日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第23課
365
竹
/竹/竹/대[죽];대나무;대
訓読み
◎ bamboo
* 竹の子
たけのこ〈also written as "筍"〉 bamboo shoot
‡↓竹林 たけばやし bamboo forest [grove]
音読み
◎ bamboo
‡↑竹林 ちくりん 《formal》bamboo forest [grove]
366
馬
ⓐ horse
; ⓑ implement which a person mounts; ⓒ lowly person
/马;卑贱者/馬;卑賤者/말[마];말;천한 사람
訓読み
ⓐ horse
‡ 絵馬 えま votive tablet of a horse
ⓑ implement which a person mounts
‡ 竹馬 たけうま stilts
ⓒ lowly person
‡ 野次馬 やじうま curious onlookers (people who gather out of curiosity at the scene of a fire or accident)
音読み
ⓐ horse
* 馬車
ばしゃ (horse-drawn) coach; carriage
* 乗馬 じょうば horse [horseback] riding
* 木馬 もくば wooden horse
‡ 出馬 しゅつば 《slightly formal》to run (for election); to come forward as a candidate;《archaic》to ride a horse into battle
ⓑ implement which a person mounts
‡ 跳馬 ちょうば 《gymnastics》vaulting table; (gymnastics) vault
ⓒ lowly person
‡ 馬齢 ばれい 《humble expression》one's own age
367
羊
ⓐ sheep
; ⓑ something that covers a fetus
/羊/羊/양[양];양;태아를 감싸고 있는 것
訓読み
ⓐ sheep
音読み
ⓐ sheep
‡ 羊肉 ようにく 《formal》mutton; (meat of) lamb
ⓑ something that covers a fetus
‡ 羊水 ようすい 《medical》amniotic fluid
特別な読み
ⓐ sheep
‡ 山羊 やぎ goat
368
欠
ⓐ be chipped; ⓑ wane; ⓒ lack
; ⓓ absent; ⓔ suspend; ⓕ interrupt; ⓖ yawn
/缺;欠;歇/缺;欠;歇/이지러질[결];이지러지다;모자라다;불참하다;거르다;하품
訓読み
ⓐ be chipped; ⓑ wane; ⓒ lack
欠ける
かける to lack; to be chipped; (of the moon,) to wane
音読み
ⓒ lack
* 欠員
けついん 《formal》vacancy (of staff); vacant position [post]; job opening
欠点
けってん point of lacking; fault; defect
欠陥 けっかん (of products, structures, systems) defect; (of discussion, planning, a person's character) flaw
ⓓ absent (←"usually appear, but not appear on the day")
欠席する
けっせきする 《slightly formal》to be absent (from school, class, meeting)
* 欠勤する けっきんする 《slightly formal》to be absent (from work)
* 出欠 しゅっけつ 《formal》attendance (and [or] absence)
ⓔ suspend
* 欠航
けっこう 《slightly formal》(flight [cruise]) cancellation; flight [cruise] suspended (航= sailing; flight)
ⓕ interrupt (substitution kanji of "歇")
‡ 間欠 かんけつ 《formal》intermittence
特別な読み
ⓖ yawn
欠伸 あくび «generally written in hiragana» yawn (←"yawning and stretching oneself"(伸= stretch))
369
貝
/贝/貝/조개[패];조개
訓読み
◎ shellfish
1 貝殻
かいがら shell (of a shellfish) (殻= shell)
370
糸
/(蚕丝、棉、金属等的)线/(蠶絲、棉、金屬等的)線/실[사];실
訓読み
◎ thread
毛糸
けいと wool thread [yarn]
‡↓絹糸 きぬいと silk thread [yarn]
‡ 生糸 きいと raw silk thread
音読み
◎ thread
‡↑絹糸 けんし 《formal》silk thread [yarn]
‡ 綿糸 めんし 《formal》cotton thread [yarn]
‡ 抜糸する
ばっしする 《medical》to remove (surgical) sutures [stitches] (抜= extract)
371
王
ⓐ king
; ⓑ Japanese Imperial family
/王;日本皇族/王;日本皇族/임금[왕];왕;일본의 황족
音読み
ⓐ king
王様
おうさま 《polite or informal》king
王室 おうしつ 《formal》royal family
王手 おうて check in shōgi (Japanese chess), a situation where one more move will result in the game's conclusion; a situation that one more win will bring the championship to the team at sports
発明王 はつめいおう master inventor; king of inventors (e.g., Thomas Edison)
ⓐ king; ⓑ Japanese Imperial family
‡ 王朝 おうちょう 《formal》dynasty
ⓑ Japanese Imperial family
‡ 親王 しんのう Imperial prince
‡ 内親王 ないしんのう Imperial princess
372
米
◎ rice
; ○<America; the U.S.A.>
/米;<美洲;美国>/米;<美洲;美國>/쌀[미];쌀;<미주;미국>
訓読み
◎ rice
米
こめ (unpolished or polished) rice; rice (as a kind of food)
音読み
◎ rice
* 新米
しんまい new rice; novice (worker, participant)
○<abbreviation for an archaic kanji writing of America and the U.S.A., "米利堅"(メリケン)or "亜米利加"(アメリカ)>
* 米国
べいこく 《written word, often used in a newspaper》the U.S.A.
‡ 中米
ちゅうべい Central America
‡ 中南米
ちゅうなんべい South and Central America; Latin America
欧米
おうべい 《slightly formal》Europe and America; the West (欧= Europe)
‡ 米中 べいちゅう China-United States; Sino-American
○<abbreviation for an obsolete kanji writing of meter, "米突"(メートル)>
‡ 平米 へいべい 《archaic》square metre(= 平方(へいほう)メートル)
373
細
訓
ほそ(い)
、ほそ(る)、こま(か)、こま(かい)
ⓐ thin
; ⓑ narrow; ⓒ small; ⓓ fine
; ⓔ sensitive; ⓕ uneasy
/细;不安/細;不安/가늘[세];가늘다;잘다;섬세하다;불안하다
訓読み
ⓐ thin; ⓑ narrow; ⓓ fine; ⓔ sensitive
細い
ほそい thin (for a slender objects or voice); fine (line, thread, etc.); narrow (for something long such as a
path, a stream or a tube); slender
* 細長い ほそながい long and narrow, tall and narrow; slender
ⓒ small; ⓓ fine
細かい
こまかい small (print, change of money); fine (grain, powder, etc.); detailed
‡ 細々とした こまごまとした «often written in hiragana» small (things); minute
ⓓ fine; ⓔ sensitive
1 細やかな こまやかな sensitive; thoughtful; warm-hearted; detailed
ⓕ uneasy
1 心細い こころぼそい helpless; forlorn; lonely
音読み
ⓒ small
‡ 細流 さいりゅう 《formal》small [little] stream
1 細胞
さいぼう cell (胞= membranous sac)
1 細菌 さいきん bacteria; germ
ⓓ fine
1 細工 さいく detail work; workmanship; handiwork; trick
1 詳細な しょうさいな 《formal》detailed
些細な ささいな petty; trivial; minute
374
欲
/欲/欲;慾/하고자 할[욕];-고 싶다;욕심
訓読み
ⓐ want; ⓑ desire
欲しい
ほしい «also written in hiragana» to want
‡ 欲する
ほっする 《formal》to desire; to wish; to want
音読み
ⓑ desire
1 欲 よく desire; greed
1 欲望 よくぼう 《slightly formal》desire
1 意欲 いよく conation; will; eagerness; volition
375
箱
/箱;盒/箱;盒/상자[상];상자;통
訓読み
◎ box
ごみ箱
ごみばこ waste basket; trash can
箱根 はこね 《proper name》Hakone (place name)
376
念
ⓐ inner thoughts
; ⓑ thoughts; ⓒ make assurance; ⓓ recite a prayer (to the Buddha)
/念/念/생각[념]([염]);생각;세심;(염불을) 외다
音読み
ⓐ inner thoughts; ⓒ make assurance
1 ↓念 ねん 《formal》sense; attention
ⓐ inner thoughts
残念な
ざんねんな unfortunate; regrettable; to be sorry (残 ➦531)
記念
きねん remembrance; commemoration (記 ➦399)
* 記念日 きねんび memorial day; anniversary
ⓑ thoughts
1 概念 がいねん 《formal》concept
ⓒ make assurance
↑念のため ねんのため just to make sure; just in case
ⓓ recite a prayer (to the Buddha)
‡ 念仏 ねんぶつ prayer to the Buddha
377
疲
/疲/疲/피곤할[피];피곤하다
訓読み
◎ tired
疲れる
つかれる to be [get] tired
‖ お疲れ様でした。 おつかれさまでした。 «"様", often written in hiragana» 《formal greeting in an office》You did a good work.; Good job today.; Have a nice evening. (business greetings used typically toward a person who is leaving the office when he/she finished his/her work.)
NOTE: This phrase is not used when the work is done for the speaker, e.g., a student says to his/her teacher after class, a person says to his/her co-workers for their help, etc.
‖ お疲れ様。 おつかれさま。 《informal》(informal expression of "お疲れ様でした。")
‖ お疲れ様です。 おつかれさまです。 《slightly informal》(slightly informal expression of "お疲れ様でした。");《recent use, popularly used but unrefined》(general greetings in a workplace) Hi.; Hello.
音読み
◎ tired
1 疲労
ひろう 《formal》fatigue (労 ➦603)
378
連
ⓐ link together
; ⓑ in succession; ⓒ do together; ⓓ take [bring] someone along; ○<union>
/连;联;伙;带领/連;聯;伙;帶領/이을[련]([연]);연결하다;이어지다;함께하다;데리다;<연합>
訓読み
ⓐ link together; ⓑ in succession
1 連なる
つらなる 《formal》to run in a line; to attend (a ceremony); to become a member (of an organization)
ⓓ take [bring] someone along
連れる
つれる to be accompanied (by someone)
家族連れ
かぞくづれ family going out together
親子連れ おやこづれ parent(s) and child(ren) going out together
子供連れ こどもづれ «"供", often written in hiragana» person accompanied by a child
連れていく
つれていく «also written as "連れて行く"» to take (someone) along
連れてくる
つれてくる «also written as "連れて来る"» to bring (someone) along
音読み
ⓐ link together
連絡
れんらく contact; communication: connection (between transportation facilities) (絡 ➦397)
連絡する
れんらくする to contact; (of transportation facilities,) to connect
1 連合 れんごう 《formal》union; association; federation
1 連盟 れんめい 《formal》league; federation; association
* 連動する れんどうする 《slightly formal》to interlock
ⓑ in succession
連続 れんぞく succession; continuance; sequence; series
1 連休
れんきゅう consecutive holidays
ⓒ do together
1 連中 れんちゅう/れんじゅう 《traditional, derogatory or friendly》group; fellows; gang; bunch
ⓓ take [bring] someone along
‡ 連行する れんこうする 《formal》(of a policeman,) to take (a criminal or a suspect to a police station); (of the authorities,) to take (someone regardless of the intention of the person)
○<abbreviation of "連合" or "連盟">
1 国連
こくれん United Nations (< "国際連合"(こくさいれんごう))
‡ 高野連 こうやれん Japan High School Baseball Federation (< "日本高等学校野球連盟"(にほんこうとうがっこうやきゅうれんめい))
379
困
ⓐ be in trouble
; ⓑ be tired out
/困/困/곤할[곤];곤란하다;지치다
訓読み
ⓐ be in trouble
困る
こまる to be in trouble; to have a problem; to have difficulty
音読み
ⓐ be in trouble
困難な
こんなんな 《formal》hard; difficult; arduous (難 ➦445)
ⓑ be tired out
‡ 困憊 こんぱい 《very formal》exhaustion
‖ 疲労困憊 ひろうこんぱい total exhaustion