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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第15課
249

はい(る)

い(れる)

い(る)

ニュウ

enter

; get; put in; contain; be included in; turn on (power); suit; setting (of the sun); be needed; completely; profoundly
入;进;得;在内;打开(开关);(日)没入;進;得;在內;打開(開關);(日)沒
들[입];들다;넣다;켜다;(일)몰
 訓読み
enter; get; put in; contain; be included in; turn on (power)

入る

はいるvi.to enter; to go [come] in; to go into

入れる

いれるvt.to put (something [somebody]) in; to make (tea, coffee, etc.); to turn on (power, a switch)
enter

入り口(入口)

いりぐちentrance
put in
押し入れおしいれtraditional Japanese closet (a small room to store bedding such as futon) (押 297)
setting (of the sun)
日の入りひのいりsunset
音読み
enter

入学する

にゅうがくするto enter a school [university, college]

入院する

にゅういんするto be admitted to the hospital
*入国するにゅうこくするformalto get into the country
新入社員しんにゅうしゃいんnew employee
put in
輸入するゆにゅうするto import (輸 487)
*入力するにゅうりょくするto input; to enter (a password, a command, a data, etc.) (力 278)

250

で(る)

だ(す)

シュツ

、スイ

go out

; put out; get out; come into existence; attend; offer; stand out; start to
出;-起来出;-起來나갈[출];나가다;나오다;내다;나타나다;-기 시작하다
 訓読み
go out; put out; get out; come into existence; attend; offer

出る

でるvi.to go [come] out

出す

だすvt.to take out; to get out; to put out; to submit (papers); to send (a letter)
go out

出かける

でかけるto go out (on the premise of coming back)

出口

でぐちexit
出入口(出入り口)でいりぐちdoorway; entrance (that doubles as an exit); gateway (not of a computer network)
put out

引き出し

ひきだしdrawer (of a desk, of a chest of drawers) (引 298)
引き出すひきだすto pull out; to bring out (performance, a talent, etc.); to withdraw
貸し出しかしだしlending; loaning
get out
日の出ひのでsunrise
思い出すおもいだすto recall; to remember (思 293)
出来事できごとevent; incident; happening; occurrence
音読み
go out

外出する

がいしゅつするslightly formalto go out
*出国するしゅっこくするformalto leave the country

出張する

しゅっちょうするto go on a business trip (張= strain; set up
出発するしゅっぱつするslightly formalto depart; to start; to leave
put out
輸出するゆしゅつするto export (輸 487)
支出ししゅつslightly formalexpenditure; outgoing (支 427)
come into existence
出身しゅっしんslightly formalone's hometown; one's birthplace; school which one graduated from (身 564)
1  出産するしゅっさんするformalto give birth to (a child); to be delivered of (a baby) (産 501)
attend
出席するしゅっせきするslightly formalto attend (meeting, class) (席 362)
offer
提出するていしゅつするslightly formalto submit (something) (提= to present

251

の(る)

、の(せる)

ジョウ

ride

; get on (something); go along with; reach; multiplication
乘;骑;坐;上;参与;附合;趁;到达;达到大关乘;騎;坐;上;參與;附合;趁;到達;達到大關
탈[승];(탈것,바람,물결,기세 등을) 타다;오르다;맞추다;내키다;곱셈
 訓読み
ride; get on (something); go along with; reach

乗る

のるvi.to get on [in]; to ride; to take (a vehicle); to get into gear; to accept (an offer, a proposal); to reach (the big mark)
乗せるのせるvt.to give a ride [lift]; to carry; to drive someone (with such as flattery); to take for a ride; to reach (the big mark)
ride; get on (something)

乗り物

のりものvehicle
ride
~(number of persons)乗り~のり-seater
‖ 6人乗りろくにんのりsix-seater; riding capacity of six people
get on (something)
*

乗り場

のりばplace for boarding vehicles
乗り換えるのりかえるto transfer (trains); to change (bus, train, plane) (換 424)
go along with
1  乗り気のりきenthusiasm; interest
reach
一番乗りいちばんのりthe first (person) to arrive
音読み
ride; get on (something)

乗車

じょうしゃslightly formaltaking a train [bus, taxi] (↔ "下車"(げしゃ), "降車"(こうしゃ))
乗客じょうきゃくslightly formalpassanger
*乗船じょうせんslightly formalboarding (a ship) (船 629)
*搭乗とうじょうformalboarding (a plane, ship)
multiplication
乗法じょうほうmathematicsmultiplication (=掛け算(かけざん))
3乗さんじょうmathematicscube; the third power

252

お(りる)

、お(ろす)

ふ(る)

コウ

descend;

get off

; step down; drop out; form (of frost);

fall

降;下;退降;下;退내릴[강];내리다;물러나다;포기하다
 訓読み
descend; get off; step down; drop out; form (of frost)

降りる

おりるvi.to descend; to get [go, come] down; to get off [out of]; to step down (from a high post [a role]); drop out (from a competition); to fold (from the game in a poker-like card game); to form (of frost)
descend; get off; step down
降ろすおろすvt.to remove (someone from a high post [a role])
descend; get off
乗り降りのりおりgetting on and off [in and out] (a vehicle)
fall

降る

ふるto fall (of rain or snow)
音読み
descend

下降する

かこうするformalto go down; to fall (↔ "上昇する"(じょうしょうする) 《formalto go up; to rise
以降いこうslightly formalfrom; after; since (the continuity is emphasized)
get off
降車するこうしゃするformal and objectiveto get off
drop out
1  降参するこうさんするto admit defeat; to give in; to give up (as unsolvable [unworkable]) (参 545)
fall
1  降水こうすいformalprecipitation
降雨こううformalrailfall
降雪こうせつformalsnowfall

253

た(つ)

、た(てる)

リツ

、リュウ

stand

; leave; rise; arise; apparent; appearance; make someone look good; be done properly; establish; just be done; intensify; cubic
立;离;起;冒;清楚;相貌;冲着他的面子;好好地完成;刚;烈
立;離;起;冒;清楚;相貌;衝著他的面子;好好地完成;剛;烈
설[립]([입]);서다;세우다;의거하다;뜨다;나다;일다;내다;내세우다;두드러지다;생김새;제대로 이루어지다;설립하다;갓;강렬하게 하다;세제곱
 訓読み
stand; leave; rise; arise; apparent; be done properly

立つ

たつvi.to stand (up); to be seen distinctly
stand
立場たちばone's ground; standpoint; position; situation
arise
夕立ゆうだち «also written as "夕立ち(sudden, heavy) shower (on a summer afternoon or evening); (summer) evening shower
be done properly

役に立つ

やくにたつto be helpful; to be useful; to be of service (役 274)
1  成り立つなりたつto consist (of); to be composed (of); to be made up (of); to comprise; to be practical; to be concluded; to be supported
組み立てるくみたてるto put together; to assemble (components) (組 394)
(emphasis of meaning: emphasizing a following word)
立ち入るたちいるslightly formalto trespass
立入禁止たちいりきんしNo trespassing (禁 569; 255)
音読み
stand
自立するじりつするformalto stand on one's (own) feet
establish

国立大学

こくりつだいがくnational university [college]
公立大学こうりつだいがくpublic university [college] (prefectural and municipal universities)

私立大学

しりつだいがくprivate university [college]
成立するせいりつするformalto be formed; to be approved; to come into existence
1自立するじりつするslightly formalto become independent
cubic
立方りっぽうmathematicscube
‖ 立方メートルりっぽうめーとるcubic meter

254

うご(く)

、うご(かす)

ドウ

move

; be in operation; act; change from the normal state
움직일[동];움직이다;흐트러지다
 訓読み
move; be in operation; act; change from the normal state

動く

うごくvi.to move; to work (of a machine)
move; be in operation
動かすうごかすvt.to move; to work (a machine)
音読み
move; be in operation; act
動作どうさslightly formalmovement; action; operation (of a system)
move

動物

どうぶつanimal
動画どうがmotion video; moving image; video (especially a digital image)
運動うんどうexercise; sports; (political, social or physical) movement (運 302)
移動するいどうするslightly formalto move; to transfer (移 624)
感動するかんどうするto be impressed; to be touched (感 634)
be in operation
自動じどうautomatic
*自動販売機じどうはんばいきvending machine (販= to market; 76; 354)

自動車

じどうしゃformalcar; automobile
自動ドアじどうどあautomatic door
*手動しゅどうslightly formalmanual operation
act
活動かつどうslightly formalactivity; (vigorous) action (活 400)
1  動機どうきslightly formalmotive; incentive

動詞

どうしgrammarverb (詞= words; part of speech

255

と(まる)

と(める)

stop

; remain
止;停;留止;停;留그칠[지];멈추다;남다
 訓読み
stop

止まる

とまるvi.to stop

止める

とめるvt.to stop
音読み
stop

中止する

ちゅうしするslightly formalto stop (an action); to cancel (a plan, a game); to discontinue

禁止する

きんしするto forbid; to prohibit (禁 569)
remain
止揚しようphilosophysublation; (Ger.) Aufheben (揚= raise)(The original word means to discard, to preserve, and to raise.

256

ある(く)

あゆ()

、ブ、フ

walk

; step; stand; ratio; pawn (in shōgi)
步;走;位;比率;(将棋[日本象棋]的)兵[卒]步;走;位;比率;(將棋[日本象棋]的)兵[卒]
걸음[보];걷다;걸음;처지;비율;(쇼기[일본 장기]의)병[졸]
 訓読み
walk

歩く

あるくto walk
walk; step
1  

歩む

あゆむslightly archaic and abstractto follow (a path, a road, a process); to tread (a figurative path)
音読み
walk

歩道

ほどうsidewalk
横断歩道おうだんほどうpedestrian crossing
*歩行者ほこうしゃformalpedestrian

散歩する

さんぽするto take [have] a walk (散= scatter; relaxed
1  徒歩とほformalgoing on foot
step
進歩するしんぽするto (make) progress (to a desired direction); to advance (進 304)
1  譲歩じょうほslightly formalconcession; compromise
stand
地歩ちほvery formalone's stand; footing
ratio
*公定歩合こうていぶあいeconomicsofficial discount [bank] rate
pawn (in shōgi)
pawn (in shōgi)

257

い(う)

こと

ゲン

ゴン

say

;

words

言;说言;說말씀[언];말하다;말씀
 訓読み
say

言う

いうobjectiveto say; to tell
words

言葉

ことば «also written in hiragana» speech; language; word; phrase; expression; term; what one says
書き言葉かきことばwritten language
話し言葉はなしことばspoken language
一言ひとことa word (of greeting [advice, warning]); a single word; brief comment
音読み
say

伝言

でんごん(verbal) message (伝 419)
words
言語げんごformallanguage

方言

ほうげんdialect

258

はな(す)

はなし

speak;

talk

; story
话;说話;說이야기할[화];말하다;이야기하다;이야기
 訓読み
speak; talk

はなしtalk; speech; story; tale

話す

はなすto talk; to speak
音読み
speak
世話せわcare (世 262)
‖ お世話になりました。 おせわになりました。 I really appreciate your kindness [kind help].
talk

電話

でんわtelephone

会話

かいわconversation
*手話しゅわsign language
話題わだいtopic [subject] (of conversation)
story
童話どうわfairy tale; nursery tale; children's story (童= child
神話しんわmyth; mythology

259

も(つ)

hold

;

have

持;带;有持;帶;有가질[지];들다;가지다;견디다
 訓読み
hold; have

持つ

もつto have; to carry with one; to hold; to last (long)
持っていくもっていく «also written as "持って行くto take (something with one); to take [carry] (something) away
持ってくるもってくる «also written as "持って来るto bring (something with one)
have
*持ち物もちものone's belongings; personal belongings

金持ち

かねもちrich person

お金持ち

おかねもちpoliterich person

気持ち

きもちfeeling (a state of mind that is altered by an external stimulus or an object)
音読み
hold
維持するいじするformalto maintain; to keep
1  

支持する

しじするslightly formalto support; to uphold (支 427)
have
1  所持するしょじするformalto possess

260

す(む)

、す(まう)

ジュウ

live (dwell)

; chief priest (of a Buddhist temple)
住;居住;居살[주];살다 (거처하다);주지
 訓読み
live (dwell)

住む

すむto live; to dwell
住まいすまいformal and slightly archaichouse; home
音読み
live (dwell)

住所

じゅうしょ(home or business) address
*住人じゅうにんslightly formalinhabitant (of a particular place)
住民じゅうみんslightly formalinhabitant
住宅じゅうたくformalhouse; residence
*住宅地じゅうたくちslightly formalresidential area
衣食住いしょくじゅうformalfood, clothing, and shelter [housing]
chief priest (of a Buddhist temple)
住職じゅうしょくslightly formalchief priest (of a Buddhist temple)

261

い(きる)

、い(かす)

い(ける)

う(まれる)

、う()

()

(える)

、は(やす)

なま

セイ

ショウ

be born

; create; grow; live; make good use of; life; lively; fresh; raw; lukewarm; crude; pure;

studying person

; humble word for oneself; ground growing plants
生;活;长;直接;鲜;腥;湿(垃圾);不充分;纯;-生(学习的人);对自己的谦称
生;活;長;直接;鮮;腥;濕(垃圾);不充分;純;-生(學習的人);對自己的謙稱
날[생];태어나다;나다;낳다;자라다;살다;살리다;생;삶;생생하다;날-;수분을 함유한 음식물(쓰레기);미온적인;미숙하다;순수하다;공부하는 사람;자기겸칭;풀이 자란 땅
 訓読み
be born; create

生まれる

うまれるto be born
grow
*

生い立ち

おいたちslightly archaicone's personal history of growing up

生える

はえる(of plants, hair, beards, etc.,) to grow; (of a tooth,) to cut
live; make good use of (←"bring ... to life"

生きる

いきるto live
live
*

長生きする

ながいきするto live long
1  生けるいけるto keep from withering; to arrange (flowers);archaic and very formaladjective equivalentliving

生け花

いけばなcolloquial and polite(Japanese art of) flower arrangement(=お花(おはな);formal》華道(かどう))
raw
なまraw; uncooked
*

生卵

なまたまごraw egg
*生ビールなまびーるunpasteurized beer; draft beer
pure

生地

きじcloth; fabric; dough (←"unprocessed material"
音読み
be born
生年月日せいねんがっぴdate of birth

先生

せんせいteacher; sensei (an honorific title or a term of address for a person who is in a leading position such as a teacher, a doctor, and a lawyer)
誕生たんじょうslightly formalbirth (誕= be born

誕生日

たんじょうびbirthday
1  発生するはっせいするformalto occer; to break out; to rise (発 333)
生産するせいさんするslightly formalto produce; to manufacture (産 501)
live
生活せいかつlife (one's daily existence); living (in society); livelihood (活 400)
生物せいぶつliving thing
life
一生いっしょうlifetime; all through life; whole life; all one's life

一生懸命

いっしょうけんめい(to do) as well as one can; with all one's might; (to work) hard originally, "一所懸命"(いっしょけんめい))(懸= join together; to stake; 命= life
studying person (←"immature"

学生

がくせいstudent
大学生だいがくせいuniversity [college] student
大学院生だいがくいんせいgraduate student
留学生りゅうがくせいinternational student (留 398)
高校生こうこうせいhigh school student
*中学生ちゅうがくせいjunior high school [lower secondary school] student
*小学生しょうがくせいelementary [primary] school student
生徒せいとstudent (high school students and younger, or miscellaneous school students; officially, high and junior high school students); school pupil
特別な読み
ground growing plants

芝生

しばふlawn





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