vocab_21

日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版

語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第21課

335

渡

訓

わた(る)

、

わた(す)

音

ト

ⓐ

to cross

; ⓑ go over; ⓒ give over; ⓓ go around; ⓔ all around

／渡;过;交给;遍／渡;過;交給;遍／건널[도];건너다;지나가다;주다;널리 퍼지다;두루

訓読み

ⓐ to cross; ⓑ go over; ⓒ give over

渡す

わたす ⦅vt.⦆ to ferry [carry] across; to hand (over); to lay [build] across

ⓐ to cross; ⓑ go over; ⓓ go around

渡る

わたる ⦅vi.⦆ to go across [over]; to cross; to pass (into someone's hands)

* 手渡すてわたす to hand (something (over) to somebody)

* 言い渡すいいわたす《formal》to announce (an order, judgement); to pass (a sentence)

ⓓ go around

* 行き渡るいきわたる to go around; to spread (all over); to reach every part (of)

ⓔ all around

1 見渡すみわたす to look (out) over; to survey

○(others)

渡辺 (さん ) わたなべ (さん ) 《proper name》(family name of Japanese) （辺 ➦620）

音読み

ⓐ to cross

‡ 渡河とか《formal》river crossing

ⓑ go over

* 渡航するとこうする《formal》to make a voyage [passage] （航＝ cruise）

渡米する

とべいする《formal》to go over to America （米 ➦372）

‡ 過渡期かとき《formal》transition [transitional] period

* 譲渡じょうと《formal》alienation [handover, transfer, assignment] (of property, right, etc.); negotiation (of securities)

336

通

訓

とお(る)

、

とお(す)

、

かよ(う)

音

ツウ

、ツ

ⓐ

pass (through)

; ⓑ throughout; ⓒ communicate; ⓓ counter for letters and documents; ⓔ commute; ⓕ widespread; ⓖ in accordance; ⓗ counter for ways

／通;-封;-件;定期去;照-:按-;-种／通;-封;-件;定期去;照-:按-;-種

／통할[통];통하다;처음부터 끝까지;-통;지나다;다니다;-대로;-가지

訓読み

ⓐ pass (through)

通る

とおる to pass; to pass [go] through

↓通りとおり street; road

大通りおおどおり main street; avenue; boulevard

↓

通す

とおす to pass something through; to let someone pass; to show someone into a room

ⓑ throughout

*↑～(Ｖ(masu-stem)＋)通す～とおす (to do) through; (to do) to the end

*↓心が通うこころがかよう《formal》to understand each other well

ⓔ commute

↑

通う

かよう to go to and from (a place) regularly; to commute (to school, to work, to the hospital, etc.)

ⓖ in accordance

↓

～(Ｖ(ta-form)＋／Ｎの＋)通りに

～とおりに «generally written in hiragana» in the same way (of doing)

↑～(Ｎ＋)通りに～どおりに in the same way (of doing)

ⓗ counter for ways (methods, kinds)

↑～(number)通り～とおり ~ ways

音読み

ⓐ pass (through)

通路つうろ passage; aisle

通行つうこう《slighly formal》passing along (a road, a street, etc.); passing a (traffic) lane; traffic (of people, vehicles, etc.)

通じるつうじる to lead to; to communicate (with); to be understood; to be well informed

↓通つう expert; connoisseur (person who has good knowledge of a certain matter)

通知つうち《slightly formal》notice; notification

通訳

つうやく interpretation; interpreter（訳＝ translate）

通信つうしん《slightly formal》correspondence; communication; message

* 通話つうわ《slightly formal》talk on the phone; telephone call

ⓓ counter for letters and documents

↑～(number)通～つう (counter for letters and documents)

ⓔ commute

交通

こうつう《slighly formal》traffc; means of transportation [transport] （交 ➦460）

* 交通規則こうつうきそく《formal》traffic rules [regulations]

* 交通事故こうつうじこ traffic accident （故 ➦384）

不通ふつう《formal》interruption (of infrastructure services such as traffic, telephone or electricity)

通勤つうきん《slighly formal》commuting

通学つうがく《slighly formal》commuting to school; going to school

* 通院つういん《slighly formal》regular hospital visits

通帳つうちょう passbook; bankbook

ⓕ widespread

↓

普通

ふつう ⦅adv.⦆ usually; normally; generally （＝普通は）（普 ➦601）

⦅n.⦆ local train （＜ an abbreviation of "普通列車"（ふつうれっしゃ））

↓

普通はふつうは usually; normally; generally

↑普通のふつうの usual; normal; ordinary; common (ordinary and not special)

‡ 普通形ふつうけい《grammar》plain form

‡ 普通体ふつうたい《grammar》plain style

共通のきょうつうの common (belonging to or shared by everyone or everything) （共 ➦562）

通貨つうか《formal》currency

337

走

訓

はし(る)

音

ソウ

ⓐ

run

; ⓑ move in response to a stimulus

／跑;走;快;趋／跑;走;快;趨

／달릴[주];달리다;달아나다;(산맥 등이) 뻗다;갑자기 전해지다;(감정 등에) 치우치다;자극에 반응하여 이동하다

訓読み

ⓐ run

走る

はしる to run

* 走りはしり running; run

* 走り回るはしりまわる to run around [about]

‡ 走り書きはしりがき scribble

音読み

ⓐ run

走行

そうこう《formal and objective》running (especially of a vehicle)

* 走者そうしゃ《formal》runner (in a competition); base runner (of a baseball)

御馳走ごちそう «generally written in hiragana» feast (meal) （← running from one place to another to prepare a feast）

‖ ご馳走様でした。ごちそうさまでした。«generally written in hiragana» ⦅a phrase used upon finishing a meal⦆ Thank you for the meal. (It is considered an act to express gratitude not only to the person who provided the meal, but also to the creature who gave life for the meal.)

‖ ご馳走様。ごちそうさま。«generally written in hiragana» (casual expression of "ごちそうさまでした。")

‡ 走馬灯そうまとう revolving lantern

ⓑ move in response to a stimulus

‡ 走光性そうこうせい《biology》phototaxis

338

泳

訓

およ(ぐ)

音

エイ

ⓐ

swim

; ⓑ get on in the world; ⓒ lose one's balance

／泳;随波逐流;失去平衡／泳;隨波逐流;失去平衡／헤엄칠[영];헤엄치다;헤치고 나아가다;균형을 잃다

訓読み

ⓐ swim; ⓑ get on in the world; ⓒ lose one's balance

泳ぐ

およぐ to swim

ⓐ swim

泳ぎおよぎ swimming; way of swimming

* 平泳ぎひらおよぎ breaststroke

音読み

ⓐ swim

水泳

すいえい《slightly formal》swimming (as a sport)

‖ 水泳教室すいえいきょうしつ swimming class; swimming school

339

飛

訓

と(ぶ)

、

と(ばす)

音

ヒ

ⓐ

fly

; ⓑ leap; ⓒ skip; ⓓ be scattered in the air; ⓔ fade; ⓕ go far away; ⓖ vigorously; ⓗ unexpected; ⓘ unfounded

／飞;跳;突然;去往远方;猛;奇／飛;跳;突然;去往遠方;猛;奇

／날[비];날다;뛰다;튀다;격렬히;예기치 않은;근거 없는

訓読み

ⓐ fly; ⓑ leap; ⓒ skip; ⓓ be scattered in the air; ⓔ fade; ⓕ go far away

飛ぶ

とぶ ⦅vi.⦆ to fly; (of a topic of conversation, a sequence of things,) to jump from one to another

飛ばす

とばす ⦅vt.⦆ to fly; to launch; to blow off; to skip

ⓐ fly; ⓑ leap

飛び出すとびだす to run [dash] out; to out; to jump [leap] out; to stick out; to pop out

ⓐ fly; ⓒ skip

‡ 飛び石とびいし stepping stone; flying stone

‖ 飛び石連休とびいしれんきゅう off-and-on holidays; non-consecutive holidays (series of holidays with one workday in between)

‡ 飛び級とびきゅう skipping a grade

音読み

ⓐ fly

飛行ひこう《formal》flight

飛行するひこうする《formal》to fly; to make a flight

飛行場ひこうじょう aerodrome; airfield; flying field

飛行機

ひこうき plane [airplane, aeroplane] （機 ➦354）

紙飛行機

かみひこうき paper plane [airplane, aeroplane] （機 ➦354）

宇宙飛行士

うちゅうひこうし astronaut （宇宙＝ outer space; 士＝ person in a certain profession）

340

登

訓

のぼ(る)

音

ト

、

トウ

ⓐ

climb

; ⓑ put (on record); ⓒ pick up (a competent person); ⓓ go to (school, a goverment office as a workplace)

／登;提升;上(学校、官厅)／登;提升;上(學校、官廳)

／오를[등];오르다;(문서에) 올리다;인재를 뽑다;(학생이 학교에) 가다;(직원이 관청에) 출근하다

訓読み

ⓐ climb

登る

のぼる to climb (up); to go up (a mountain, cliff, slope, stairs, ladder, etc.)

山登り

やまのぼり mountain climbing; hiking

音読み

ⓐ climb

登山

とざん《slightly formal》mountain climbing; mountaineering

登場するとうじょうする《slightly formal》to appear (on the stage, in the movie, in a story, on the scene, in a historical context, etc.)

ⓑ put (on record)

登録

とうろく registration; entry （録 ➦579）

‡ 登用するとうようする《formal》to appoint (someone) to a position

ⓓ go to (school, a goverment office as a workplace)

1 登校とうこう《slightly formal》going [coming] to school

‡ 登庁するとうちょうする《formal》to go [come] to the government office (as a workplace)

341

曲

訓

ま(がる)

、

ま(げる)

音

キョク

ⓐ

bend

; ⓑ curve; ⓒ make a turn; ⓓ distort; ⓔ wrong; ⓕ complicated; ⓖ

a piece of music

; ⓗ(play) script

／曲;拐;杂／曲;拐;雜／굽을[곡];굽다;(모퉁이를) 돌다;옳지 못하다;그릇되다;착잡하다;곡;대본

訓読み

ⓐ bend; ⓑ curve; ⓒ make a turn; ⓓ distort

曲がる

まがる ⦅vi.⦆ to bend; to curve; to twist; to (make a) turn

ⓐ bend; ⓑ curve; ⓓ distort

曲げる

まげる ⦅vt.⦆ to bend; to curve; to twist; to distort

音読み

ⓑ curve

曲線きょくせん curved line; curve

ⓖ a piece of music

曲

きょく piece of music; tune

作曲さっきょく (musical) composition

342

開

訓

あ(く)

、

あ(ける)

、

ひら(く)

、ひら(ける)

音

カイ

ⓐ

open

; ⓑ spread; ⓒ develop; ⓓ extract (root); ⓔ break up (a party)

／开;(差距)加大;散会／開;(差距)加大;散會

／열[개];열다;열리다;피다;(책을) 펴다;벌어지다;(제곱근을) 풀다;(파티를) 끝내다

訓読み

ⓐ open

↓

開く

あく ⦅vi.⦆ (of a door, a shop, a window, a lid, a box, etc.,) to open （the motion of removing the partition between the inside and the outside）

↓

開ける

あける ⦅vt.⦆ to open (a door, a shop, a window, a gate, a lid, a box, etc.) （removing the partition between inside and outside）;《subjective》to open (one's eyes, mouth)

ⓐ open; ⓑ spread; ⓓ extract (root)

↑

開く

ひらく

⦅vi.⦆ (of a flower, an umbrella, a sensu (folding hand fan), legs, etc.,) to open （opening or spreading out from a single point）; (of the gap between competitors,) to widen;《slightly formal》(of a door, a window, a gate, a lid, a box, eyes, a mouth, etc.,) to open （by moving towards two or more directions）

⦅vt.⦆ to open (a book, an umbrella, a sensu (folding hand fan), legs, etc.) （opening or spreading out from a single point）; to hold (a meeting, a party, etc.);《slightly formal》to open (an abstract thing such as a shop or an event);《objective and/or slightly formal》to open (eyes, a mouth) ;《mathematics》to extract (the square [cube, nth] root)

↓

開けるひらける (potential form of "開く"（ひらく）)

ⓐ open; ⓒ develop

*↑開けるひらける ⦅vi.⦆ (of a view,) to open out; (of a town or a country,) to develop

ⓔ break up (a party)

‡ お開きにするおひらきにする《slightly archaic》to break up (a party) （← Originally, it was used instead of "閉じる（とじる, to close）" which is the word of bad omen.）

音読み

ⓐ open

開放するかいほうする《slightly formal》to throw open; to open (to the public) （放 ➦393）

1 公開するこうかいする to open to the public; ; to release (a movie, an information, etc.)

開花かいか《slightly formal》flowering

開会

かいかい《formal》opening (of a meeting)

* 開店かいてん《slightly formal》opening (of a shop); setting up a shop

開始するかいしする《slightly formal》to begin; to commence

* 開場かいじょう《slightly formal》opening (the doors to an event, etc.)

* 開演かいえん《slightly formal》commencement of a performance

開通かいつう opening (of traffic, telephone service, etc.)

開発

かいはつする《slightly formal》to develop (new product, system, land, potential, etc.); to exploit (natural resources)

ⓓ extract (root)

‡ 開平かいへい《mathematics》extraction of the square root

343

閉

訓

し(まる)

、

し(める)

、

と(じる)

、と(ざす)

音

ヘイ

◎

／闭;关(门)／閉;關(門)／닫을[폐];닫다;닫히다

訓読み

◎ close

閉まる

しまる ⦅vi.⦆ (of a door, a window, a lid, etc.,) to close [shut] （the motion of creating the division of the inside and the outside, and disconnect the two groups）; (of a shop,) to close

閉める

しめる ⦅vt.⦆ to close [shut] (a door, a window, a lid, etc.) （the action of creating the division of the inside and outside, and disconnect the two groups）; to close (a shop); to close down (a shop)

閉じる

とじる

⦅vi.⦆《formal and slightly archaic》(of a door, a window, a lid, etc.,) to close [shut]（returning an object to an unopened state）

⦅vt.⦆ to close (a book, an umbrella, a sensu (folding hand fan), legs, eyes, a mouth, etc.) （closing to the original position or by moving towards two or more directions）;《slightly formal》to close [shut] (a door, a window, a gate, a lid, etc.,) （returning an object to an unopened state）; to close down (a shop)

音読み

◎ close

閉会

へいかい《formal》closing (of a meeting)

* 閉店するへいてんする《slightly formal》to close (the shop); to shut up shop

344

付

訓

つ(く)

、

つ(ける)

音

フ

ⓐ give; ⓑ deal with; ⓒ add to; ⓓ

attach

; ⓔ stick; ⓕ close to; ⓖ attend to; ⓗ write down; ⓘ be settled; ⓙ be created a new state or condition; ⓚ state of something relating to a person; ⓛ do as usual; ⓜ do strongly

／付;办;附;照应;周到;记上;了结;呈现;外表;常;强烈

／付;辦;附;照應;周到;記上;了結;呈現;外表;常;強烈

／붙을[부];주다;넘기다;맡기다;붙다;붙이다;묻다;묻히다;달다;딸리다;적다;결말이 나다;어떤 상태가 생기다;-매;평소 하고있다;강하게 하다

訓読み

ⓐ give; ⓒ add to (the main thing); ⓓ attach; ⓕ close to; ⓖ attend to; ⓗ write down; ⓘ be settled;

ⓛ do as usual; ⓜ do strongly

付く

つく ⦅vi.⦆ to be attached to; to stick to

付ける

つける ⦅vt.⦆ to attach; to apply to; to enter (an item in a paper); to add to; to give (a title, name)

ⓓ attach; ⓔ stick

くっ付くくっつく «generally written in hiragana» to adhere; to stick; to cling; to attach

ⓔ stick

貼り付けるはりつける to paste; to stick

ⓕ close to

近付けるちかづける «generally written as "近づける"» to put [bring] near [close]

近付くちかづく «generally written as "近づく"» to get near; to get close (to); to approach; to get acquainted (with)

付き合うつきあう to go with somebody; to associate with; to go around together

ⓖ attend to

受け付ける

うけつける to accept; to receive (an application)

受付

うけつけ reception [front, information] desk; receptionist

気が付く

きがつく «also written as "気がつく"» to notice; to become aware

気を付ける

きをつける «also written as "気をつける"» to be careful; to pay attention; to take care

見付かるみつかる «also written as "見つかる"» ⦅vi.⦆ to be found; to be discovered

見付けるみつける «also written as "見つける"» ⦅vt.⦆ to find; to discover

ⓗ write down

日付ひづけ date written on a document or letter; date

ⓘ be settled

片付く

かたづく «also written as "片づく"» to be put in order; to be settled

片付ける

かたづける «also written as "片づける"» to put in order; to clean up; to put away （片 ➦619）

後片付けあとかたづけ cleanup

音読み

ⓐ give

寄付するきふする to contribute

* 送付するそうふする《formal》to send

ⓑ deal with

‡ （～に）付する（付す）（～に）ふする（ふす）《very formal》to leave (something to someone's care); to charge (someone with a task); to pass over (a matter in silence)

1 付録ふろく appendix; extra (of magazine)

ⓓ attach

‡ 添付てんぷ《formal》attachment （添＝ add to）

‖ 添付ファイルてんぷふぁいる attached file; attachment

ⓕ close to

付近

ふきん《slightly formal》vicinity; neighborhood

345

始

訓

はじ(まる)

、

はじ(める)

音

シ

ⓐ

begin

; ⓑ origin

／始／始／비로소[시];시작(하다)

訓読み

ⓐ begin

始まる

はじまる ⦅vi.⦆ to begin; to start; to open

始める

はじめる ⦅vt.⦆ to begin; to start

音読み

ⓐ begin

開始する

かいしする《slightly formal》to begin; to commence

* 年末年始ねんまつねんし year-end and new year period

1 始末しまつ final state (with bad result); settlement; disposal （末 ➦403）

1 始発しはつ the first train [bus, plane, etc.] (of the day)

1 終始しゅうし《formal》(keeping a state or an action) from beginning to end; the whole time

346

集

訓

あつ(める)

、

あつ(まる)

、つど(う)

音

シュウ

◎

collect

／集／集／모을[집];모으다;모이다

訓読み

◎ collect

集まる

あつまる ⦅vi.⦆ to gather; to come [get] together; to collect

集まりあつまり gathering; meeting; party

集める

あつめる ⦅vt.⦆ to collect; to gather; to get together

* 集うつどう《formal and archaic》to get together (for a specific purpose)

音読み

◎ collect

集中する

しゅうちゅうする to concentrate

集合しゅうごう《slightly formal》gathering; assembly;《techinical in mathematics》set

募集する

ぼしゅうする《slightly formal》to advertise for; to recruit (a member) （募＝ seek widely）

募集中

ぼしゅうちゅう now looking for (a staff, membership, girlfriend [boyfriend], etc.)

347

変

訓

か(わる)

、

か(える)

音

ヘン

ⓐ

change

／变;异常;降(音阶)／變;異常;降(音階)／변할[변];변하다;정치적인 대사건;별나다;내림(음계)

訓読み

ⓐ change

変わる

かわる ⦅vi.⦆ to change; to turn; to alter

変える

かえる ⦅vt.⦆ to change; to turn; to alter

* 変わったかわった ⦅adjective equivalent⦆ odd; peculiar; curious

音読み

ⓐ change

変化へんか《slightly formal》change; variation

* 変色へんしょく《slightly formal》change of color; discoloration; tarnish

* 変形へんけい《slightly formal》transformation; deformation

ⓑ serious political incident

‡↓変へん《formal and archaic》(serious political) incident

↑

変な

へんな strange; peculiar; odd

大変な

たいへんな serious; tough; hard (work)

大変たいへん «generally written in hiragana» 《slightly formal》⦅adv.⦆ very; exceedingly

ⓓ flat scale

‡ 変ホ長調へんほちょうちょう《music》E-flat major

348

消

訓

き(える)

、

け(す)

音

ショウ

ⓐ

extinguish

／消;熄;关(灯、电视、电脑等)／消;熄;關(燈、電視、電腦等)

／사라질[소];끄다;꺼지다;지우다;사라지다;지워지다;(시간이나 돈을) 쓰다

訓読み

消える

きえる ⦅vi.⦆ to disappear; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to fade (of ink, a feeling, etc.)

消す

けす ⦅vt.⦆ to extinguish; to switch off (the device emitting light or sound); to turn off (the sound or light); to disappear; to erase

消しゴム

けしごむ eraser

音読み

ⓐ extinguish

* 消火するしょうかする《formal》to put out a fire

* 消火器しょうかき fire extinguisher

* 消防車しょうぼうしゃ fire engine

消防署

しょうぼうしょ fire station; firehouse

消毒しょうどく disinfection; sterilization （毒＝ poison; toxin）

ⓑ switch off (the device emitting light or sound)

* 消灯しょうとう《formal》lights-out （"灯": light）

1 消息しょうそく《slightly formal》what is going on; how one is getting along; news (from someone); (someone's) whereabouts （←"transition" ←"disappearance and birth"）

消化するしょうかする to digest; to handle (a task so as not to leave things undone); to follow (a schedule until it's over)

ⓓ consume

消費しょうひ《slightly formal》consumption

* 消費税しょうひぜい consumption tax

* 消費者しょうひしゃ《slightly formal》consumer

349

落

訓

お(ちる)

、

お(とす)

音

ラク

ⓐ

fall

／落;掉;漏;定;出逃／落;掉;漏;定;逃出

／떨어질[락]([낙]);떨어지다;빠지다;빠뜨리다;정해지다;정착지;도망치다

訓読み

落ちる

おちる ⦅vi.⦆ to fall; to drop; to drip; to go down; (of dirt [stains],) to be removed [to come off]; to lose (the color, the freshness); to fail (an examination); to lose (an election)

落とす

おとす ⦅vt.⦆ to drop; to let something fall [slip]; to remove (dirt, stain)

ⓐ fall

落とし物

おとしもの lost article [property] (found on the ground or the floor)

1 落ち葉おちば fallen leaves

1 落ち込むおちこむ to fall in; to cave in; to sink; to get depressed; to feel down; to decrease （込 ➦436）

ⓖ be settled

落ち着くおちつく to calm down; to settle down

* 落ちおち «generally written in katakana» (last) punch line

音読み

ⓐ fall

* 落書きらくがき (letters or a picture written for amusement or practical jokes) graffiti; scribble （originally, an anonymous document of social satire, that was dropped in a conspicuous place for someone to pick it up, or also pasted on the walls of houses）

ⓓ lose

1 落選らくせん《slightly formal》election defeat [loss]; rejection (of an exhibit)

ⓔ fail (an examination)

* 落第するらくだいする《slightly archaic》to fail (an examination)

ⓖ be settled

段落

だんらく paragraph （段 ➦433, 落＝ place to pause）

* 一段落するいちだんらくする to be settled for the time being; to pause

* 落語らくご rakugo; traditional Japanese comic storytelling by a single performer who is dressed in a kimono and sitting on zabuton (Japanese seat cushion) on stage.（"落" ←"落ち"（おち） (last) punch line）

ⓗ settlement

‡ 集落しゅうらく《formal》rural settlement; hamlet （落＝ be settled in a place）

‡ 村落そんらく《formal, social science》small community; (small) village; hamlet