日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第24課
380
飯
/饭/飯/밥[반];밥
訓読み
ⓐ cooked rice; ⓑ meal
飯
めし 《rough-spoken》cooked rice; meal
‖ 飯を食う めしをくう 《rough-spoken》to have [take] a meal (食う=《rough-spoken》to eat)
ⓑ meal
‡ 朝飯 あさめし 《rough-spoken》breakfast
‡ 昼飯 ひるめし 《rough-spoken》lunch
‡ 晩飯 ばんめし 《rough-spoken》dinner (evening meal)
‡↓夕飯 ゆうめし 《rough-spoken》dinner (evening meal)
音読み
ⓐ cooked rice; ⓑ meal
ご飯
ごはん «also written as "御飯", and often all written in hiragana» cooked rice; meal
ⓐ cooked rice
炊飯器 すいはんき rice cooker (炊= cook (rice); 器 ➦607)
ⓑ meal
朝ご飯 あさごはん «also written as "朝御飯", "朝ごはん"» breakfast
昼ご飯 ひるごはん «also written as "昼御飯", "昼ごはん"» lunch
お昼ご飯 おひるごはん «also written as "お昼御飯", "お昼ごはん"» 《polite》lunch
晩ご飯 ばんごはん «also written as "晩御飯", "晩ごはん"» 《slightly polite》dinner (evening meal)
↑夕飯
ゆうはん dinner (evening meal)
‡ 夜ご飯 よるごはん «also written as "夜御飯", "夜ごはん"» 《informal new word》dinner (evening meal)
381
泊
ⓐ lie at anchor; ⓑ stay overnight
; ⓒ plain
/泊;宿/泊;宿/머무를[박];정박하다;머무르다;산뜻하다
訓読み
ⓐ lie at anchor; ⓑ stay overnight
泊まる
とまる ⦅vt.⦆ to stay (overnight) (at a hotel, at a friend's house, in some place except one's home or a hospital where the person is hospitalized); to stay [lie] at anchor
泊める
とめる ⦅vi.⦆ to put (someone) up; to lodge (someone temporarily); to anchor (a ship)
ⓑ stay overnight
* 泊まり とまり lodging; overnight stay (in some place except one's home or a hospital where the person is hospitalized); night duty (work through the night in an office or a workshop)
‡ 素泊まり すどまり 《especially written》room only (without meals at a hotel) (素= plain)
音読み
ⓐ lie at anchor
‡ 停泊する ていはくする to be anchored,to be [lie] at anchor
ⓑ stay overnight
宿泊
しゅくはく 《slightly formal》lodging; (overnight) stay (at a hotel)
* 一泊二日 いっぱくふつか (= 一泊)
連泊 れんぱく staying for two or more nights in a row (e.g. at a hotel); staying for consecutive nights
ⓒ plain
1 淡泊な たんぱくな simple [plain] (taste); (person) with less desires
382
線
/线条;路线;射线/線條;路線;射線/줄[선];선
音読み
ⓐ line
直線 ちょくせん straight line
曲線 きょくせん curved line; curve
電線 でんせん power line; electric wire [cable]
新幹線
しんかんせん Shinkansen; Japanese bullet train (幹線= main line; 幹= trunk)
* 5番線
ごばんせん track [platform] 5
線香 せんこう incense stick
線香花火 せんこうはなび sparkler (fireworks)
ⓑ ray
光線 こうせん ray; beam
* X線 えっくすせん X-ray
383
際
ⓐ verge; ⓑ come into contact
; ⓒ at the time
/际/際/가[제];가;접하다;때
訓読み
ⓐ verge
*↓際 きわ 《formal》brink; verge
‡ 窓際
まどぎわ spot by the window
* 水際 みずぎわ water's edge; ports and airports (in a protective barrier against smuggling, disease, etc.)
波打ち際 なみうちぎわ water's edge; beach (波= wave; 打 ➦553)
* 際立つ
きわだつ 《formal》to stand out
ⓒ at the time
* 間際 まぎわ 《slightly formal》the time just before
音読み
ⓐ verge
‡ 際限 さいげん 《formal》limits; end
ⓑ come into contact
交際する こうさいする 《slightly formal》to keep company (with); to associate (with)
国際
こくさい 《prefix》international;《archaic》diplomatic intercourse
‖ 国際会議
こくさいかいぎ international conference
‖ 国際結婚 こくさいけっこん international marriage
‖ 国際関係 こくさいかんけい international relations
* 国際的な こくさいてきな international
* 国際化 こくさいか internationalization
実際 じっさい ⦅n.⦆ fact; practice; actual situation
⦅adv.⦆ in fact; indeed
ⓒ at the time
↑際 さい 《formal》on the occasion
‖ その際に そのさいに 《formal》at that time
‖ この際 このさい 《slightly formal》on this occasion; under the circumstances
384
故
ⓐ since before; ⓑ former; ⓒ deceased; ⓓ useless; ⓔ impediment
; ⓕ on purpose; ⓖ reason
/故;废/故;廢/연고[고];오래 되다;일찍이;죽은;쓸모없다;지장;일부러;이유
訓読み
ⓖ reason
1 故に
ゆえに 《very formal》therefore; hence
‡↓何故 なにゆえ 《archaic and very formal》for what reason; why
音読み
ⓐ since before
‡ 縁故 えんこ 《formal》connection
ⓑ former
↓故郷 こきょう 《slightly formal but subjective》hometown
ⓒ deceased
1 故人 こじん 《formal》the deceased
1 故~ こ~ 《written word》(put before a person's name) the late ~
ⓓ useless
‡ 反故 ほご 《formal》waste paper; useless thing
ⓔ impediment
* 交通事故 こうつうじこ traffic accident
故障
こしょう trouble (of a machine); breakdown (of a piece of machinery, a vehicle, etc.); out of order (of a machine); state of an athlete being on a disabled list (障= hinder)
ⓕ on purpose
* 故意に こいに 《formal》on purpose; intentionally
特別な読み
ⓑ former
↑故郷 ふるさと «also written in hiragana or as "古里"» 《slightly poetic and subjective》hometown
ⓖ reason
↑何故 なぜ «generally written in hiragana» why
385
課
ⓐ assign; ⓑ assigned task
; ⓒ section of a company
/课/課/부과할[과];부과하다;할당된 작업;(회사의) 과
音読み
ⓐ assign
‡ 課する かする 《formal》to impose (a tax, duty, task, penalty, etc.)
1 課題
かだい 《slightly formal》problem; task; assignment
課税 かぜい taxation
‡ 課金 かきん 《slightly formal》charging money; charge imposition; paying (for items in online games)
ⓑ assigned task; ⓒ section of a company
課
か lesson (of a textbook); section (of a company)
‖ 第1課 だいいっか lesson1 (第 ➦510)
‖ 第24課
だいにじゅうよんか lesson24
‖ 会計課 かいけいか accounts section
ⓒ section of a company
386
効
/效/效/본받을[효];효과
訓読み
◎ effect
効く
きく to be effective; to take effect
1 効き目 ききめ effect; efficacy
音読み
◎ effect
効果
こうか effect; efficacy (果 ➦584)
有効な ゆうこうな 《formal》valid; effective; efficacious
1 無効の むこうの 《formal》invalid; of no effect
387
星
ⓐ star
; ⓑ small dot; ⓒ mark
/星;小点;标记/星;小點;標記/별[성];별;점
訓読み
ⓐ star
* 星占い ほしうらない horoscope
ⓑ small dot
‡ 図星 ずぼし bull's-eye; one's mark (←"a point at the center of a target to shoot an arrow")
ⓒ mark
‡ 白星 しろぼし victory mark (in a bout of sumō); win
音読み
ⓐ star
1 火星 かせい Mars
‡ 金星 きんせい Venus
ⓑ small dot
‡ 星目 せいもく 《go》nine black dots marked on the grid of a go board in the game of go
388
静
/静/靜/고요할[정];고요하다;조용하다
訓読み
◎ quiet
静まる
しずまる 《slightly formal》to become quiet; to calm
静岡県 しずおかけん 《proper name》Shizuoka Prefecture
音読み
◎ quiet
1 安静
あんせい 《slightly formal》keeping quiet (in bed because of illness)
冷静な れいせいな cool-headed; dispassionate
* 静脈 じょうみゃく 《medical》vein (↔ "動脈"(どうみゃく) 《medical》artery)
389
申
ⓐ to state; ⓑ speak humbly
; ⓒ the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac
/申;(对长辈)说/申;(對長輩)說/아뢸[신];알리다;아뢰다;십이지의 아홉째
訓読み
ⓑ speak humbly
申す
もうす (extra-modest expression of "言う")to say; to give one's name
NOTE: Unlike a humble expression(謙譲語 けんじょうご), an extra-modest expression(丁重語 ていちょうご)does not contain actions or objects that are related to the listener or third party.
申し上げる
もうしあげる (humble form of "言う")to say
申し込む
もうしこむ to apply for; to make a proposal (込 ➦436)
1 申し込み もうしこみ application
申し訳 もうしわけ 《colloquial and polite》excuse; apology; way to excuse
‖ 申し訳ありません。 もうしわけありません。 (< "申し訳ない" (もうしわけない)) I'm sorry. (expression of apology or obligedness)
音読み
ⓐ to state
申請する
しんせいする 《formal》to apply [make an application] (to someone for something) (請= request)
ⓒ the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac
‡ 壬申の乱 じんしんのらん 《historical》Jinshin War (of 672)
390
悲
/悲/悲/슬플[비];슬프다;동정하다
訓読み
ⓐ sad
悲しむ
かなしむ to feel [be] sad; to feel sorrow
音読み
ⓐ sad
1 悲惨な ひさんな 《slightly formal》miserable; tragic; terrible; cruel; disastrous
ⓑ compassionate
‡ 慈悲 じひ 《formal》mercy
‡ 悲願 ひがん 《formal》earnest wish; long-cherished wish (←"Buddha's vow to save mankind")
391
亡
/亡/亡/잃을[망];감추다;죽다
訓読み
ⓑ pass away
亡くなる
なくなる 《indirect》to die; to pass away
音読み
ⓐ disappear
1 逃亡する とうぼうする 《formal》to escape; to run away; to abscond
* 亡命 ぼうめい exile; defection (命= census register ←"one's life")
1 滅亡する めつぼうする 《formal》(of a country, a clan, power, etc.,) to fall; to be ruined; to go to ruin
ⓑ pass away
死亡する
しぼうする 《formal and objective》to die; to decease
‡ 亡父 ぼうふ 《very formal》my deceased [late] father
* 未亡人 みぼうじん widow
‡ 亡者 もうじゃ 《formal and slightly archaic》obsessed person (money, power, etc.);《archaic》dead person (especially of the soul, to be unable to obtain peace)
392
眠
/眠;困(想睡)/眠;睏/잘[면];자다;졸리다
訓読み
◎ sleep
1 眠たい ねむたい 《informal》feel sleepy
眠る
ねむる 《slighly formal》to sleep
* 眠り ねむり 《concrete》sleep
居眠り いねむり doze
音読み
◎ sleep
睡眠
すいみん 《slighly formal》sleep (睡= sleep)
1 冬眠
とうみん hibernation (of animals)
393
放
訓
はな(す)
、はな(つ)、はな(れる)、ほう(る)
ⓐ radiate; ⓑ send forth; ⓒ release
; ⓓ expel; ⓔ toss; ⓕ let alone
/放;抛/放;拋/놓을[방];내다;쏘다;놓다;내쫓다;던지다;놓아두다
訓読み
ⓐ radiate; ⓑ send forth; ⓒ release
* 放つ はなつ 《formal》to release [loose, set free]; to shoot [loose off] (an arrow); to emit [give off, send forth] (smell, light, etc.)
ⓒ release
放す
はなす to release [loose, set free]; to let go
放れる はなれる 《formal》to be released (from restraint)
ⓔ toss
放る ほうる to throw; to toss
1 放り込む ほうりこむ to toss into; to throw into
ⓔ toss; ⓕ let alone
1 放り出す ほうりだす to throw out; to abandon; to leave undone
1 放り投げる ほうりなげる to toss; to throw away; to abandon
ⓕ let alone
* 放っておく
ほうっておく to leave something undone [unfinished]; to leave alone(= ほっておく
《colloquial》> ほっとく《colloquial and informal》)
* ~(V(masu-stem)+)っ放し ~っばなし 《colloquial》leaving ~; keeping (on) ~(doing)
‖ 開けっ放し あけっぱなし 《colloquial》leaving open
‖ 勝ちっ放し かちっぱなし 《colloquial》keeping on winning
音読み
ⓐ radiate
1 放射する ほうしゃする 《formal》to radiate; to emit
* 放射線 ほうしゃせん 《slightly formal》radioactive rays; radiation
1 放射能 ほうしゃのう 《formal》radioactivity;《popularly used》radioactive rays
ⓑ send forth
放送
ほうそう broadcast; broadcasting; public address system
* 放火 ほうか arson
ⓒ release
解放する かいほうする to free; to liberate; to release (from restraint, obligation, etc.); to emancipate
開放する かいほうする 《formal》to throw open; to open (to the public)
* ~放題
~ほうだい as much as one likes
‖ 食べ放題
たべほうだい all-you-can-eat
ⓓ expel
1 追放する ついほうする 《slightly formal》to banish; to exile; to deport; to expel
‡ 放校 ほうこう 《formal》expulsion from school
ⓔ toss
‡ 放物線 ほうぶつせん 《mathematics》parabola
ⓕ let alone
1 放置する ほうちする 《slightly formal》to leave (something as it is); to leave alone
1 放棄 ほうき 《formal》abandonment; renunciation; waiver
394
組
ⓐ assemble
; ⓑ organize; ⓒ group; ⓓ grapple
/组/組/짤[조];짜다;조직하다;조;씨름하다
訓読み
ⓐ assemble; ⓑ organize; ⓓ grapple
組む くむ to assemble (parts into one body); to put (in type); to organize; to unite; to cooperate (with); to be paired (with); to grapple together; to cross (one's legs); to fold (one's arms)
ⓐ assemble
1 仕組み しくみ mechanism; system
組み立てる
くみたてる to put together; to assemble (components)
番組
ばんぐみ (TV or radio) program
ⓑ organize
組み合わせ
くみあわせ combination; pairing; matching
組合 くみあい association;《abbrev.》(trade [labor]) union (< "労働組合"(ろうどうくみあい))
ⓒ group
組
くみ set; pair; group; team; (school) class; crime syndicate
↓‖ 一組 いちくみ class one (of a school)
↑‖ 一組 ひとくみ one set; a set [pair] (of ~)
三人組 さんにんぐみ trio; triad
ⓓ grapple
取り組む とりくむ to tackle [grapple with] (a task, a problem); to work on
‡↓取り組み とりくみ commitment; dealing with; effort
‡↑取組 とりくみ bout (of sumō)
‡ 取っ組み合い とっくみあい tussle
○<abbreviation of "組合">
‡ 信組 しんくみ credit union (< "信用組合"(しんようくみあい))
音読み
ⓑ organize
組織
そしき 《slightly formal》organization; tissue (of animals and plants); system (織= weave; organize)
○<abbreviation of "組合">
‡ 労組 ろうそ 《written word》labor union; trade union (< "労働組合"(ろうどうくみあい))