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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第24課
380

めし

ハン

cooked rice

; meal
밥[반];밥
 訓読み
cooked rice; meal

めしrough-spokencooked rice; meal
‖ 飯を食うめしをくうrough-spokento have [take] a meal (食う=《rough-spokento eat
meal
朝飯あさめしrough-spokenbreakfast
昼飯ひるめしrough-spokenlunch
晩飯ばんめしrough-spokendinner (evening meal)
夕飯ゆうめしrough-spokendinner (evening meal)
音読み
cooked rice; meal

ご飯

ごはん «also written as "御飯", and often all written in hiragana» cooked rice; meal
cooked rice
炊飯器すいはんきrice cooker (炊= cook (rice); 607)
meal
朝ご飯あさごはん «also written as "朝御飯", "朝ごはんbreakfast
昼ご飯ひるごはん «also written as "昼御飯", "昼ごはんlunch
お昼ご飯おひるごはん «also written as "お昼御飯", "お昼ごはんpolitelunch
晩ご飯ばんごはん «also written as "晩御飯", "晩ごはんslightly politedinner (evening meal)

夕飯

ゆうはんdinner (evening meal)
夜ご飯よるごはん «also written as "夜御飯", "夜ごはんinformal new worddinner (evening meal)

381

と(まる)

と(める)

ハク

lie at anchor;

stay overnight

; plain
泊;宿泊;宿머무를[박];정박하다;머무르다;산뜻하다
 訓読み
lie at anchor; stay overnight

泊まる

とまるvt.to stay (overnight) (at a hotel, at a friend's house, in some place except one's home or a hospital where the person is hospitalized); to stay [lie] at anchor

泊める

とめるvi.to put (someone) up; to lodge (someone temporarily); to anchor (a ship)
stay overnight
*泊まりとまりlodging; overnight stay (in some place except one's home or a hospital where the person is hospitalized); night duty (work through the night in an office or a workshop)
素泊まりすどまりespecially writtenroom only (without meals at a hotel) (素= plain
音読み
lie at anchor
停泊するていはくするto be anchoredto be [lie] at anchor
stay overnight

宿泊

しゅくはくslightly formallodging; (overnight) stay (at a hotel)
*

一泊

いっぱくone night stay
*一泊二日いっぱくふつか(= 一泊)
連泊れんぱくstaying for two or more nights in a row (e.g. at a hotel); staying for consecutive nights
plain
1  淡泊なたんぱくなsimple [plain] (taste); (person) with less desires

382

セン

line

; ray
线条;路线;射线線條;路線;射線줄[선];선
音読み
line

せんline
直線ちょくせんstraight line
曲線きょくせんcurved line; curve

下線

かせんunderline
1  

点線

てんせんdotted line
電線でんせんpower line; electric wire [cable]

新幹線

しんかんせんShinkansen; Japanese bullet train (幹線= main line; 幹= trunk
*

5番線

ごばんせんtrack [platform] 5
線香せんこうincense stick
線香花火せんこうはなびsparkler (fireworks)
ray
光線こうせんray; beam
*X線えっくすせんX-ray

383

きわ

サイ

verge;

come into contact

; at the time
가[제];가;접하다;때
 訓読み
verge
*きわformalbrink; verge

窓際

まどぎわspot by the window
*水際みずぎわwater's edge; ports and airports (in a protective barrier against smuggling, disease, etc.)
波打ち際なみうちぎわwater's edge; beach (波= wave; 553)
*

際立つ

きわだつformalto stand out
at the time
*間際まぎわslightly formalthe time just before
音読み
verge
際限さいげんformallimits; end
come into contact
交際するこうさいするslightly formalto keep company (with); to associate (with)

国際

こくさいprefixinternational;archaicdiplomatic intercourse

国際会議

こくさいかいぎinternational conference
‖ 国際結婚こくさいけっこんinternational marriage
‖ 国際関係こくさいかんけいinternational relations
*国際的なこくさいてきなinternational
*国際化こくさいかinternationalization
実際じっさいn.fact; practice; actual situation
   adv.in fact; indeed

実際に

じっさいにactually
at the time
さいformalon the occasion
‖ その際にそのさいにformalat that time
‖ この際このさいslightly formalon this occasion; under the circumstances

384

ゆえ

since before; former; deceased; useless;

impediment

; on purpose; reason
故;废故;廢연고[고];오래 되다;일찍이;죽은;쓸모없다;지장;일부러;이유
 訓読み
reason
1  

故に

ゆえにvery formaltherefore; hence
何故なにゆえ 《archaic and very formalfor what reason; why
音読み
since before
縁故えんこformalconnection
former
故郷こきょうslightly formal but subjectivehometown
deceased
1  故人こじんformalthe deceased
1  故~こ~written word(put before a person's name) the late ~
useless
反故ほごformalwaste paper; useless thing
impediment

事故

じこaccident
*交通事故こうつうじこtraffic accident

故障

こしょうtrouble (of a machine); breakdown (of a piece of machinery, a vehicle, etc.); out of order (of a machine); state of an athlete being on a disabled list (障= hinder
on purpose
*故意にこいにformalon purpose; intentionally
特別な読み
former
故郷ふるさと «also written in hiragana or as "古里slightly poetic and subjectivehometown
reason
何故なぜ «generally written in hiragana» why

385

assign;

assigned task

; section of a company
부과할[과];부과하다;할당된 작업;(회사의) 과
音読み
assign
課するかするformalto impose (a tax, duty, task, penalty, etc.)
1  

課題

かだいslightly formalproblem; task; assignment
課税かぜいtaxation
課金かきんslightly formalcharging money; charge imposition; paying (for items in online games)
assigned task; section of a company

lesson (of a textbook); section (of a company)
‖ 第1課だいいっかlesson1 (第 510)

第24課

だいにじゅうよんかlesson24
‖ 会計課かいけいかaccounts section
section of a company

課長

かちょうsection chief

386

き(く)

コウ

effect

본받을[효];효과
 訓読み
effect

効く

きくto be effective; to take effect
1  効き目ききめeffect; efficacy
音読み
effect

効果

こうかeffect; efficacy (果 584)
有効なゆうこうなformalvalid; effective; efficacious
1  無効のむこうのformalinvalid; of no effect

387

ほし

セイ

、ショウ

star

; small dot; mark
星;小点;标记星;小點;標記별[성];별;점
 訓読み
star

ほしstar
*星占いほしうらないhoroscope
small dot
図星ずぼしbull's-eye; one's mark (←"a point at the center of a target to shoot an arrow"
mark
白星しろぼしvictory mark (in a bout of sumō); win
音読み
star
1  火星かせいMars
金星きんせいVenus
1  

星座

せいざconstellation
small dot
星目せいもくgonine black dots marked on the grid of a go board in the game of go

388

しず、

しず(か)

しず(まる)

、しず(める)

セイ

、ジョウ

quiet

고요할[정];고요하다;조용하다
 訓読み
quiet

静かな

しずかなquiet; calm

静まる

しずまるslightly formalto become quiet; to calm
静岡県しずおかけんproper nameShizuoka Prefecture
音読み
quiet
1  

安静

あんせいslightly formalkeeping quiet (in bed because of illness)
冷静なれいせいなcool-headed; dispassionate
*静脈じょうみゃくmedicalvein (↔ "動脈"(どうみゃく) medicalartery

389

もう(す)

シン

to state;

speak humbly

; the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac
申;(对长辈)说申;(對長輩)說아뢸[신];알리다;아뢰다;십이지의 아홉째
 訓読み
speak humbly

申す

もうすextra-modest expression of "言う"to say; to give one's name
   NOTE: Unlike a humble expression(謙譲語 けんじょうご), an extra-modest expression(丁重語 ていちょうご)does not contain actions or objects that are related to the listener or third party.

申し上げる

もうしあげるhumble form of "言う"to say

申し込む

もうしこむto apply for; to make a proposal (込 436)
1  申し込みもうしこみapplication
申し訳もうしわけcolloquial and politeexcuse; apology; way to excuse
‖ 申し訳ありません。もうしわけありません。 (<"申し訳ない" (もうしわけない)) I'm sorry. (expression of apology or obligedness)
音読み
to state

申請する

しんせいするformalto apply [make an application] (to someone for something) (請= request
the ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac
壬申の乱じんしんのらんhistoricalJinshin War (of 672)

390

かな(しい)

かな(しむ)

sad

; compassionate
슬플[비];슬프다;동정하다
 訓読み
sad

悲しい

かなしいsad; sorrowful

悲しむ

かなしむto feel [be] sad; to feel sorrow
音読み
sad

悲劇

ひげきtragedy(劇= drama
1  悲惨なひさんなslightly formalmiserable; tragic; terrible; cruel; disastrous
compassionate
慈悲じひformalmercy
悲願ひがんformalearnest wish; long-cherished wish (←"Buddha's vow to save mankind"

391

な(い)

ボウ

、モウ
disappear;

pass away

잃을[망];감추다;죽다
 訓読み
pass away

亡くなる

なくなるindirectto die; to pass away
音読み
disappear
1  逃亡するとうぼうするformalto escape; to run away; to abscond
*亡命ぼうめいexile; defection (命= census register "one's life"
1  滅亡するめつぼうするformal(of a country, a clan, power, etc.,) to fall; to be ruined; to go to ruin
pass away

死亡する

しぼうするformal and objectiveto die; to decease
亡父ぼうふvery formalmy deceased [late] father
*未亡人みぼうじんwidow
亡者もうじゃformal and slightly archaicobsessed person (money, power, etc.);archaicdead person (especially of the soul, to be unable to obtain peace)

392

ねむ(い)

ねむ(る)

ミン

sleep

眠;困(想睡)眠;睏잘[면];자다;졸리다
 訓読み
sleep

眠い

ねむいsleepy; drowsy
1  眠たいねむたいinformalfeel sleepy

眠る

ねむるslighly formalto sleep
*眠りねむりconcretesleep
居眠りいねむりdoze
音読み
sleep

睡眠

すいみんslighly formalsleep (睡= sleep
1  

冬眠

とうみんhibernation (of animals)

393

はな(す)

、はな()、はな(れる)

ほう(る)

ホウ

radiate; send forth;

release

; expel; toss; let alone
放;抛放;拋놓을[방];내다;쏘다;놓다;내쫓다;던지다;놓아두다
 訓読み
radiate; send forth; release
*放つはなつformalto release [loose, set free]; to shoot [loose off] (an arrow); to emit [give off, send forth] (smell, light, etc.)
release

放す

はなすto release [loose, set free]; to let go
放れるはなれるformalto be released (from restraint)
toss
放るほうるto throw; to toss
1  放り込むほうりこむto toss into; to throw into
toss; let alone
1  放り出すほうりだすto throw out; to abandon; to leave undone
1  放り投げるほうりなげるto toss; to throw away; to abandon
let alone
*

放っておく

ほうっておくto leave something undone [unfinished]; to leave alone(= ほっておく
colloquial》> ほっとく《colloquial and informal》)
*(V(masu-stem)+)っ放し~っばなしcolloquialleaving ~; keeping (on) ~(doing)
‖ 開けっ放しあけっぱなしcolloquialleaving open
‖ 勝ちっ放しかちっぱなしcolloquialkeeping on winning
音読み
radiate
1  放射するほうしゃするformalto radiate; to emit
*放射線ほうしゃせんslightly formalradioactive rays; radiation
1  放射能ほうしゃのうformalradioactivity;popularly usedradioactive rays
send forth

放送

ほうそうbroadcast; broadcasting; public address system
*放火ほうかarson
release
解放するかいほうするto free; to liberate; to release (from restraint, obligation, etc.); to emancipate
開放するかいほうするformalto throw open; to open (to the public)
*

~放題

~ほうだいas much as one likes

食べ放題

たべほうだいall-you-can-eat
expel
1  追放するついほうするslightly formalto banish; to exile; to deport; to expel
放校ほうこうformalexpulsion from school
toss
放物線ほうぶつせんmathematicsparabola
let alone
1  放置するほうちするslightly formalto leave (something as it is); to leave alone
1  放棄ほうきformalabandonment; renunciation; waiver

394

く(む)

くみ

assemble

; organize; group; grapple
짤[조];짜다;조직하다;조;씨름하다
 訓読み
assemble; organize; grapple
組むくむto assemble (parts into one body); to put (in type); to organize; to unite; to cooperate (with); to be paired (with); to grapple together; to cross (one's legs); to fold (one's arms)
assemble
1  仕組みしくみmechanism; system

組み立てる

くみたてるto put together; to assemble (components)

番組

ばんぐみ(TV or radio) program
organize

組み合わせ

くみあわせcombination; pairing; matching
組合くみあいassociation;abbrev.(trade [labor]) union (< "労働組合"(ろうどうくみあい))
group

くみset; pair; group; team; (school) class; crime syndicate
‖ 一組いちくみclass one (of a school)
‖ 一組ひとくみone set; a set [pair] (of ~)
三人組さんにんぐみtrio; triad
grapple
取り組むとりくむto tackle [grapple with] (a task, a problem); to work on
取り組みとりくみcommitment; dealing with; effort
取組とりくみbout (of sumō)
取っ組み合いとっくみあいtussle
<abbreviation of "組合">
信組しんくみcredit union (< "信用組合"(しんようくみあい))
音読み
organize

組織

そしきslightly formalorganization; tissue (of animals and plants); system (織= weave; organize
<abbreviation of "組合">
労組ろうそwritten wordlabor union; trade union (< "労働組合"(ろうどうくみあい))





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