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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第19課
305

()

セツ

、ゼイ

explain

; theory; narrative; preach
말씀[설];설명하다;설;이야기;설득하다
 訓読み
explain; preach
1  

説く

とくformal and slightly archaicto preach (religious teachings, moral principles, etc.); to expound; to prevail on
音読み
explain

説明する

せつめいするto explain; to account (for); to illustrate; to show
*

説明書

せつめいしょoperating manual; description; (printed) instruction
説得せっとくpersuasion
theory
せつformaltheory; opinion; view
narrative

小説

しょうせつnovel; story
*

小説家

しょうせつかnovelist
preach
遊説ゆうぜいformal(politician's) canvass; canvassing tour

306

おな(じ)

ドウ

same

; together
한가지[동];같다;같이
 訓読み
same

同じ

おなじthe same
音読み
same

同時に

どうじにat the same time; simultaneously
同様にどうようにslightly formalsimilarly; alike; equally; in the same way; likewise
1  同意するどういするformalto agree
1  同情するどうじょうするto sympathize (with); to feel sympathetic (toward [to]); to feel pity (for) (情 491)
同僚どうりょうco-worker; colleague

同窓会

どうそうかいalumni [alumnae] meeting; alumni [alumnae] association; class reunion
1  同盟どうめいalliance
together
合同ごうどうslightly formaljoint (of two or more groups, organizations)
         mathematicscongruence
*共同きょうどうslightly formalcooperation; collaboration; joint
*共同生活きょうどうせいかつslightly formalcommunal life [living]; living together under one roof
1  同居するどうきょするslightly formalto live together

307

mind

; meaning
뜻[의];뜻
音読み
mind; meaning
1  formalmind; will; wish; feeling; meaning
mind

意見

いけんopinion; view; advice
1  意向いこうformalintention; wish (向 456)
意向形いこうけいgrammarvolitional form
意思いしformalmind; intention
意志いしslightly formalwill
意識いしきconsciousness; sense

得意な

とくいなgood at (supported by high degree of skill or self-confidence); proud (often with speaker's annoying feeling) (得 550)
1  決意するけついするformalto determine; to resolve; to deside with a firm will

用意する

よういするto prepare (all the necessary things); to ready oneself
1  同意するどういするformalto agree
1  合意ごういformalagreement
注意するちゅういするto pay attention; to take notice; to mind; to take care; to give a warning
1  意図いとslightly formalintention; purpose (which somone thinking through doing something)
意外ないがいなunexpected; surprising
意地悪ないじわるなmean (disposition); spiteful; nasty
meaning

意味

いみmeaning; significance
同意語どういごlinguisticssynonim (=同義語(どうぎご))

308

あじ

、あじ(わう)

taste

; contents; companion; suffix indicating the nature or condition
味;感受;质量;内容;一伙;表示性质和状态的后缀味;感受;質量;内容;一夥;表示性質和狀態的後綴
맛[미];맛;상태;내용;한패;성질이나 상태를 나타내는 접미사
 訓読み
taste

あじtaste; flavor
味わうあじわうto savor; to taste
書き味かきあじwriting touch (of a pen); writing performance (of a pen)
切れ味きれあじcutting quality (of an edged tool); quick-wittedness
音読み
taste

趣味

しゅみhobby; taste (趣= flavor

興味

きょうみinterest (興= amusement

調味料

ちょうみりょうseasoning
甘味料かんみりょうformalsweetener (甘 447)
*美味びみformaldeliciousness; dainty food
1  味覚みかくslightly archaic(sense of) taste (覚 410)
contents

意味

いみmeaning; significance
中味なかみ  «also written as "中身"(身 564)» content; substance
地味なじみなplain (unembellished); sober [quiet] (color); not showy
companion (phonetic equivalent)
味方みかたone's side; friend; ally
suffix indicating the nature or condition (← from a phonetic equivalent of "", the nominalizing suffix of some adjectives
甘味あまみ  «"", generally written in hiragana» concretesweet taste
特別な読み
taste
美味しいおいしい  «officially written in hiragana» tasty; nice (of food); yummy (美 466)
美味いうまい  «officially written in hiragana, also written as "旨いrough in colloquialtasty; nice (of food); yummy

309

そそ(ぐ)

チュウ

pour

; concentrate; take notes of; annotation
注;註물댈[주];붓다;따르다;집중시키다;적어 두다;주(주해)
 訓読み
pour; concentrate

注ぐ

そそぐslightly formalto pour; to concentrate (one's efforts, spirit, attention, etc.)
音読み
pour
注射ちゅうしゃinjection
concentrate

注意する

ちゅういするto pay attention; to take notice; to mind; to take care; to give a warning
注目するちゅうもくするto take note (of); to keep an eye (on)
take notes of
注文ちゅうもんorder (making a request for food, drink, goods, etc.)
annotation
ちゅうformalannotation

310

ふみ

ブン

モン

pattern; letter; character;

sentence

; writings; literary; arts and sciences; civilized; former monetary unit
文;纹文;紋글월[문];무늬;글자;글월;학예;개화되다;옛 화폐 단위
 訓読み
letter
ふみarchaic(message) letter
恋文こいぶみarchaiclove letter
音読み
pattern
文様もんようformal and archaicpattern; design
letter; character
文字もんじarchaicalphabet; character [letter]
sentence

ぶんsentence
文型ぶんけいgrammarsentence pattern (型 615)
文章ぶんしょうsentence; writings; composition (章 600)
*例文れいぶんexample (sentence); illustrative sentence
英文えいぶんEnglish (text); English sentence
和文わぶんformalJapanese (text); sentence in Japanese
1  本文ほんぶんtext (of document); body (of letter)
sentence; writings
*長文ちょうぶんlong sentence; long piece of writing; long message; long article
writings

作文

さくぶんcomposition (written as a school exercise)

文法

ぶんぽうgrammar (法 470)
1  文書ぶんしょformaldocument; archives; writing
文房具ぶんぼうぐstationery; writing materials

論文

ろんぶんthesis; monograph; dissertation; (academic or research) paper (論 591)
文献ぶんけんdocuments [literature] (as a reference)

注文

ちゅうもんorder (making a request for food, drink, goods, etc.)
文句もんく(expression of) complaint (sometimes unreasonable); grumble;slightly formalphrase; expression (句= phrase
literary

文学

ぶんがくliterature; letters
‖ 日本文学にほんぶんがくJapanese literature
文学部ぶんがくぶfaculty [school] of literature [letters]; faculty [school] of humanities and human sciences
1  文語ぶんごliterary language
arts and sciences
文部科学省もんぶかがくしょうproper nameMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
文民ぶんみんformalcivilian
文科ぶんかformalhumanities and social sciences
civilized

文化

ぶんかculture (化 502)
文明ぶんめいcivilization
*人文科学じんぶんかがくcultural science; the humanities
<abbreviation of "文科">
文系ぶんけい(majoring in) humanities and social sciences (= "文科系" (ぶんかけい))
(↔ "理系"(りけい, "理科系"(りかけい) (majoring in) natural science) (系= lineage; category
特別な読み
letter; character

文字

もじslightly formalalphabet; character [letter]

311

たと(える)

レイ

example

; rule; regular; liken; in question
例;比喻;(谈话双方都知道的)那个例;比喻;(談話雙方都知道的)那個
법식[례]([예]);예;규칙;비유하다
 訓読み
example

例えば

たとえばfor example; for instance
example; liken
1  例えたとえsimile; metaphor; example
liken
例えるたとえるto compare (something to another thing); to liken; to illustrate; to use a simile
音読み
example; rule

れいexample; instance; illustration; precedent;slightly formalcustom; convention
example

例外

れいがいexception
*

例文

れいぶんexample (sentence); illustrative sentence
1  比例ひれいmathematicsproportion; ratio
rule
*条例じょうれいpoliticsregulation (of a local authority); ordinance
1  慣例かんれいslightly formalcustom; convention
regular
*例年れいねんslightly formalaverage year; annually
regular; in question
例のれいのusual; that (previously-mentioned person or object)

312

ただ(しい)

、ただ()

まさ

セイ

ショウ

right;

correct

; exact; regular; principal; front; plus
바를[정];바르다;맞다;바로;고르다;첫째가는;앞쪽;정
 訓読み
right
*正すただすformalto redress; to straighten oneself
right; correct

正しい

ただしいslightly formalright; correct
right; exact
1正しくまさしく  «often written in hiragana» formal and slightly archaicundoubtedly; surely; exactly; just

正に

まさに  «often written in hiragana» formalexactly; just; undoubtedly; quite (right, true)
音読み
right
1  正義せいぎslightly formaljustice
不正ふせいformalinjustice
正直なしょうじきなhonest
right; correct
修正するしゅうせいするslightly formalto modify (an opinion, a plan, a contract, etc.); to revise (a direction of something such as a plan, an opinion); to amend (a law, a documents, etc.); to correct
correct
1  正解せいかいslightly formalcorrect [right] answer
1  訂正するていせいするslightly formalto correct (a literal mistake, a mistake in words, etc.)
exact

正確な

せいかくな(of such as a numerical value or an information, just fit to a real state,) correct; exact; accurate; precise (確 596)
*正反対せいはんたいantithesis; being just the oposite

正午

しょうごformalnoon
regular
正常なせいじょうなslightly formalnormal; regular
正式なせいしきなslightly formalformal
正方形せいほうけいmathematicssquare
principal
正副せいふくformalprincipal and vice- ; original and duplicate (of a document)
‖ 正副議長せいふくぎちょうformalchairperson and vice-chairperson
‖ 正副2通の書類せいふくにつうのしょるいformaloriginal and duplicate of a document
警視正けいしせいformalsenior superintendent (one of a police rank)

正月

しょうがつthe first several days (seven days or so) of the year; New Year's days
正門せいもんmain gate
せいphilosophythesis (in dialectics)
front
正面しょうめんthe front (of a building or object); front face; facade
plus
正のせいのmathematicsplus; positive (↔ "負の" (ふの) mathematics or slightly formalminus; negative (負 548))

313

なお(す)

なお(る)

ただ(ちに)

チョク

ジキ

straight; right; honest; direct; immediate (time or place); be on a shift; repair;

to correct

; do over again
直;立刻;很近;值班;修理;修改;改正;改做直;立刻;很近;值班;修理;修改;改正;改做
곧을[직];바로;90도로 교차한;곧다;직접;당번;고치다
 訓読み
honest
素直なすなおなobedient; honest
immediate (time or place)

直ちに

ただちに  «often written in hiragana» formalimmediately; at once; instanly; right away
repair; to correct

直る

なおるvi.to be repaired; to be mended; to be correctted; to be fixed

直す

なおすvt.to repair; to mend; to put (something) right; to correct; to fix
do over again
やり直すやりなおすto redo
やり直しやりなおしredoing

見直す

みなおすto look over (the paper); to reconsider; to review
見直しみなおしlooking over (the paper); reconsidering; review
音読み
straight
直線ちょくせんstraight line
*直立ちょくりつformalstanding straight [upright]
right (angle)
直角ちょっかくright angle
直交するちょっこうするmathematicsto cross at right angles; to cut orthogonally each other
直方体ちょくほうたいmathematicsrectangular [right-angled] parallelepiped
honest

正直な

しょうじきなhonest
direct

直接

ちょくせつdirectly; immediately; personally (接 565)
immediate (time or place)
直前ちょくぜんslightly formalimmediately [just] before; just in front of
直後ちょくごslightly formalimmediately [just] after; just behind
be on a shift
宿直しゅくちょくformalnight duty [shift]
日直にっちょくformalperson on day duty (especially of a school class)

314

こた(え)

こた(える)

トウ

answer

答;回答;解答答;回答;解答대답할[답];대답(하다);답(하다)
 訓読み
answer

答え

こたえanswer; reply

答える

こたえるto answer; to reply
音読み
answer
答案とうあんformalanswer (examination script); examination paper

解答

かいとうformalanswer (to a question); solution (of [to] a problem) (解 589)

回答

かいとうslightly formalreply; answer (to an inquiry, in a questionnaire, etc.)
1  返答へんとうformalresponse; answer; reply

315

()

、そ(らす)

ハン

、ホン、タン
rebound; inverse;

oppose

; act against; bend backward; roll of cloth
反;向后弯;和服衣料反;向後彎;和服衣料돌이킬[반];돌이키다;반대의;거스르다;휘다;피륙
 訓読み
bend backward

反る

そるto be warped; to bend backward
音読み
rebound
反映はんえいslightly formalreflection
1  反応はんのうreaction
*反復はんぷくslightly formalrepetition
1反発するはんぱつするto rebound; to react against; (of the stock market,) to rally (発 333)
inverse
反意語はんいごlinguisticsantonym; opposite (=反対語(はんたいご))
反比例はんぴれいmathematicsinverse proportion
反省するはんせいするto reflect (on oneself, on one's past behaviour); to regret
oppose

反対

はんたいopposition; objection; the opposite; the reverse

反対に

はんたいにon the contrary; in the opposite direction
反抗するはんこうするto resist; to disobey; to rebel; to revolt; to defy
1反発するはんぱつするto rebel against; to oppose; to resist; to repel (発 333)
反するはんするslightly formalto be contrary to; to act contrary to (rules or guidelines)
反~はん~anti-
反体制はんたいせいslightly formalanti-establishment
反日はんにち 《slightly formalanti-Japan(ese) (↔ "親日"(しんにち) 《slightly formalpro-Japan(ese)
act against
違反いはんviolation; offense; breach (違 317)
*駐車違反ちゅうしゃいはんparking violation
1  反乱はんらんrebellion; revolt
謀反むほんarchaictreason; rebellion
roll of cloth
反物たんものarchaicroll of cloth (for kimono)
(others: former unit of fabric size or of area)
一反いったんlength of fabric required to make a piece of clothes, at least 10 m for kimonos; about one-tenth
hectare
減反げんたんagricultureacreage reduction

316

タイ

ツイ

confront; cope with;

toward

; opposite; oppose; versus; pair
대할[대];대하다;대;쌍
音読み
confront; cope with
対するたいするslightly formalto face; to receive (a client, etc.); to cope with
confront
1  対話たいわformaldialogue
対面たいめんslightly formalact of meeting face to face; face-to-face (面 457)
cope with
1  対応するたいおうするslightly formalto deal (with); to cope (with); correspond (to)
応対するおうたいするslightly formalto receive (callers); to wait on (customers)
対策たいさくmeasures; countermeasure
toward
(~に)対する(~に)たいするslightly formaltoward ~
‖ 質問に対する答えしつもんにたいするこたえanswer to the question

~に対して

~にたいしてas opposed to ~; against ~; in regard to ~; toward ~; to ~
opposite
これに対して、~  これにたいして、~  In contrast, ~; Whereas, ~
oppose

反対

はんたいopposition; objection; the opposite; the reverse
反対にはんたいにon the contrary; in the opposite direction
対立するたいりつするslightly formalto oppose; to conflict
oppose; versus
()()(エー)たい(ビー)A versus B; A to B; A against B
versus
1  対比たいひformalcontrast; comparison

絶対に

ぜったいにabsolutely; with negative verbnever (絶 549)
pair
1

ついformalpair

317

ちが(う)

ちが(える)

go against;

differ

违;分歧;不同違;分歧;不同어긋날[위];어긋나다;다르다
 訓読み
differ

違う

ちがうto be different

違い

ちがいdifference

間違い

まちがいmistake; something wrong

間違う

まちがう  «often written in hiragana»
   vi.used in ta-form or teiru-formto be mistaken; to be wrong
   vt.colloquial and subjectiveto make a mistake; to mistake In colloquial speech, there is a connotation of carelessness.

間違える

まちがえる  «often written in hiragana» vt.to make a mistake; to mistake
音読み
go against

違反

いはんviolation; offense; breach
*

駐車違反

ちゅうしゃいはんparking violation
*違法いほうslightly formalillegality; unlawfulness
differ
相違そういformaldifference; disagreement
*違和感いわかんslightly formalfeeling of discomfort (caused by a mismatch); physical discomfort

318

よし

ユウ

ユイ

derive from; by way of; by the discretion;

reason

; means; something heard
由;手段;听说由;手段;聽說말미암을[유];기원되다;거쳐 지나가다;재량으로;까닭;수단;-다니
 訓読み
reason; means; something heard
よしarchaicreason; means; (to) the effect; I hear that ...
音読み
derive from
*由来ゆらいslightly formal and slightly archaicorigin; history; derivation
by way of

経由

けいゆslightly formalvia; (by) way of (経 475)
by the discretion

自由

じゆうfreedom; liberty

自由な

じゆうなfree; unfettered
reason

理由

りゆうreason; grounds

由緒

ゆいしょformal and slightly archaic(long and honorable) history; (good) lineage

319

かたち

かた

ケイ

ギョウ

shape

; form; state; mark
形;迹形;跡형상[형];모양;형상;-형;자국
 訓読み
shape; form

かたちform; shape
shape
三日月形みかづきがたcrescent shape
mark
*

手形

てがたhandprint;economicsnote of hand [promissory note]; bill of exchange (← A handprint used to be stamped on a contract document.
歯形はがたteeth marks cf. "歯型" (はがた) medicalteeth impression; teeth mold (型 615))
1  形見かたみkeepsake; memento
音読み
shape; form
長方形ちょうほうけいmathematicsrectangle
正方形せいほうけいmathematicssquare
図形ずけいfigure; diagram
shape

人形

にんぎょうdoll
form

辞書形

じしょけいgrammardictionary form

テ形

てけいgrammarte-form
形容詞けいようしgrammaradjective (容 595; 詞= words; part of speech





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