clear
明らかな
あきらかな clear; obvious; apparent; evident
ⓔ light
明かり
あかり light (that brightens the surroundings)
ⓖ new time unit begins (time unit ends and another begins)
明ける
あける (time unit ends and another begins)
‖ 夜が明ける よがあける dawn breaks; day breaks
‖ 年が明ける としがあける the New Year begins
ⓘ daybreak
明け方 あけがた dawn; daybreak
ⓚ open
‡ 明く あく to open ⦅used infrequently except in the following cases⦆
‖ 目が明く めがあく to gain sight by opening one's eyes
‖ 埒が明かない らちがあかない to make no progress; to remain unsettled (埒= fence)
音読み
ⓒ be well informed
‡ 明神 みょうじん all-seeing [-wise] god
ⓓ clear
説明する
せつめいする to explain; to account (for); to illustrate; to show (説 ➦305)
証明 しょうめい proof; testimony; certification (証= proof)
証明書 しょうめいしょ certificate
ⓙ next
↓明日
みょうにち 《very formal》tomorrow
↓明後日 みょうごにち 《formal》the day after tomorrow
*↓明朝 みょうちょう 《very formal》tomorrow morning
特別な読み
ⓙ next
明日
あした «often written in hiragana» tomorrow
↑明日 あす «often written in hiragana» 《formal》tomorrow
↑明後日 あさって «generally written in hiragana» the day after tomorrow
ⓛ Ming (dynasty of China)
‡ 明朝 みんちょう〈head-high accent〉 《historical》Ming Dynasty (of China)
‡↑明朝 みんちょう〈flat accent〉 Minchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)(< an abbreviation of "明朝体")
‡ 明朝体 みんちょうたい Minchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)
236
暗
ⓐ dark
; ⓑ gloomy; ⓒ ignorant; ⓓ hidden; ⓔ by heart; ⓕ in one's head
/暗;阴沉;背下来;在头脑中/暗;陰沉;背下來;在頭腦中
/어두울[암];어둡다;알려지지 않은;외우다;머릿속으로
訓読み
ⓐ dark; ⓑ gloomy; ⓒ ignorant
暗い
くらい dark; gloomy; poor in knowlege
音読み
ⓐ dark
‡ 暗室 あんしつ darkroom (for developing photographs or a chemical experiment)
ⓓ hidden (←"in the dark")
* 暗証番号
あんしょうばんごう personal identification number; PIN (code); password number (証= proof)
ⓔ by heart (←"without depending on something written")
暗記する あんきする 《slightly formal》to memorize (regardress of understanding the contents); to learn by heart (記 ➦399)
ⓕ in one's head (←"without depending on something written")
1 暗算 あんざん mental arithmetic [calculation] (算= calculate)
237
長
ⓐ long
; ⓑ(body) height; ⓒ to last; ⓓ senior; ⓔ superior; ⓕ chief
; ⓖ lengthen; ⓗ major scale
/长;久;持久;大音阶/長;久;持久;大音階
/길[장];길다;(몸의) 길이;지속하다;나이가 많다;뛰어나다;우두머리;길어지다;장음계
訓読み
ⓐ long; ⓒ to last
* 長さ ながさ length
音読み
ⓐ long
長期 ちょうき 《slightly formal》long-term (期 ➦590)
ⓓ senior
長男 ちょうなん the eldest son
‡ 長子 ちょうし 《very formal》the first child;《very formal and archaic》the eldest son
ⓔ superior
特長 とくちょう 《slightly formal》(often used for advertising) features; superior characteristic
ⓕ chief
社長
しゃちょう company president
部長
ぶちょう division head (部 ➦201)
課長
かちょう section chief (課 ➦385)
* 駅長 えきちょう station master
校長 こうちょう school principal; headmaster
* 学長 がくちょう university [college] president
* 総長 そうちょう president [vice-chancellor] of a university
ⓖ lengthen
成長する せいちょうする 《slightly formal》to grow (up) (成 ➦559)
ⓗ major scale
‡ 長調 ちょうちょう 《music》major key (調 ➦287)
238
短
ⓐ short
; ⓑ deficient; ⓒ minor scale
/短;性急;小音阶/短;性急;小音階/짧을[단];짧다;성급하다;모자라다;단음계
訓読み
ⓐ short
短い
みじかい short (in length)
音読み
ⓐ short
短時間
たんじかん 《slightly formal》short (period of) time
短期 たんき 《slightly formal》short-term (期 ➦590)
1 短気な たんきな short-tempered; quick-tempered; impatient
‡ 短冊 たんざく strip of paper (for writing a tanka and haiku on, or for writing wishes on as a part of the Tanabata festival).
ⓑ deficient
短所 たんしょ 《slightly formal》shortcoming; fault; demerits
‡ 一長一短 いっちょういったん (something having its) merits and demerits; both good and bad points
ⓒ minor scale
‡ 短調 たんちょう 《music》minor key (調 ➦287)
239
暑
ⓐ summer heat; ⓑ hot (high air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)
/暑;天热/暑;天熱/더울[서];덥다
訓読み
ⓐ summer heat; ⓑ hot (high air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)
暑い
あつい hot (about air temperature or a sense with the whole body)
* 暑さ あつさ heat (of temperature)
蒸し暑い むしあつい hot and humid, muggy (蒸= heat with steam; sultry)
音読み
ⓐ summer heat
* 猛暑
もうしょ 《slightly formal》excessive heat (of the weather) (猛= fierce)
猛暑日 もうしょび extremely hot day (with a maximum temperature of 35 ℃ or higher)
‡ 暑中見舞い しょちゅうみまい summer greeting card (inquiry after someone's health in summer season)
240
寒
ⓐ cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)
; ⓑ chill; ⓒ poor; ⓓ desolate; ⓔ uncool; ⓕ midwinter
/寒;冷;冷却;空虚;可怜;简陋;凄凉/寒;冷;冷卻;空虛;可憐;簡陋;淒涼
/추울[한];춥다;으스스하다;차게하다;변변찮다;외지다;썰렁하다;한겨울
訓読み
ⓐ cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); ⓑ chill; ⓒ poor; ⓔ uncool
寒い
さむい cold (about air temperature or a sense with the whole body); feel cold; chilly;《informal》uncool (joke)
‖ 背筋が寒くなる せすじがさむくなる to feel a chill (背筋= line of the backbone)
‖ 懐が寒い ふところがさむい 《slightly archaic》strapped for cash.; short of money (懐= the inside of a kimono around the chest, where people used to have their wallets)
‖ 寒いギャグ さむいぎゃぐ 《informal》uncool joke [gag]; unfunny joke [gag]
ⓐ cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); ⓑ chill
* 寒さ さむさ cold (of temperature)
ⓐ cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); ⓒ poor
‡ お寒い おさむい 《colloquial and polite》cold;《informal》poor [pitiful] (of content or quantity of something)
ⓑ chill
1 ↓寒気 さむけ chill (caused by being ill)
音読み
ⓐ cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)
*↑寒気 かんき 《formal》cold air
‡ 寒冷地
かんれいち 《slightly formal》cold region (冷 ➦444)
ⓑ chill
‡ 寒剤 かんざい 《chemistry》freezing mixture
ⓓ desolate
‡ 寒村 かんそん 《formal》desolate village
ⓕ midwinter
‡ 寒稽古 かんげいこ midwinter training (in martial arts)
241
重
ⓐ heavy
; ⓑ weight; ⓒ important; ⓓ serious; ⓔ dignified; ⓕ overlap; ⓖ tier; ⓗ repeat
/重;再/重;再/무거울[중];무겁다;무게;소중하다;겹치다;거듭하다
訓読み
ⓐ heavy; ⓑ weight; ⓒ important; ⓓ serious
重い
おもい heavy; weighty; serious (illness, crime); impotrtant (mission, responsibility); slow (of a computer, a site)
ⓑ weight
ⓕ overlap
重なる
かさなる ⦅vi.⦆ to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to overlap each other
*↓二重 ふたえ double eyelid (< an abbreviation of "二重瞼"(ふたえまぶた))
ⓕ overlap; ⓗ repeat
重ねる かさねる ⦅vt.⦆ to lay [put] one on another (of the same or similar kind); to pile (up); to stack (up); to overlap;《slightly formal》to repeat (the same kind of matters)
音読み
ⓐ heavy; ⓑ weight
体重
たいじゅう one's body weight (体 ➦277)
重力 じゅうりょく 《physics》gravity (the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center)
ⓐ heavy
重役 じゅうやく executive [director] (of a company)
ⓒ important
重要な じゅうような 《slightly formal and objective》important; significant (要 ➦494)
貴重な きちょうな 《slightly formal》precious; valuable (貴= precious)
貴重品
きちょうひん valuables (品 ➦488)
ⓓ serious
重大な じゅうだいな 《slightly formal》(of a matter with a significant meaning,) serious; important; grave
重病 じゅうびょう 《slightly formal》serious disease [illness]
ⓔ dignified
慎重な しんちょうな careful; cautious; prudent
ⓕ overlap
*↑二重の にじゅうの double; dual; twofold
1 重複 ちょうふく/じゅうふく 《slightly formal》overlap; duplication
ⓗ repeat
‡ 重訳 じゅうやく 《formal》indirect translation; translation of a translation
242
軽
ⓐ light
; ⓑ slight; ⓒ loose
/轻/輕/가벼울[경];가볍다
訓読み
ⓐ light; ⓑ slight; ⓒ loose
軽い
かるい light; slight; frivolous
ⓐ light; ⓑ slight
‡ 軽んじる かろんじる 《formal》to make [think] light of; to slight
ⓐ light
1 気軽な きがるな casual (having no mental burden in dealing with an object)
1 手軽な てがるな (taking little trouble) light; simple; easy
1 軽やかな
かろやかな 《slightly formal》light (steps, rhythm)
音読み
ⓐ light
* 軽食
けいしょく 《slightly formal》light meal
‡ 軽視する けいしする 《slightly formal》to make light of; to think little of
ⓑ slight
* 軽傷 けいしょう 《formal》slight injury [wound]
1 軽蔑する けいべつする to despise; to feel contempt for; to slight; to look down on
ⓒ loose
‡ 軽薄な けいはくな 《slightly formal》frivolous; flippant
243
弱
訓
よわ(い)
、よわ(る)、よわ(まる)、よわ(める)
ⓐ weak
; ⓑ be perplexed; ⓒ young; ⓓ slightly less than a round number
/弱/弱/약할[약];약하다;난처하다;젊다;어림수보다 좀 적다
訓読み
ⓐ weak
1 弱まる よわまる ⦅vi.⦆ to weaken; (of such as power, energy,) to get weak(er)
1 弱める よわめる ⦅vt.⦆ to weaken; to make (something) weak [less strong]
ⓐ weak; ⓑ be perplexed
1 弱る よわる (of a body,) to become weak; to be enfeebled; to be perplexed
音読み
ⓐ weak
ⓒ young
‡ 弱冠 じゃっかん 《formal》twenty years of age; youth (in general, around the age of twenty)
ⓓ slightly less than a round number
1 ~(number)弱 ~じゃく 《slightly formal》a little less than ~; a little under ~
244
速
訓
はや(い)
、はや(まる)、はや(める)、すみ(やか)
ⓐ fast
; ⓑ rapid; ⓒ quick; ⓓ speedy
/速;快/速;快/빠를[속];빠르다
訓読み
ⓐ fast; ⓑ rapid; ⓒ quick; ⓓ speedy
速い
はやい fast; speedy; rapid; quick (focused on the speed of action or effect)
ⓐ fast; ⓑ rapid; ⓒ quick
* 速さ はやさ 《often subjective》speed; rapidity; quickness《physics》speed
* 速める はやめる 《slightly formal》to speed up; to quicken
ⓓ speedy
1 速やかな
すみやかな 《formal》speedy; immediate; prompt
音読み
ⓐ fast
速度 そくど 《formal and objective》(degree of) speed (expressed as a numerical value);《physics》velocity
時速 じそく 《slightly formal》speed per hour
高速 こうそく 《slightly formal》high speed;《colloquial》freeway; expressway; motorway(< an abbreviation of "高速道路"(こうそくどうろ))
* 高速道路
こうそくどうろ freeway; expressway; motorway
加速 かそく acceleration (加 ➦546)
加速度 かそくど 《physics》acceleration; accelerated velocity
* 減速 げんそく 《slightly formal》deceleration; slowdown
ⓑ rapid
* 快速 かいそく 《formal》fast almost to comfortable; rapid train (generally, not as fast as express) (< an abbreviation of "快速電車"(かいそくでんしゃ))
* 速報 そくほう 《formal》prompt report; news flash; breaking news
ⓑ rapid; ⓒ quick
急速な きゅうそくな 《slightly formal》rapid; quick
ⓒ quick
速達 そくたつ express mail
ⓓ speedy
早速 さっそく ⦅adv.⦆ at once; immediately; right away; ⦅n.⦆ immediateness
245
早
ⓐ early
; ⓑ(requiring little time) quick; ⓒ prefix indicating youth or freshness
/早;(几乎不需要时间的)快;嫩/早;(幾乎不需要時間的)快;嫩
/이를[조];이르다;빠르다(거의 시간을 필요로 하지 않는다);젊음이나 신선함을 나타내는 접두사
訓読み
ⓐ early
↓早く はやく ⦅n.⦆ early time [period]
朝早く
あさはやく early in the morning
* 早起き
はやおき getting up early; early riser
早寝早起き はやねはやおき early to bed and early to rise
ⓐ early; ⓑ(requiring little time) quick
↑早く はやく ⦅adv.⦆ early; soon; quickly; at an early time [period]
1 早める はやめる to bring forward; to quicken
ⓑ(requiring little time) quick
早口 はやくち speaking fast; fast talker
* 早口言葉 はやくちことば tongue twister
音読み
ⓐ early
* 早朝
そうちょう 《formal》early morning
* 早退する そうたいする 《slightly formal》to leave work [the office, school] early (退= leave)
ⓑ(requiring little time) quick
早速
さっそく ⦅adv.⦆ at once; immediately; right away; ⦅n.⦆ immediateness
特別な読み
ⓒ prefix indicating youth or freshness (←"early period")
‡ 早乙女 さおとめ 《archaic or poetic》young female rice planter("さ", in this sense, is originally indicated rice plants for the gods.); young girl
‡ 早蕨 さわらび 《poetic》freshly budded bracken
246
若
ⓐ young
; ⓑ smaller number; ⓒ or; ⓓ as if; ⓔ suffix indicating the state of being
/年轻;(数目)小;或;若/年輕;(數目)小;或;若
/젊을[약];젊다;(수가) 적다;혹은;같다;상태를 나타내는 접미사
訓読み
ⓐ young; ⓑ smaller number
若い
わかい young; smaller (number)
ⓐ young
1 若者 わかもの 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》young person; the youth
ⓒ or
1 若しくは もしくは «often written in hiragana» 《formal》or
音読み
ⓐ young
‡ 若年 じゃくねん 《formal》younger age; young people
‡ 若年層
じゃくねんそう 《formal》the younger generation (層= stratum)
‡ 老若男女 ろうにゃくなんにょ 《formal and slightly archaic》men and women of all ages
ⓑ smaller number
1 若干 じゃっかん 《formal》somewhat; a few; a little
ⓓ as if
‡ 傍若無人な ぼうじゃくぶじんな 《formal》arrogant (傍= beside)
ⓔ suffix indicating the state of being
‡ 自若 じじゃく 《very formal》state of being self-possessed
247
悪
ⓐ evil; ⓑ bad
; ⓒ unwell; ⓓ nauseating
/恶;坏/惡;壞/악할[악];악;나쁘다 / 미워할[오];나쁘다;메스껍다
訓読み
ⓐ evil; ⓑ bad
ⓑ bad
↓悪口 わるくち (term of) abuse; name-calling; swearword
意地悪な いじわるな mean (disposition); spiteful; nasty (意 ➦307)
1 悪者 わるもの bad [wicked, evil] person; villain
音読み
ⓐ evil
悪魔 あくま devil; demon; Satan
ⓑ bad
‡↑悪口 あっこう 《formal and archaic》(term of) abuse; vilification; slander; swearword
* 悪人 あくにん 《formal》wicked [bad] person
‡ 悪友
あくゆう 《formal》bad friend [companion]
* 悪質な あくしつな 《slightly formal》malicious (mischief, criminal act); vicious
‡ 粗悪な そあくな 《slightly formal》poor [bad, inferior] (quality)
‡ 粗悪品 そあくひん 《slightly formal》goods of poor [bad, inferior] quality
1 悪化する あっかする 《slightly formal》to get [become] worse
ⓒ unwell
1 悪寒 おかん 《formal》chill; the shivers
ⓓ nauseating
1 嫌悪
けんお 《formal》hatred; strong dislike
248
忙
/忙/忙/바쁠[망];바쁘다
訓読み
◎ busy
音読み
◎ busy