日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第19課
305
説
ⓐ explain
; ⓑ theory; ⓒ narrative; ⓓ preach
/说/說/말씀[설];설명하다;설;이야기;설득하다
訓読み
ⓐ explain; ⓓ preach
1 説く
とく 《formal and slightly archaic》to preach (religious teachings, moral principles, etc.); to expound; to prevail on
音読み
ⓐ explain
説明する
せつめいする to explain; to account (for); to illustrate; to show
* 説明書
せつめいしょ operating manual; description; (printed) instruction
説得 せっとく persuasion
ⓑ theory
説 せつ 《formal》theory; opinion; view
ⓒ narrative
ⓓ preach
‡ 遊説 ゆうぜい 《formal》(politician's) canvass; canvassing tour
306
同
/同/同/한가지[동];같다;같이
訓読み
ⓐ same
音読み
ⓐ same
同時に
どうじに at the same time; simultaneously
同様に どうように 《slightly formal》similarly; alike; equally; in the same way; likewise
1 同意する どういする 《formal》to agree
1 同情する どうじょうする to sympathize (with); to feel sympathetic (toward [to]); to feel pity (for) (情 ➦491)
同僚 どうりょう co-worker; colleague
‡ 同窓会
どうそうかい alumni [alumnae] meeting; alumni [alumnae] association; class reunion
1 同盟 どうめい alliance
ⓑ together
合同 ごうどう 《slightly formal》joint (of two or more groups, organizations)
‡ 《mathematics》congruence
* 共同 きょうどう 《slightly formal》cooperation; collaboration; joint
* 共同生活 きょうどうせいかつ 《slightly formal》communal life [living]; living together under one roof
1 同居する どうきょする 《slightly formal》to live together
307
意
/意/意/뜻[의];뜻
音読み
ⓐ mind; ⓑ meaning
1 意 い 《formal》mind; will; wish; feeling; meaning
ⓐ mind
意見
いけん opinion; view; advice
1 意向 いこう 《formal》intention; wish (向 ➦456)
‡ 意向形 いこうけい 《grammar》volitional form
意思 いし 《formal》mind; intention
意志 いし 《slightly formal》will
意識 いしき consciousness; sense
得意な
とくいな good at (supported by high degree of skill or self-confidence); proud (often with speaker's annoying feeling) (得 ➦550)
1 決意する けついする 《formal》to determine; to resolve; to deside with a firm will
用意する
よういする to prepare (all the necessary things); to ready oneself
1 同意する どういする 《formal》to agree
1 合意 ごうい 《formal》agreement
注意する ちゅういする to pay attention; to take notice; to mind; to take care; to give a warning
1 意図 いと 《slightly formal》intention; purpose (which somone thinking through doing something)
意外な いがいな unexpected; surprising
意地悪な いじわるな mean (disposition); spiteful; nasty
ⓑ meaning
意味
いみ meaning; significance
‡ 同意語 どういご 《linguistics》synonim (=同義語(どうぎご))
308
味
ⓐ taste
; ⓑ contents; ⓒ companion; ⓓ suffix indicating the nature or condition
/味;感受;质量;内容;一伙;表示性质和状态的后缀/味;感受;質量;内容;一夥;表示性質和狀態的後綴
/맛[미];맛;상태;내용;한패;성질이나 상태를 나타내는 접미사
訓読み
ⓐ taste
味わう あじわう to savor; to taste
‡ 書き味 かきあじ writing touch (of a pen); writing performance (of a pen)
‡ 切れ味 きれあじ cutting quality (of an edged tool); quick-wittedness
音読み
ⓐ taste
趣味
しゅみ hobby; taste (趣= flavor)
興味
きょうみ interest (興= amusement)
‡ 甘味料 かんみりょう 《formal》sweetener (甘 ➦447)
* 美味 びみ 《formal》deliciousness; dainty food
1 味覚 みかく 《slightly archaic》(sense of) taste (覚 ➦410)
ⓑ contents
意味
いみ meaning; significance
中味 なかみ «also written as "中身"(身 ➦564)» content; substance
地味な じみな plain (unembellished); sober [quiet] (color); not showy
ⓒ companion (phonetic equivalent)
味方 みかた one's side; friend; ally
ⓓ suffix indicating the nature or condition (← from a phonetic equivalent of "み", the nominalizing suffix of some adjectives)
‡ 甘味 あまみ «"味", generally written in hiragana» 《concrete》sweet taste
特別な読み
ⓐ taste
美味しい おいしい «officially written in hiragana» tasty; nice (of food); yummy (美 ➦466)
美味い うまい «officially written in hiragana, also written as "旨い"» 《rough in colloquial》tasty; nice (of food); yummy
309
注
ⓐ pour
; ⓑ concentrate; ⓒ take notes of; ⓓ annotation
/注/注;註/물댈[주];붓다;따르다;집중시키다;적어 두다;주(주해)
訓読み
ⓐ pour; ⓑ concentrate
注ぐ
そそぐ 《slightly formal》to pour; to concentrate (one's efforts, spirit, attention, etc.)
音読み
ⓐ pour
注射 ちゅうしゃ injection
ⓑ concentrate
注意する
ちゅういする to pay attention; to take notice; to mind; to take care; to give a warning
注目する ちゅうもくする to take note (of); to keep an eye (on)
ⓒ take notes of
注文 ちゅうもん order (making a request for food, drink, goods, etc.)
ⓓ annotation
注 ちゅう 《formal》annotation
310
文
ⓐ pattern; ⓑ letter; ⓒ character; ⓓ sentence
; ⓔ writings; ⓕ literary; ⓖ arts and sciences; ⓗ civilized; ⓘ former monetary unit
/文;纹/文;紋/글월[문];무늬;글자;글월;학예;개화되다;옛 화폐 단위
訓読み
ⓑ letter
‡↓文 ふみ 《archaic》(message) letter
‡ 恋文 こいぶみ 《archaic》love letter
音読み
ⓐ pattern
‡ 文様 もんよう 《formal and archaic》pattern; design
ⓑ letter; ⓒ character
‡↓文字 もんじ 《archaic》alphabet; character [letter]
ⓓ sentence
‡ 文型 ぶんけい 《grammar》sentence pattern (型 ➦615)
文章 ぶんしょう sentence; writings; composition (章 ➦600)
* 例文 れいぶん example (sentence); illustrative sentence
英文 えいぶん English (text); English sentence
‡ 和文 わぶん 《formal》Japanese (text); sentence in Japanese
1 本文 ほんぶん text (of document); body (of letter)
ⓓ sentence; ⓔ writings
* 長文 ちょうぶん long sentence; long piece of writing; long message; long article
ⓔ writings
作文
さくぶん composition (written as a school exercise)
1 文書 ぶんしょ 《formal》document; archives; writing
文房具 ぶんぼうぐ stationery; writing materials
論文
ろんぶん thesis; monograph; dissertation; (academic or research) paper (論 ➦591)
文献 ぶんけん documents [literature] (as a reference)
注文
ちゅうもん order (making a request for food, drink, goods, etc.)
文句 もんく (expression of) complaint (sometimes unreasonable); grumble;《slightly formal》phrase; expression (句= phrase)
ⓕ literary
文学
ぶんがく literature; letters
‖ 日本文学 にほんぶんがく Japanese literature
文学部 ぶんがくぶ faculty [school] of literature [letters]; faculty [school] of humanities and human sciences
1 文語 ぶんご literary language
ⓖ arts and sciences
文部科学省 もんぶかがくしょう 《proper name》Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
‡ 文民 ぶんみん 《formal》civilian
‡ 文科 ぶんか 《formal》humanities and social sciences
ⓗ civilized
文明 ぶんめい civilization
* 人文科学 じんぶんかがく cultural science; the humanities
○<abbreviation of "文科">
‡ 文系 ぶんけい (majoring in) humanities and social sciences (= "文科系" (ぶんかけい))
(↔ "理系"(りけい, "理科系"(りかけい) (majoring in) natural science) (系= lineage; category)
特別な読み
ⓑ letter; ⓒ character
↑文字
もじ 《slightly formal》alphabet; character [letter]
311
例
ⓐ example
; ⓑ rule; ⓒ regular; ⓓ liken; ⓔ in question
/例;比喻;(谈话双方都知道的)那个/例;比喻;(談話雙方都知道的)那個
/법식[례]([예]);예;규칙;비유하다
訓読み
ⓐ example
例えば
たとえば for example; for instance
ⓐ example; ⓓ liken
1 例え たとえ simile; metaphor; example
ⓓ liken
例える たとえる to compare (something to another thing); to liken; to illustrate; to use a simile
音読み
ⓐ example; ⓑ rule
↓例
れい example; instance; illustration; precedent;《slightly formal》custom; convention
ⓐ example
* 例文
れいぶん example (sentence); illustrative sentence
1 比例 ひれい 《mathematics》proportion; ratio
ⓑ rule
* 条例 じょうれい 《politics》regulation (of a local authority); ordinance
1 慣例 かんれい 《slightly formal》custom; convention
ⓒ regular
* 例年 れいねん 《slightly formal》average year; annually
ⓒ regular; ⓔ in question
↑例の れいの usual; that (previously-mentioned person or object)
312
正
ⓐ right; ⓑ correct
; ⓒ exact; ⓓ regular; ⓔ principal; ⓕ front; ⓖ plus
/正/正/바를[정];바르다;맞다;바로;고르다;첫째가는;앞쪽;정
訓読み
ⓐ right
* 正す ただす 《formal》to redress; to straighten oneself
ⓐ right; ⓑ correct
↓正しい
ただしい 《slightly formal》right; correct
ⓐ right; ⓒ exact
1 ↑正しく まさしく «often written in hiragana» 《formal and slightly archaic》undoubtedly; surely; exactly; just
正に
まさに «often written in hiragana» 《formal》exactly; just; undoubtedly; quite (right, true)
音読み
ⓐ right
1 正義 せいぎ 《slightly formal》justice
不正 ふせい 《formal》injustice
正直な しょうじきな honest
ⓐ right; ⓑ correct
修正する しゅうせいする 《slightly formal》to modify (an opinion, a plan, a contract, etc.); to revise (a direction of something such as a plan, an opinion); to amend (a law, a documents, etc.); to correct
ⓑ correct
1 正解 せいかい 《slightly formal》correct [right] answer
1 訂正する ていせいする 《slightly formal》to correct (a literal mistake, a mistake in words, etc.)
ⓒ exact
正確な
せいかくな (of such as a numerical value or an information, just fit to a real state,) correct; exact; accurate; precise (確 ➦596)
* 正反対 せいはんたい antithesis; being just the oposite
ⓓ regular
正常な せいじょうな 《slightly formal》normal; regular
正式な せいしきな 《slightly formal》formal
正方形 せいほうけい 《mathematics》square
ⓔ principal
‡ 正副 せいふく 《formal》principal and vice- ; original and duplicate (of a document)
‖ 正副議長 せいふくぎちょう 《formal》chairperson and vice-chairperson
‖ 正副2通の書類 せいふくにつうのしょるい 《formal》original and duplicate of a document
‡ 警視正 けいしせい 《formal》senior superintendent (one of a police rank)
正月
しょうがつ the first several days (seven days or so) of the year; New Year's days
正門 せいもん main gate
‡↓正 せい 《philosophy》thesis (in dialectics)
ⓕ front
正面 しょうめん the front (of a building or object); front face; facade
ⓖ plus
‡↑正の せいの 《mathematics》plus; positive (↔ "負の" (ふの) 《mathematics or slightly formal》minus; negative (負 ➦548))
313
直
ⓐ straight; ⓑ right; ⓒ honest; ⓓ direct; ⓔ immediate (time or place); ⓕ be on a shift; ⓖ repair; ⓗ to correct
; ⓘ do over again
/直;立刻;很近;值班;修理;修改;改正;改做/直;立刻;很近;值班;修理;修改;改正;改做
/곧을[직];바로;90도로 교차한;곧다;직접;당번;고치다
訓読み
ⓒ honest
素直な すなおな obedient; honest
ⓔ immediate (time or place)
直ちに
ただちに «often written in hiragana» 《formal》immediately; at once; instanly; right away
ⓖ repair; ⓗ to correct
直る
なおる ⦅vi.⦆ to be repaired; to be mended; to be correctted; to be fixed
直す
なおす ⦅vt.⦆ to repair; to mend; to put (something) right; to correct; to fix
ⓘ do over again
やり直す やりなおす to redo
やり直し やりなおし redoing
見直す
みなおす to look over (the paper); to reconsider; to review
見直し みなおし looking over (the paper); reconsidering; review
音読み
ⓐ straight
直線 ちょくせん straight line
* 直立 ちょくりつ 《formal》standing straight [upright]
ⓑ right (angle)
直角 ちょっかく right angle
‡ 直交する ちょっこうする 《mathematics》to cross at right angles; to cut orthogonally each other
‡ 直方体 ちょくほうたい 《mathematics》rectangular [right-angled] parallelepiped
ⓒ honest
ⓓ direct
直接
ちょくせつ directly; immediately; personally (接 ➦565)
ⓔ immediate (time or place)
直前 ちょくぜん 《slightly formal》immediately [just] before; just in front of
直後 ちょくご 《slightly formal》immediately [just] after; just behind
ⓕ be on a shift
‡ 宿直 しゅくちょく 《formal》night duty [shift]
‡ 日直 にっちょく 《formal》person on day duty (especially of a school class)
314
答
/答;回答;解答/答;回答;解答/대답할[답];대답(하다);답(하다)
訓読み
◎ answer
答える
こたえる to answer; to reply
音読み
◎ answer
答案 とうあん 《formal》answer (examination script); examination paper
解答
かいとう 《formal》answer (to a question); solution (of [to] a problem) (解 ➦589)
回答
かいとう 《slightly formal》reply; answer (to an inquiry, in a questionnaire, etc.)
1 返答 へんとう 《formal》response; answer; reply
315
反
ⓐ rebound; ⓑ inverse; ⓒ oppose
; ⓓ act against; ⓔ bend backward; ⓕ roll of cloth
/反;向后弯;和服衣料/反;向後彎;和服衣料/돌이킬[반];돌이키다;반대의;거스르다;휘다;피륙
訓読み
ⓔ bend backward
反る
そる to be warped; to bend backward
音読み
ⓐ rebound
反映 はんえい 《slightly formal》reflection
1 反応 はんのう reaction
* 反復 はんぷく 《slightly formal》repetition
1 ↓反発する はんぱつする to rebound; to react against; (of the stock market,) to rally (発 ➦333)
ⓑ inverse
‡ 反意語 はんいご 《linguistics》antonym; opposite (=反対語(はんたいご))
‡ 反比例 はんぴれい 《mathematics》inverse proportion
反省する はんせいする to reflect (on oneself, on one's past behaviour); to regret
ⓒ oppose
↓反対
はんたい opposition; objection; the opposite; the reverse
↑反対に
はんたいに on the contrary; in the opposite direction
反抗する はんこうする to resist; to disobey; to rebel; to revolt; to defy
1 ↑反発する はんぱつする to rebel against; to oppose; to resist; to repel (発 ➦333)
反する はんする 《slightly formal》to be contrary to; to act contrary to (rules or guidelines)
反~ はん~ anti-
‡ 反体制 はんたいせい 《slightly formal》anti-establishment
‡ 反日 はんにち 《slightly formal》anti-Japan(ese) (↔ "親日"(しんにち) 《slightly formal》pro-Japan(ese))
ⓓ act against
違反 いはん violation; offense; breach (違 ➦317)
* 駐車違反 ちゅうしゃいはん parking violation
1 反乱 はんらん rebellion; revolt
‡ 謀反 むほん 《archaic》treason; rebellion
ⓕ roll of cloth
‡ 反物 たんもの 《archaic》roll of cloth (for kimono)
○(others: former unit of fabric size or of area)
‡ 一反 いったん length of fabric required to make a piece of clothes, at least 10 m for kimonos; about one-tenth
hectare
‡ 減反 げんたん 《agriculture》acreage reduction
316
対
ⓐ confront; ⓑ cope with; ⓒ toward
; ⓓ opposite; ⓔ oppose; ⓕ versus; ⓖ pair
/对/對/대할[대];대하다;대;쌍
音読み
ⓐ confront; ⓑ cope with
↓対する たいする 《slightly formal》to face; to receive (a client, etc.); to cope with
ⓐ confront
1 対話 たいわ 《formal》dialogue
対面 たいめん 《slightly formal》act of meeting face to face; face-to-face (面 ➦457)
ⓑ cope with
1 対応する たいおうする 《slightly formal》to deal (with); to cope (with); correspond (to)
応対する おうたいする 《slightly formal》to receive (callers); to wait on (customers)
対策 たいさく measures; countermeasure
ⓒ toward
(~に)対する (~に)たいする 《slightly formal》toward ~
‖ 質問に対する答え しつもんにたいするこたえ answer to the question
(~に)対して
(~に)たいして as opposed to ~; against ~; in regard to ~; toward ~; to ~
ⓓ opposite
↑これに対して、~ これにたいして、~ In contrast, ~; Whereas, ~
ⓔ oppose
↓反対
はんたい opposition; objection; the opposite; the reverse
↑反対に はんたいに on the contrary; in the opposite direction
対立する たいりつする 《slightly formal》to oppose; to conflict
ⓔ oppose; ⓕ versus
↓(A)対(B) (エー)たい(ビー) A versus B; A to B; A against B
ⓕ versus
1 対比 たいひ 《formal》contrast; comparison
絶対に
ぜったいに absolutely; ⦅with negative verb⦆ never (絶 ➦549)
ⓖ pair
317
違
/违;分歧;不同/違;分歧;不同/어긋날[위];어긋나다;다르다
訓読み
ⓑ differ
間違い
まちがい mistake; something wrong
間違う
まちがう «often written in hiragana»
⦅vi.⦆《used in ta-form or teiru-form》to be mistaken; to be wrong
⦅vt.⦆《colloquial and subjective》to make a mistake; to mistake (In colloquial speech, there is a connotation of carelessness.)
間違える
まちがえる «often written in hiragana» ⦅vt.⦆ to make a mistake; to mistake
音読み
ⓐ go against
違反
いはん violation; offense; breach
* 駐車違反
ちゅうしゃいはん parking violation
* 違法 いほう 《slightly formal》illegality; unlawfulness
ⓑ differ
相違 そうい 《formal》difference; disagreement
* 違和感 いわかん 《slightly formal》feeling of discomfort (caused by a mismatch); physical discomfort
318
由
ⓐ derive from; ⓑ by way of; ⓒ by the discretion; ⓓ reason
; ⓔ means; ⓕ something heard
/由;手段;听说/由;手段;聽說/말미암을[유];기원되다;거쳐 지나가다;재량으로;까닭;수단;-다니
訓読み
ⓓ reason; ⓔ means; ⓕ something heard
‡ 由 よし 《archaic》reason; means; (to) the effect; I hear that ...
音読み
ⓐ derive from
* 由来 ゆらい 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》origin; history; derivation
ⓑ by way of
経由
けいゆ 《slightly formal》via; (by) way of (経 ➦475)
ⓒ by the discretion
自由な
じゆうな free; unfettered
ⓓ reason
‡ 由緒
ゆいしょ 《formal and slightly archaic》(long and honorable) history; (good) lineage
319
形
ⓐ shape
; ⓑ form; ⓒ state; ⓓ mark
/形;迹/形;跡/형상[형];모양;형상;-형;자국
訓読み
ⓐ shape; ⓑ form
ⓐ shape
‡ 三日月形 みかづきがた crescent shape
ⓓ mark
* 手形
てがた handprint;《economics》note of hand [promissory note]; bill of exchange (← A handprint used to be stamped on a contract document.)
‡ 歯形 はがた teeth marks (cf. "歯型" (はがた) 《medical》teeth impression; teeth mold (型 ➦615))
1 形見 かたみ keepsake; memento
音読み
ⓐ shape; ⓑ form
長方形 ちょうほうけい 《mathematics》rectangle
正方形 せいほうけい 《mathematics》square
図形 ずけい figure; diagram
ⓐ shape
ⓑ form
‡ 辞書形
じしょけい 《grammar》dictionary form
‡ テ形
てけい 《grammar》te-form
形容詞 けいようし 《grammar》adjective (容 ➦595; 詞= words; part of speech)