日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第18課
290
使
ⓐ messenger; ⓑ make someone do; ⓒ use
/使/使/부릴[사];심부름꾼;시키다;쓰다 (사용하다)
訓読み
ⓐ messenger
1 使い つかい 《slightly archaic》errand; messenger
ⓒ use
使う
つかう to use; to make use of; to spend
* 使い捨て つかいすて single-use; disposable
音読み
ⓐ messenger
大使 たいし ambassador
‡ 天使 てんし angel
1 使命 しめい mission (命= life; command)
ⓑ make someone do
‡ 使役 しえき 《formal》forced labor;《grammar》causative
‡ 使役形 しえきけい 《grammar》causative form
ⓒ use
使用する
しようする 《slightly formal》to use; to employ
* 使用中 しようちゅう 《slightly formal》occupied; engaged; busy
* 使用禁止 しようきんし 《formal》prohibition of the use (禁 ➦569)
291
作
ⓐ make
; ⓑ piece of work; ⓒ crop; ⓓ action
/作;做;作品;收获/作;做;作品;收穫/지을[작];만들다;짓다;만든 물건;수확;행동;작용
訓読み
ⓐ make
* 手作りの てづくりの handmade; hand-crafted; homemade; homegrown
音読み
ⓐ make; ⓑ piece of work; ⓓ action
製作する せいさくする 《slightly formal》to manufacture; to make
制作する せいさくする 《slightly formal》to produce (works of art; a movie, a broadcast program, etc.)
作曲 さっきょく (musical) composition
作文
さくぶん composition (written as a school exercise)
作家
さっか author; (professional) writer
作者 さくしゃ 《slightly formal》(person who is the maker of something piece of work) author; writer; artist; composer
作物 さくもつ 《slightly formal》crop; crop plant
* 著作権 ちょさくけん copyright
ⓑ piece of work
作品 さくひん (piece of) work (品 ➦488)
ⓒ crop
1 豊作 ほうさく good [bumper] crop; good [rich] harvest
* 不作 ふさく poor [bad] crop [harvest]
1 凶作 きょうさく (severely) poor [bad] crop [harvest]
ⓓ action
1 作戦 さくせん strategy; tactics; operation
操作
そうさ 《slightly formal》operation (by an operator); manipulation (操= manipulate)
作業 さぎょう 《slightly formal》work (by a set process); oparation
動作 どうさ 《slightly formal》action; movement; operation (of a system)
1 作用 さよう 《slightly formal》operation; action; effect (of the medicine)
1 発作 ほっさ fit (of illness); attack (of illness)
292
座
ⓐ seat; ⓑ sit
; ⓒ be stranded; ⓓ gathering place; ⓔ guild; ⓕ troupe; ⓖ stage; ⓗ theater; ⓘ accusation
/座;坐;搁浅;汇集的地方;行会;剧院;舞台/座;坐;擱淺;匯集的地方;行會;劇院;舞台
/자리[좌];자리;앉다;얹히다;모여 있는 장소;동업 조합;예능 집단;무대;극장;고발
訓読み
ⓑ sit
音読み
ⓐ seat
座席
ざせき 《slightly formal》seat (such as chair or bench) (席 ➦362)
座布団
ざぶとん Japanese seat cushion (布団(ふとん)= thick bed quilt and mattress)
座敷 ざしき drawing room with tatami
ⓑ sit
* 正座する せいざする to sit with one's legs bent beneath one
座禅 ざぜん 《Buddhism》zazen, sitting cross-legged for meditation in Zen Buddhism
ⓒ be stranded
‡ 座礁する ざしょうする 《formal》(of a ship,) to run aground
ⓓ gathering place
1 星座 せいざ constellation
‡ オリオン座 おりおんざ Orion (constellation)
‡ 牡牛座 おうしざ Taurus (constellation)
口座 こうざ (bank) account;《business》account (in bookkeeping); journal [account] (in accounting transaction)
ⓓ gathering place; ⓕ troupe
‡ 座長 ざちょう chairperson (of a committee); leader of a troupe
ⓔ guild
‡ 材木座 ざいもくざ the zaimoku-za (guild of lumber dealers)
銀座 ぎんざ 《proper name》Ginza (place name in Tokyo) (←"the silver-coin mint in Edo Period, originated in silver trade guild")
ⓕ troupe
‡ 一座 いちざ troupe; company (of players)
ⓖ stage (for the performance of productions)
‡ 前座 ぜんざ opening act
ⓗ theater
‡ 名画座 めいがざ 《slightly archaic》classic film theater
オペラ座 おぺらざ 《proper name》the Opera House of Paris
ⓘ accusation
‡ 連座制 れんざせい 《legal》guilt-by-association system
293
思
ⓐ think (sensuously)
; ⓑ feel
/思;想/思;想/생각[사];생각하다
訓読み
ⓐ think (sensuously); ⓑ feel
思う
おもう to think (sensuously); to feel; to guess; to regard; to expect; to fear; to suppose
ⓐ think (sensuously)
思い出す
おもいだす to recall; to remember
思い出 おもいで memory (event that left an impression)
音読み
ⓐ think (sensuously)
不思議な
ふしぎな mysterious; marvelous; wonderful
意思 いし 《formal》mind; intention
思想 しそう 《slightly formal》(systematic) thought; idea
1 思考 しこう 《formal》thought; consideration
294
知
ⓐ know
; ⓑ wisdom; ⓒ govern
/知;智/知;智/알[지];알다;슬기;다스리다
訓読み
ⓐ know
知る
しる 《formal except for negative or teiru-form》to understand; to learn
‖ 知りません しりません don't know
‖ 知っている しっている to know
知らせる
しらせる to inform; to tell (somebody about something)
お知らせ
おしらせ 《polite and soft-spoken》(official) notice; announcement
* 知り合う しりあう to get acquainted (with someone); to get to know someone
知り合い しりあい acquaintance
音読み
ⓐ know
知識
ちしき knowledge (識= to perceive)
知人
ちじん 《slightly formal》acquaintance
ⓑ wisdom
知恵 ちえ wisdom; brain (< formerly written as "智慧")
知能 ちのう intelligence; intellectual ability
ⓒ govern
知事 ちじ (prefectural) governor
295
洗
/洗/洗/씻을[세];씻다;빨다;(머리를) 감다
訓読み
◎ wash
手洗い てらあい washing one's hands; hand washing; washing by hands;《archaic》the bathroom; toilet
お手洗い
おてあらい 《polite and slightly archaic》restroom; toilet; bathroom
音読み
◎ wash
洗濯
せんたく washing (濯= rince)
洗濯する
せんたくする to do the washing
* 洗濯機
せんたくき washing machine (機 ➦354)
* 洗濯物 せんたくもの the laundry
洗剤 せんざい detergent; (dishwashing or laundry) cleanser
* 洗面所 せんめんじょ 《slightly formal》lavatory; washroom; bathroom (not focus on bathing)
296
考
ⓐ think (through intellectual process)
; ⓑ research
/思考;想/思考;想/생각할[고];생각하다;조사하다
訓読み
ⓐ think (through intellectual process)
考える
かんがえる to think (through intellectual process); to consider
考え
かんがえ thinking; thought; idea; opinion
* 考え方 かんがえかた way of thinking; how to solve
音読み
ⓐ think (through intellectual process)
1 思考 しこう 《formal》thought; consideration
* 考案する こうあんする 《formal》to invent; to devise
* 考察する こうさつする 《formal》to consider; to examine
ⓑ research
参考 さんこう reference (参 ➦545)
‡ 参考書
さんこうしょ reference book; study aid
1 考古学 こうこがく 《academic》archaeology
297
押
ⓐ hold down; ⓑ push
; ⓒ to rhyme
/押;压;推;按/押;壓;推;按/누를[압];누르다;밀다;(운자를) 달다
訓読み
ⓐ hold down
押さえる おさえる to press [hold] so as not to move
ⓑ push
押す
おす to push; to press; to affix (a seal)
押し入れ
おしいれ traditional Japanese closet (a small room to store bedding such as futon)
音読み
ⓐ hold down
* 押収
おうしゅう 《legal》seizure [confiscation] (by the court or investigating authority) (収 ➦428)
ⓑ push
‡ 押印 おういん 《formal》to affix a seal
ⓒ to rhyme
‡ 押韻 おういん 《linguistics》rhyming
298
引
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull
; ⓒ bring; ⓓ lead; ⓔ extract; ⓕ look up in (a dictionary); ⓖ undertake; ⓗ catch (a cold); ⓘ subtract
/引;画(线);拉;退;带来;领;抽出;查(词典);负(责任、任务);得(感冒);减
/引;畫(線);拉;退;帶來;領;抽出;查(詞典);負(責任、任務);得(感冒);減
/끌[인];당기다;끌다;(선을) 긋다;가져오다;이끌다;빼다;(사전을) 찾다;떠맡다;(감기에) 걸리다
訓読み
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull; ⓓ lead; ⓔ extract; ⓕ look up in (a dictionary); ⓗ catch (a cold); ⓘ subtract
引く
ひく (to draw or pull something toward oneself) to pull; to draw; to lead; to look up in (a dictionary); to catch (a cold); to subtract
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull; ⓒ bring
引き出す
ひきだす to pull out; to bring out (performance, a talent, etc.); to withdraw
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull; ⓓ lead
引っ張る ひっぱる to pull [draw] (a rope [cloth] so as not to be slack; someone's arm, at someone's sleeve, etc.); to stretch (a rope, cloth, etc.); to tug; to lead (at the head)
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull
引き出し
ひきだし drawer (of a desk, of a chest of drawers)
ⓐ draw
引き分け ひきわけ draw (in competition); tie game
* 引き分ける ひきわける to fight [end in] a draw
ⓑ pull; ⓒ bring
1 引き起こす ひきおこす to pull someone or something that has fallen over up; to pull upright; to give rise to; to cause; to bring about
ⓒ bring
引っ越しする
ひっこしする to move (house, office, etc.) (越= go beyond; change quarters)
引っ越す ひっこす to move (house, office, etc.)
ⓖ undertake
引き受ける ひきうける to take on [undertake, accept] (a task, a job, duties, responsibilities, etc.); to stand surety (for someone)
ⓘ subtract
割引
わりびき discount (割 ➦434)
* 学生割引 がくせいわりびき student discount
* 1割引 いちわりびき 10% off the price
音読み
ⓐ draw; ⓑ pull
引力
いんりょく 《physics》attraction (attractive force); gravity (the force that attracts objects towards each other); gravitational pull
ⓑ pull (back)
引退する いんたいする to retire
ⓓ lead
強引な ごういんな forcible (against one's will or in an unreasonable way); be in an illogical way
ⓔ extract
引用する いんようする to quote; to cite
索引 さくいん index
ⓖ undertake
‡ 引責 いんせき 《formal》taking responsibility
299
待
ⓐ wait
; ⓑ treat; ⓒ entertain
/待;等/待;等/기다릴[대];기다리다;다루다;대접하다
訓読み
ⓐ wait
待ち合わせる まちあわせる to arrange to meet
待合室 まちあいしつ waiting room (as in a station or a hospital); lounge (as in an airport)
音読み
ⓐ wait
期待する
きたいする to expect (期 ➦590)
ⓑ treat
1 待遇 たいぐう 《slightly formal》treatment
ⓒ entertain
招待する
しょうたいする to invitec (招 ➦405)
300
合
ⓐ fit
; ⓑ combine; ⓒ act upon each other; ⓓ condition; ⓔ unit of one-tenth
/合;互相;情况/合;互相;情況
/합할[합];맞다;맞추다;서로 하다;상황;용적이나 산의 높이 등의 10분의 1의 단위
訓読み
ⓐ fit
合う
あう to fit; to suit; to agree; to be right
間に合う
まにあう to be [get, reach] in time
似合う にあう to suit; to look good [nice] on; to match (似= to look like)
待ち合わせる まちあわせる to arrange to meet
* 答え合わせ こたえあわせ checking answers
問い合わせ といあわせ 《slightly formal》inquiry
ⓒ act upon each other
1 ↓見合い みあい formal marriage meeting; arranged introduction for marriage
1 ↑お見合い おみあい 《polite or colloquial》= 見合い
* 知り合う
しりあう to get acquainted (with someone); to get to know someone
知り合い しりあい acquaintance
付き合う つきあう to go with somebody; to associate with; to go around together (付 ➦344)
試合
しあい game; match (試 ➦327)
ⓓ condition
具合
ぐあい condition; convenience; manner (具 ➦606)
音読み
ⓐ fit
都合
つごう circumstances; convenience
‖ 都合がいい つごうがいい to suit one's schedule; to serve one's interest
合格する
ごうかくする 《slightly formal》to pass (an exam); to get through (a test); to stand (the quality test) (格 ➦431)
* 合法 ごうほう 《slightly formal》legality; lawfulness; legitimacy
ⓑ combine
合同 ごうどう 《slightly formal》joint (of two or more groups, organizations);《techinical in mathematics》congruence
1 合唱 がっしょう chorus
* 合宿
がっしゅく lodging together for training (宿 ➦322)
‡↓合 ごう 《philosophy》synthesis (in dialectics);《astronomy》conjunction (of a planet and the sun)
ⓔ unit of one-tenth (of the volume or of the height of a mountain)
‡↑合 ごう gō (one tenth of shō ("升"(しょう)≒ 1.8 liters), a traditional unit of volume); one-tenth of the way from the base to the summit of a mountain
‖ 八合目 はちごうめ eighth station (of a mountain)
301
建
/建/建/세울[건];(건물을) 짓다;세우다;제의하다
訓読み
ⓐ build
建つ
たつ ⦅vi.⦆ to be built; (of a house, a building, etc.,) to stand
建てる
たてる ⦅vt.⦆ to build; to found
音読み
ⓐ build
建設する
けんせつする 《formal》to construct; to build (設 ➦605)
建築 けんちく 《slightly formal》construction; building; architecture
ⓑ to state
‡ 建議 けんぎ 《very formal》proposal (to the government offices); memorial (to the government)
302
運
ⓐ move around
; ⓑ move forward; ⓒ to handle; ⓓ carry; ⓔ fortune
/运;进行;驾/運;進行;駕/옮길[운];돌아다니다;진행되다;움직여 부리다;나르다;운
訓読み
ⓑ move forward; ⓒ to handle; ⓓ carry
運ぶ
はこぶ to carry; to transport
音読み
ⓐ move around
運動
うんどう exercise (for physical fitness); sports; (political, social or physical) movement
運動する
うんどうする to exercise; to take [do] exercise; to campaign (against, for)
* 運動会 うんどうかい sports meeting
ⓐ move around; ⓓ carry
* 運行 うんこう 《formal》revolution (of a planet); service (of transportation on a fixed route)
ⓒ to handle
運転する
うんてんする to drive (an automobile); to operate [work] (a machine)
運転手
うんてんしゅ driver; professional driver
* 運転者 うんてんしゃ 《formal》driver
ⓓ carry
1 運送 うんそう 《slightly formal》transportation; transport
運河 うんが canal
1 運用 うんよう 《formal》(utilizing its function or ability) making use of; application; practical use;《economics》(asset) management
1 運営 うんえい 《slightly formal》management (such as of an organization or a system)
ⓔ fortune (←"turn of Fortune's wheel")
運 うん luck, fortune
幸運な こううんな 《slightly formal》lucky; fortunate
不運な ふうんな 《slightly formal》unlucky; unfortunate
303
急
ⓐ hurry
; ⓑ urgent; ⓒ sudden; ⓓ sharp; ⓔ vitally important
/急;陡;要/急;陡;要/급할[급];서두르다;급하다;중요하다
訓読み
ⓐ hurry
急ぐ
いそぐ to hurry (up); to rush; to hasten
音読み
ⓐ hurry; ⓒ sudden; ⓓ sharp
急な きゅうな rapid (stream); sudden; sharp (curve, turn); steep (slope)
ⓐ hurry
急行 きゅうこう express (train) (< an abbreviation of "急行列車"(きゅうこうれっしゃ)or "急行電車"(きゅうこうでんしゃ))
特急 とっきゅう special [limited] express (train) (< an abbreviation of "特別急行列車"(とくべつきゅうこうれっしゃ)or "特別急行電車"(とくべつきゅうこうでんしゃ))(特 ➦453)
ⓑ urgent
* 急用 きゅうよう urgent business
* 救急車
きゅうきゅうしゃ ambulance (救= rescue)
ⓒ sudden
* 急病 きゅうびょう sudden illness
ⓓ sharp
* 急カーブ きゅうかーぶ sharp curve [turn]
‡ 急勾配 きゅうこうばい 《slightly formal》steep (gradient)
ⓔ vitally important
‡ 急所 きゅうしょ 《slightly formal》(body part concerning one's live) vital organ [spot]; male crotch (as a target in fighting);《figuratively》essential point; sore spot; weak point
304
進
ⓐ advance
; ⓑ proffer; ⓒ enterprising
/进(向前进,赠给);自愿地/進(向前進,贈給);自願地/나아갈[진];나아가다;드리다;나서서
訓読み
ⓐ advance
↓進む
すすむ ⦅vi.⦆ to go forward [ahead]; to advance; to make progress; to get along with; (of a clock or a watch,) to gain time [run fast]
進める すすめる ⦅vt.⦆ to put forward; to advance; to go on with
ⓒ enterprising
‡↑進んで すすんで ⦅adv.⦆ enterprisingly; voluntarily; willingly
音読み
ⓐ advance
前進する
ぜんしんする 《slightly formal》to go forward; to progress; to advance
進歩する しんぽする to (make) progress (to a desired direction); to advance
進学する
しんがくする 《slightly formal》to go on to [enter] the next stage of education
ⓑ proffer
1 進呈する しんていする 《formal》to present (a gift) (in more formal situation, "贈呈する"(ぞうていする))(呈= to present; to show)
‡ 進言 しんげん 《formal》suggestion [advice] (to the superiors)
ⓒ enterprising
‡ 進取 しんしゅ 《very formal》enterprise; pioneering