Home

日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第14課
229

おお(い)

many

; much
많을[다];많다
 訓読み
many; much

多い

おおいobjective(largely limited to predicative use) many; much
音読み
many; much

多分

たぶん  «often written in hiragana» informalmaybe; possibly; probably
many
*多数たすうslightly formallarge [great] number; many; majority
much
*多量たりょうformallarge quantity (of things)

230

すく(ない)

すこ(し)

ショウ

few

; little; small (quantity, amount); very young; the third grade of each rank
少;一点少;一點적을[소];적다;조금;어리다;각계급의 세 번째 등급
 訓読み
few; little; small (quantity, amount)

少ない

すくないobjective(largely limited to predicative use) few; little

少し

すこしadv.a few; a little; slightly
少しもすこしもwith negative verb(not) at all
音読み
few; little

少々

しょうしょうpolitea few; a little; slightly
few
*少数しょうすうslightly formalsmall number; a few; minority
little
多少たしょうslighly formalmore or less; somewhat
small (quantity, amount)
*少量しょうりょうformalsmall quantity [amount]
very young
少年しょうねんformalboy;legaljuvenile
少女しょうじょformalgirl
the third grade of each rank (of officer or ancient government posts)
少将しょうしょうmajor general; rear admiral (将 586)

231

ちか(い)

キン

near

; close
가까울[근];가깝다
 訓読み
near; close

近い

ちかい(largely limited to predicative use) near; close
*近道ちかみちshortcut; shorter way
near

近く

ちかくn.near place
音読み
near
近所きんじょnear place from one's house; neighborhood (所 195)

最近

さいきんrecently; lately; nowadays; these days (最 288)
近畿地方きんきちほうproper nameKinki region (the south-central part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Shiga and Mie.) (畿= area under imperial direct control

232

とお(い)

エン

、オン

far

; remote; faint; far-sighted
远;不清遠;不清멀[원];멀다;멀리 내다보다
 訓読み
far; remote; faint

遠い

とおい(largely limited to predicative use) far; distant; remote
far

遠く

とおくn.distant place
音読み
far

遠足

えんそく(school) excursion
望遠鏡ぼうえんきょうtelescope
永遠えいえんslightly formaleternity
remote
遠慮するえんりょするslightly formalto show constraint; to be reserved; to decline; to hesitate; to refrain (慮= to give careful consideration
‖ おタバコはご遠慮ください。おたばこはごえんりょください。Please refrain from smoking.; No smoking allowed.
far-sighted
深遠なしんえんなvery formaldeep [profound] (thought)

233

ひろ(い)

、ひろ(まる)、ひろ(める)、ひろ(がる)、ひろ(げる)

コウ

large (area)

;

wide

; broad; spread
广;宽;扩;展廣;寬;擴;展넓을[광];넓다;퍼지다;펼치다
 訓読み
large (area); wide; broad

広い

ひろいwide; broad; large (area); spacious
広さひろさwidth; area; extent; breadth
large (area); broad
広場ひろば(public) square; plaza (場 197)
spread
広めるひろめるto spread (to the general public, to the world); to broaden (knowledge, experience, etc.)
(others)

広島

ひろしまproper nameHiroshima (place name) (島 226)
音読み
large (area)
広大なこうだいなformalvast; extensive
wide; broad
広義こうぎformalbroad [wide] sense (of a word)
broad
広量なこうりょうなvery formalgenerous; broad-minded
spread

広告

こうこくadvertisement (告 599)

234

せま(い)

、せば(まる)

せば(める)

キョウ

narrow

;

small (area)

狭;窄狹;窄좁을[협];좁다
 訓読み
narrow; small (area)

狭い

せまいnarrow; small (area)
narrow
*

狭める

せばめるslightly formalto narrow
音読み
narrow; small (area)

狭小な

きょうしょうなformalnarrow; small (area)
narrow
狭義きょうぎformalnarrow sense (of a word)
狭量なきょうりょうなvery formalnarrow-minded; intolerant

235

あか(るい)

、あか(るむ)、あか(らむ)

(ける)

、あ()、あ(くる)、あ(かす)

(かり)

あき(らか)

メイ

ミョウ

bright

; cheerful; be well informed; clear; light; sight; new time unit begins; through the night; daybreak;

next

; open; Ming (dynasty of China)
明;亮;熟悉;光;过;过夜;晓;打开明;亮;熟悉;光;過;過夜;曉;打開
밝을[명];밝다;분명하다;등불;시력;새로운 시간 단위가 시작되다;새우다;새다;다음;열리다;(눈을) 뜨다;(중국의) 명나라
 訓読み
bright; cheerful; be well informed; light

明るい

あかるいbright; light (place, color); cheerful (character)
*明るさあかるさbrightness; cheerfulness
clear

明らかな

あきらかなclear; obvious; apparent; evident
light

明かり

あかりlight (that brightens the surroundings)
new time unit begins (time unit ends and another begins)

明ける

あける(time unit ends and another begins)
‖ 夜が明けるよがあけるdawn breaks; day breaks
‖ 年が明けるとしがあけるthe New Year begins
daybreak
明け方あけがたdawn; daybreak
open
明くあくto open used infrequently except in the following cases
‖ 目が明くめがあくto gain sight by opening one's eyes
‖ 埒が明かないらちがあかないto make no progress; to remain unsettled (埒= fence
音読み
be well informed
明神みょうじんall-seeing [-wise] god
clear

説明する

せつめいするto explain; to account (for); to illustrate; to show (説 305)
証明しょうめいproof; testimony; certification (証= proof
証明書しょうめいしょcertificate
next

明日

みょうにちvery formaltomorrow
明後日みょうごにちformalthe day after tomorrow
*明朝みょうちょうvery formaltomorrow morning
特別な読み
next

明日

あした  «often written in hiragana» tomorrow
明日あす  «often written in hiragana» formaltomorrow
明後日あさって  «generally written in hiragana» the day after tomorrow
Ming (dynasty of China)
明朝みんちょう〈head-high accenthistoricalMing Dynasty (of China)
明朝みんちょう〈flat accentMinchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)(< an abbreviation of "明朝体"
明朝体みんちょうたいMinchōtai typeface (Japanese serif typeface)

236

くら(い)

アン

dark

; gloomy; ignorant; hidden; by heart; in one's head
暗;阴沉;背下来;在头脑中暗;陰沉;背下來;在頭腦中
어두울[암];어둡다;알려지지 않은;외우다;머릿속으로
 訓読み
dark; gloomy; ignorant

暗い

くらいdark; gloomy; poor in knowlege
音読み
dark
暗室あんしつdarkroom (for developing photographs or a chemical experiment)
hidden (←"in the dark"
*

暗証番号

あんしょうばんごうpersonal identification number; PIN (code); password number (証= proof
by heart (←"without depending on something written"
暗記するあんきするslightly formalto memorize (regardress of understanding the contents); to learn by heart (記 399)
in one's head (←"without depending on something written"
1  暗算あんざんmental arithmetic [calculation] (算= calculate

237

なが(い)

チョウ

long

; (body) height; to last; senior; superior;

chief

; lengthen; major scale
长;久;持久;大音阶長;久;持久;大音階
길[장];길다;(몸의) 길이;지속하다;나이가 많다;뛰어나다;우두머리;길어지다;장음계
 訓読み
long; to last

長い

ながいlong
*長さながさlength
音読み
long
長期ちょうきslightly formallong-term (期 590)
senior
長男ちょうなんthe eldest son
長子ちょうしvery formalthe first child;very formal and archaicthe eldest son
superior
特長とくちょうslightly formal(often used for advertising) features; superior characteristic
chief

社長

しゃちょうcompany president

部長

ぶちょうdivision head (部 201)

課長

かちょうsection chief (課 385)
*駅長えきちょうstation master
校長こうちょうschool principal; headmaster
*学長がくちょうuniversity [college] president
*総長そうちょうpresident [vice-chancellor] of a university
lengthen
成長するせいちょうするslightly formalto grow (up) (成 559)
major scale
長調ちょうちょうmusicmajor key (調 287)

238

みじか(い)

タン

short

; deficient; minor scale
短;性急;小音阶短;性急;小音階짧을[단];짧다;성급하다;모자라다;단음계
 訓読み
short

短い

みじかいshort (in length)
音読み
short

短時間

たんじかんslightly formalshort (period of) time
短期たんきslightly formalshort-term (期 590)
1  短気なたんきなshort-tempered; quick-tempered; impatient
短冊たんざくstrip of paper (for writing a tanka and haiku on, or for writing wishes on as a part of the Tanabata festival).
deficient
短所たんしょslightly formalshortcoming; fault; demerits
一長一短いっちょういったん(something having its) merits and demerits; both good and bad points
minor scale
短調たんちょうmusicminor key (調 287)

239

あつ(い)

ショ

summer heat;

hot (high air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)

暑;天热暑;天熱더울[서];덥다
 訓読み
summer heat; hot (high air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)

暑い

あついhot (about air temperature or a sense with the whole body)
*暑さあつさheat (of temperature)
蒸し暑いむしあついhot and humid, muggy (蒸= heat with steam; sultry
音読み
summer heat
*

猛暑

もうしょslightly formalexcessive heat (of the weather) (猛= fierce
猛暑日もうしょびextremely hot day (with a maximum temperature of 35 or higher)
暑中見舞いしょちゅうみまいsummer greeting card (inquiry after someone's health in summer season)

240

さむ(い)

カン

cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)

; chill; poor; desolate; uncool; midwinter
寒;冷;冷却;空虚;可怜;简陋;凄凉寒;冷;冷卻;空虛;可憐;簡陋;淒涼
추울[한];춥다;으스스하다;차게하다;변변찮다;외지다;썰렁하다;한겨울
 訓読み
cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); chill; poor; uncool

寒い

さむいcold (about air temperature or a sense with the whole body); feel cold; chilly;informaluncool (joke)
‖ 背筋が寒くなるせすじがさむくなるto feel a chill (背筋= line of the backbone
‖ 懐が寒いふところがさむいslightly archaicstrapped for cash.; short of money (懐= the inside of a kimono around the chest, where people used to have their wallets
‖ 寒いギャグさむいぎゃぐinformaluncool joke [gag]; unfunny joke [gag]
cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); chill
*寒ささむさcold (of temperature)
cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable); poor
お寒いおさむいcolloquial and politecold;informalpoor [pitiful] (of content or quantity of something)
chill
1寒気さむけchill (caused by being ill)
音読み
cold (low air temperature enough to feel uncomfortable)
*寒気かんきformalcold air

寒冷地

かんれいちslightly formalcold region (冷 444)
chill
寒剤かんざいchemistryfreezing mixture
desolate
寒村かんそんformaldesolate village
midwinter
寒稽古かんげいこmidwinter training (in martial arts)

241

おも(い)

かさ(なる)

、かさ(ねる)、え

ジュウ

チョウ

heavy

; weight; important; serious; dignified; overlap; tier; repeat
重;再重;再무거울[중];무겁다;무게;소중하다;겹치다;거듭하다
 訓読み
heavy; weight; important; serious

重い

おもいheavy; weighty; serious (illness, crime); impotrtant (mission, responsibility); slow (of a computer, a site)
weight
*

重さ

おもさweight
overlap

重なる

かさなるvi.to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to overlap each other
*二重ふたえdouble eyelid (< an abbreviation of "二重瞼"(ふたえまぶた))
overlap; repeat
重ねるかさねるvt.to lay [put] one on another (of the same or similar kind); to pile (up); to stack (up); to overlap;slightly formalto repeat (the same kind of matters)
音読み
heavy; weight

体重

たいじゅうone's body weight (体 277)
重力じゅうりょくphysicsgravity (the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center)
heavy
重役じゅうやくexecutive [director] (of a company)
important
重要なじゅうようなslightly formal and objectiveimportant; significant (要 494)
貴重なきちょうなslightly formalprecious; valuable (貴= precious

貴重品

きちょうひんvaluables (品 488)
serious
重大なじゅうだいなslightly formal(of a matter with a significant meaning,) serious; important; grave
重病じゅうびょうslightly formalserious disease [illness]
dignified
慎重なしんちょうなcareful; cautious; prudent
overlap
*二重のにじゅうのdouble; dual; twofold
1  重複ちょうふく/じゅうふくslightly formaloverlap; duplication
repeat
重訳じゅうやくformalindirect translation; translation of a translation

242

かる(い)

かろ(やか)

ケイ

light

; slight; loose
가벼울[경];가볍다
 訓読み
light; slight; loose

軽い

かるいlight; slight; frivolous
light; slight
軽んじるかろんじるformalto make [think] light of; to slight
light
1  気軽なきがるなcasual (having no mental burden in dealing with an object)
1  手軽なてがるな(taking little trouble) light; simple; easy
1  

軽やかな

かろやかなslightly formallight (steps, rhythm)
音読み
light
*

軽食

けいしょくslightly formallight meal
軽視するけいしするslightly formalto make light of; to think little of
slight
*軽傷けいしょうformalslight injury [wound]
1  軽蔑するけいべつするto despise; to feel contempt for; to slight; to look down on
loose
軽薄なけいはくなslightly formalfrivolous; flippant

243

よわ(い)

、よわ()、よわ(まる)、よわ(める)

ジャク

weak

; be perplexed; young; slightly less than a round number
약할[약];약하다;난처하다;젊다;어림수보다 좀 적다
 訓読み
weak

弱い

よわいweak; feeble
1  弱まるよわまるvi.to weaken; (of such as power, energy,) to get weak(er)
1  弱めるよわめるvt.to weaken; to make (something) weak [less strong]
weak; be perplexed
1  弱るよわる(of a body,) to become weak; to be enfeebled; to be perplexed
音読み
weak

弱点

じゃくてんweak point
young
弱冠じゃっかんformaltwenty years of age; youth (in general, around the age of twenty)
slightly less than a round number
1  (number)~じゃくslightly formala little less than ~; a little under ~

244

はや(い)

、はや(まる)、はや(める)

すみ(やか)

ソク

fast

; rapid; quick; speedy
速;快速;快빠를[속];빠르다
 訓読み
fast; rapid; quick; speedy

速い

はやいfast; speedy; rapid; quick (focused on the speed of action or effect)
fast; rapid; quick
*速さはやさoften subjectivespeed; rapidity; quicknessphysicsspeed
*速めるはやめるslightly formalto speed up; to quicken
speedy
1  

速やかな

すみやかなformalspeedy; immediate; prompt
音読み
fast
速度そくどformal and objective(degree of) speed (expressed as a numerical value);physicsvelocity
時速じそくslightly formalspeed per hour
高速こうそくslightly formalhigh speed;colloquialfreeway; expressway; motorway(< an abbreviation of "高速道路"(こうそくどうろ))
*

高速道路

こうそくどうろfreeway; expressway; motorway
加速かそくacceleration (加 546)
加速度かそくどphysicsacceleration; accelerated velocity
*減速げんそくslightly formaldeceleration; slowdown
rapid
*快速かいそくformalfast almost to comfortable; rapid train (generally, not as fast as express) (< an abbreviation of "快速電車"(かいそくでんしゃ))
*速報そくほうformalprompt report; news flash; breaking news
rapid; quick
急速なきゅうそくなslightly formalrapid; quick
quick
速達そくたつexpress mail
speedy
早速さっそくadv.at once; immediately; right away; n.immediateness

245

はや(い)

、はや(まる)、はや(める)

ソウ

サッ

early

; (requiring little time) quick; prefix indicating youth or freshness
早;(几乎不需要时间的)快;嫩早;(幾乎不需要時間的)快;嫩
이를[조];이르다;빠르다(거의 시간을 필요로 하지 않는다);젊음이나 신선함을 나타내는 접두사
 訓読み
early

早い

はやいearly
早くはやくn.early time [period]

朝早く

あさはやくearly in the morning
*

早起き

はやおきgetting up early; early riser
早寝早起きはやねはやおきearly to bed and early to rise
early; (requiring little time) quick
早くはやくadv.early; soon; quickly; at an early time [period]
1  早めるはやめるto bring forward; to quicken
(requiring little time) quick
早口はやくちspeaking fast; fast talker
*早口言葉はやくちことばtongue twister
音読み
early
*

早朝

そうちょうformalearly morning
*早退するそうたいするslightly formalto leave work [the office, school] early (退= leave
(requiring little time) quick

早速

さっそくadv.at once; immediately; right away; n.immediateness
特別な読み
prefix indicating youth or freshness (←"early period"
早乙女さおとめarchaic or poeticyoung female rice planter"", in this sense, is originally indicated rice plants for the gods.; young girl
早蕨さわらびpoeticfreshly budded bracken

246

わか(い)

、も(しくは)

ジャク

、ニャク

young

; smaller number; or; as if; suffix indicating the state of being
年轻;(数目)小;或;若年輕;(數目)小;或;若
젊을[약];젊다;(수가) 적다;혹은;같다;상태를 나타내는 접미사
 訓読み
young; smaller number

若い

わかいyoung; smaller (number)
young
1  若者わかものslightly formal and slightly archaicyoung person; the youth
or
1  若しくはもしくは  «often written in hiragana» formalor
音読み
young
若年じゃくねんformalyounger age; young people

若年層

じゃくねんそうformalthe younger generation (層= stratum
老若男女ろうにゃくなんにょformal and slightly archaicmen and women of all ages
smaller number
1  若干じゃっかんformalsomewhat; a few; a little
as if
傍若無人なぼうじゃくぶじんなformalarrogant (傍= beside
suffix indicating the state of being
自若じじゃくvery formalstate of being self-possessed

247

わる(い)

アク

evil;

bad

; unwell; nauseating
恶;坏惡;壞악할[악];악;나쁘다 / 미워할[오];나쁘다;메스껍다
 訓読み
evil; bad

悪い

わるいbad; evil
bad
悪口わるくち(term of) abuse; name-calling; swearword
意地悪ないじわるなmean (disposition); spiteful; nasty (意 307)
1  悪者わるものbad [wicked, evil] person; villain
音読み
evil
悪魔あくまdevil; demon; Satan
bad
悪口あっこうformal and archaic(term of) abuse; vilification; slander; swearword
*悪人あくにんformalwicked [bad] person

悪友

あくゆうformalbad friend [companion]
*悪質なあくしつなslightly formalmalicious (mischief, criminal act); vicious
粗悪なそあくなslightly formalpoor [bad, inferior] (quality)
粗悪品そあくひんslightly formalgoods of poor [bad, inferior] quality
1  悪化するあっかするslightly formalto get [become] worse
unwell
1  悪寒おかんformalchill; the shivers
nauseating
1  

嫌悪

けんおformalhatred; strong dislike

248

いそが(しい)

ボウ

busy

바쁠[망];바쁘다
 訓読み
busy

忙しい

いそがしいbusy
音読み
busy
1  

多忙な

たぼうなformalbusy





トップへ