日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例第16課
262
世
訓
よ
音
セ
、セイ
ⓐ generation; ⓑ age (as a period); ⓒ
world
; ⓓ life; ⓔ epoch; ⓕ family headship／世／世／인간[세];세대;세상;대
訓読み
ⓒ world
* この世 このよ 《slightly archaic》this world
* あの世 あのよ 《slightly archaic》afterlife; the other [next] world
世の中
よのなか world (as a concrete place)‡ 浮世絵 うきよえ Ukiyo-e (woodblock print of everyday life in the Edo period) （浮世＝ fleeting life ←浮 ＝ to float）
ⓕ family headship
‡ 世継ぎ よつぎ 《archaic》heir
音読み
ⓐ generation
1 世代 せだい generation
ⓐ generation; ⓑ age (as a period)
* 二世 にせい second generation
にせい «commonly written as "２世"» the Second (king, etc. of the same name)
ⓑ age (as a period)
世紀 せいき century
*
21世紀
にじゅういっせいき the twenty-first [21st] century 中世 ちゅうせい 《historical》Middle Ages, medieval period
近世 きんせい 《historical》early modern period
ⓒ world
世界
せかい world*
世界中
せかいじゅう all over the world世話
せわ care ‖ お世話になりました。 おせわになりました。 I really appreciate your kindness [kind help].
ⓒ world; ⓓ life
‡ 前世 ぜんせ／ぜんせい 《Buddhism》one's previous life
‡ 現世 げんせ／げんせい 《Buddhism》this world; the world
‡ 来世 らいせ／らいせい 《Buddhism》afterlife; the other [next] world
ⓔ epoch
‡ 更新世 こうしんせい 《geology》Pleistocene (Epoch)
ⓕ family headship
‡ 世襲 せしゅう 《slightly formal》heredity
263
界
訓
－音
カイ
ⓐ bounds; ⓑ
area within boundary
／界／界／지경[계];지경;경역
音読み
ⓐ bounds
境界 きょうかい 《slightly formal》boundary; border
限界 げんかい limit; limitations
ⓑ area within boundary
* 視界 しかい 《slightly formal》field of vision; visibility; view
世界
せかい world* 世界中 せかいじゅう all over the world
‡ 学界 がっかい 《slightly formal》academic world
* 政界 せいかい 《slightly formal》political world
264
京
訓
－音
キョウ
、ケイ
ⓐ
capital
; ⓑ ten quadrillion; ○<Tokyo; Kyoto>／京／京／서울[경];서울;경;<도쿄;교토>
音読み
ⓐ capital
東京
とうきょう 《proper name》Tokyo (place name) 京都 きょうと 《proper name》Kyoto (place name) （都 ➦266）
ⓑ ten quadrillion
‡ 一京 いっけい ten quadrillion（= 1016 ）
○<abbreviation of "東京">
上京する
じょうきょうする 《slightly formal》to come [go] (up) to Tokyo1
帰京する
ききょうする 《formal》to return to TokyoＪＲ京葉線
じぇいあーるけいようせん 《proper name》JR Keiyō Line (from Tokyo to Chiba)（東京(とうきょう)―千葉(ちば)） 京浜 けいひん 《proper name》⦅usually not used by itself⦆ Keihin area; Tokyo-Yokohama area（東京(とうきょう)―横浜(よこはま)）
‖ 京浜工業地帯 けいひんこうぎょうちたい 《proper name》Keihin Industrial Region
○<abbreviation of "京都">
京 きょう 《proper name, poetic》（＝京都）
‡ 京料理 きょうりょうり local cuisine of Kyoto
京阪神 けいはんしん 《proper name》Keihanshin area; Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area （京都(きょうと)―大阪(おおさか)―神戸(こうべ)）
○<abbreviation of "北京"（ペキン）>
‡ 京劇 きょうげき Beijing opera
特別な読み
ⓐ capital
南京 なんきん 《proper name》Nanjing (place name in China)
北京 ぺきん 《proper name》Beijing (place name in China)
265
首
訓
くび
音
シュ
ⓐ head; ⓑ
principal
; ⓒ beginning; ⓓ head toward; ⓔ counter for waka (poem); ⓕneck
／首;脖／首;脖／머리[수];머리;첫째가는;처음;향하다;-수;목
訓読み
ⓐ head; ⓕ neck
↓
首
くび neck; (in an idiomatic expression) head（e.g., 首を振る（ふる） to shake one's head）‡↑首 くび «generally written in katakana» 《popularly used》being fired
ⓕ neck
手首
てくび wrist*
足首
あしくび ankle音読み
ⓐ head
‡ 機首 きしゅ 《formal》nose of an airplane
‡ 船首 せんしゅ 《formal》bow of a ship
ⓑ principal
首都
しゅと capital (of a nation) 首都圏 しゅとけん Tokyo metropolitan area [National capital region]: an area consisting of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma and Yamanashi （圏＝ area）
首相
しゅしょう Prime Minister （相 ➦560）ⓒ beginning
部首
ぶしゅ 《linguistics》radical (of a kanji) （← common elements of kanji that construct characters. In a kanji dictionary, kanji characters are classified based on the main radicals, which are listed at the beginning of each classified part.） ⓓ head toward
1 自首する じしゅする to surrender voluntarily [to turn oneself in] (to the police)
ⓔ counter for waka (poem)
‡ 百人一首 ひゃくにんいっしゅ Hyakunin Isshu; One Hundred Poems, One Poem Each （A collection of 100 medieval waka poems by 100 poets. Also a popular game based on the Hyakunin Isshu poems）
266
都
訓
みやこ
音
ト
、ツ
ⓐ
metropolis
; ⓑ capital; ⓒeverything
／都／都／도읍[도];도회;도읍;모두
訓読み
ⓑ capital
↓
都
みやこ 《slightly archaic》capital (especially in pre-modern times)音読み
ⓐ metropolis
東京都
とうきょうと 《proper name》Tokyo Metropolis; Tokyo Metropolitan Government 都市 とし 《slightly formal》city (as the center of each region) （市 ➦269）
* 都市人口 としじんこう 《formal》urban population
* 都市化 としか 《slightly formal》urbanization
都会
とかい city (as a busy urban area)* 大都会 だいとかい big city
京都
きょうと 《proper name》Kyoto (place name)ⓐ metropolis; ○<abbreviation of "東京都">
都心 としん center of Tokyo; city center of a big city
ⓑ capital
首都
しゅと capital (of a nation)‡ 古都 こと 《formal》ancient capital
ⓒ everything
都合
つごう circumstances; convenience （合 ➦300） ‖ 都合がいい つごうがいい to suit one's schedule; to serve one's interest
○<abbreviation of "東京都">
↑都 と 《proper name》Tokyo Metropolitan Government （＜ "東京都"）
‡ 都電 とでん Toden; tram operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government
267
府
訓
－音
フ
ⓐ archive storage; ⓑ
major organ of government
; ⓒ urban prefecture; ⓓ capital／府／府／관청[부];수장고;주요 관청;부(행정 구획);중심지
音読み
ⓐ archive storage
‡ 府庫 ふこ 《archaic》archive storage; warehouse
ⓑ major organ of government
政府
せいふ government; administration （政 ➦472）* 幕府 ばくふ 《historical》shogunate government
ⓒ urban prefecture
大阪府
おおさかふ 《proper name》Osaka Prefecture京都府
きょうとふ 《proper name》Kyoto Prefecture* 都道府県 とどうふけん prefectures; administrative divisions of Japan
ⓓ capital
‡ 首府 しゅふ 《archaic》capital
268
県
訓
－音
ケン
◎
prefecture
／县／縣／고을[현];-현
音読み
◎ prefecture
県
けん prefecture; prefectural government*
都道府県
とどうふけん prefectures; administrative divisions of Japan269
市
訓
いち
音
シ
ⓐ market; ⓑ
city
／市／市／저자[시];시장;-시
訓読み
ⓐ market
1 ↓
市
いち market; fair ↓
市場
いちば market (as a place where various small family-run shops dealing in daily necessities gather)音読み
ⓐ market
1 ↑
市場
しじょう market (as the field of trade or business in a particular product, including financial products);《formal》market (as a place where various small family-run shops dealing in daily necessities gather)
ⓑ city
↑
市
し city (as a municipality); city government札幌市
さっぽろし 《proper name》Sapporo city*
市長
しちょう mayor都市
とし 《slightly formal》city (as the center of each region)*
大都市
だいとし 《slightly formal》big city* 市役所 しやくしょ municipal [city] office; city [town] hall
270
区
訓
－音
ク
ⓐ divided; ⓑ district; ⓒ
ward
／区／區／구역[구];갈라놓다;구역;-구
音読み
ⓐ divided
区別する くべつする to tell ~ apart; to distinguish
区切る くぎる to divide (an area); to delimit; to insert pause
区分 くぶん 《slightly formal and abstract》division; category; section; classification
1 区画 くかく 《slightly formal and concrete》partitioned area [section]; (land) division
ⓑ district
地区 ちく 《slightly formal》district (divided for a specific purpose)
ⓒ ward
区
く ward; section北区
きたく 《proper name》Kita-ku (Kita Ward)* 区役所 くやくしょ ward office
271
町
訓
まち
音
チョウ
ⓐ
town
; ⓑ city／镇;城／鎮;城／밭두둑[정];도회;읍
訓読み
ⓐ town; ⓑ city
↓
町
まち town (as a local administrative unit); town (as a district which constitutes a city and a ward); city [town] (as a place where a lot of houses gather); town government NOTE: Choosing between '町' and '街' for the kanji of 'まち'; '町' is used when it refers to "an administrative unit". While we can use either '町' or '街' as "a place where many houses are gathered", '街' in particular evokes the scene as busy streets or places, which often creates an urban atmosphere.
ⓐ town
↓
～町
～まち town (as a local administrative unit); town government 下町 したまち Shitamachi (low-lying area of eastern Tokyo including Asakusa, Kanda, Nihonbashi and surrounds, the meaning is entirely different from 'downtown' in English)
音読み
ⓐ town
↑町 ちょう 《abbrev.》town government （＜ "～町"（～ちょう））
↑
～町
～ちょう town (as a local administrative unit); town government* 市町村 しちょうそん municipalities
272
村
訓
むら
音
ソン
◎
village
／村／村／마을[촌];마을
訓読み
◎ village
村
むら village○(others)
木村（さん）
きむら（さん） 《proper name》(family name of Japanese)中村（さん）
なかむら（さん） 《proper name》(family name of Japanese) ↓山村 (さん ) やまむら (さん ) 《proper name》(family name of Japanese)
音読み
◎ village
*↑山村 さんそん 《formal》mountain village
農村 のうそん 《slightly formal》farming village; agricultural community
* 農村人口 のうそんじんこう 《formal》rural population
* 村長 そんちょう village mayor
*
市町村
しちょうそん municipalities273
民
訓
たみ音
ミン
ⓐ
people (in general)
; ⓑ private [nongovernmental]; ⓒ civil／民／民／백성[민];백성;민간;사생활상의
訓読み
ⓐ people (in general)
* 民 たみ 《archaic》people in general; subject (of a monarch)
音読み
ⓐ people (in general)
国民
こくみん 《slightly formal》nation (as a member of a sovereign state)*
県民
けんみん 《slightly formal》inhabitant of a prefecture市民
しみん 《slightly formal》inhabitant of a city; citizen住民
じゅうみん 《slightly formal》inhabitant 農民 のうみん 《formal and objective》farmer;《historical》peasant
1 民族 みんぞく 《slightly formal》nation [race] (as people sharing common customs and cultures); ethnic group
* 民主主義 みんしゅしゅぎ 《politics》democracy
ⓑ private [nongovernmental]
1 民宿 みんしゅく tourist home (private home providing lodging for travelers); bed and breakfast
* 民営化 みんえいか 《slightly formal》privatization
ⓒ civil
‡ 民法 みんぽう civil law
274
役
訓
－音
ヤク
、エキ
ⓐ compulsory service; ⓑ war; ⓒ
service
; ⓓ role; ⓔ valuable card game hand; ⓕ important post／役;任务;角色;玩牌被凑齐;要职／役;任務;角色;玩牌被湊齊;要職
／부릴[역];구실;부리다;전역;역할;가치의 카드 조합;중요한 자리
音読み
ⓐ compulsory service
‡ 労役 ろうえき 《formal》imposed heavy labor
‡ 兵役 へいえき military service
‡ 現役 げんえき 《archaic》active service [duty]
* げんえき player on the active list; student taking university [college] entrance exams while still enrolled in school
* 懲役 ちょうえき imprisonment (with hard labor)
‡ 使役 しえき 《formal》forced labor;《grammar》causative
‡
使役形
しえきけい 《grammar》causative formⓐ compulsory service; ⓑ war （←"fought between soldiers, mobilized by military service system"）
‡↓役 えき 《archaic and historical》war; battle; compulsory labor
ⓒ service; ⓓ role; ⓔ valuable card game hand (combination taking on an important role)
↑
役
やく role; post; duty; valuable hand (of poker, mahjong, hanafuda game, etc.)ⓒ service
役に立つ
やくにたつ to be helpful; to be useful; to be of service役所
やくしょ public office (of city and ward)*
市役所
しやくしょ municipal [city] office; city [town] hall*
区役所
くやくしょ ward office1 役場 やくば public office (of town and village)
‡ 町役場 まちやくば town office
‡ 村役場 むらやくば village office
役人 やくにん 《slighly archaic》public [civil] servant [official]
ⓓ role
役目 やくめ duty [role] (to fulfill in society); function (what something is used for)
役者 やくしゃ 《slighly archaic》actor [actress]; performer
主役 しゅやく leading role [part]; major role; the lead; the leading actor [actress]; starring role [part]; leading character
ⓕ important post (member taking on an important role in an organization)
* 役員 やくいん member of the board of directors; board member; executive; official (of an union, an association, etc.)
重役 じゅうやく high executive; (company) director