vocab_25

日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版

語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第25課

395

初

訓

はじ(め)

、

はじ(めて)

、

はつ

、うい、そ(める)

音

ショ

ⓐ

first

; ⓑ beginning; ⓒ inexperienced

／初／初／처음[초];처음;초;경험이 없는

訓読み

ⓐ first; ⓑ beginning

↓

初め

はじめ the beginning (of a week, a month, a season, a year, etc.); start; first

ⓐ first

初めて

はじめて for the first time

初めまして

はじめまして《slightly formal》How do you do?

‖ 初めまして。どうぞよろしく（お願いします）。はじめまして。どうぞよろしく（おねがいします）。 How do you do? It's nice to meet you. （願 ➦574）

↑初めにはじめに first; first of all

初恋

はつこい (one's) first love （恋＝ feeling of yearning for love）

* 初雪はつゆき the first snow of the season

初日の出はつひので the sunrise on New Year's Day

1 初耳はつみみ hearing the information for the first time; news (to someone)

* 初産ういざん《slightly archaic》one's first childbirth; primipara

* ～初～はつ《slightly formal》the first in ~

‖ 世界初せかいはつ《slightly formal》the world's first

* 書き初めかきぞめ kakizome (the first calligraphy written at the beginning of a year)

* 初々しいういういしい《slightly archaic》fresh (not being worldly-wise)

音読み

ⓐ first

最初

さいしょ the first

* 初回しょかい《slightly formal》the first time

初級しょきゅう elementary level; beginner level

ⓑ beginning

初夏しょか《slightly formal》early summer

‡ 初心者しょしんしゃ begginner

396

久

訓

ひさ(しい)

音

キュウ

、ク

◎

of long duration

／久／久／오랠[구];오래다

訓読み

◎ of long duration

1 久しいひさしい《formal》long (time that has passed); long-continued

久しぶり

ひさしぶり a long time (since the last time)

‖ (お)久しぶり(です)。 (お)ひさしぶり(です)。 Long time no see.; It's been a while.

音読み

◎ of long duration

永久

えいきゅう《slightly formal》eternal; permanent （永 ➦529）

397

絡

訓

から(む)

、から(まる)、から(める)

音

ラク

ⓐ entwine; ⓑ

connect with each other

／络;缠;结合／絡;纏;結合／이을[락]([낙]);휘감기다;얽히다

訓読み

ⓐ entwine

1 絡むからむ《slightly formal》to tangle; to entwine; to get involved

‡ 絡まるからまる to be entangled; to twine around; to be complicated

音読み

ⓑ connect with each other

連絡

れんらく contact; communication; connection (between transportation facilities)

連絡する

れんらくする to contact; (of transportation facilities,) to connect

‡ 連絡先れんらくさき place to contact; contact address; contact information

‡ 脈絡みゃくらく context; coherence; (logical) connection

398

留

訓

と(める)

、と(まる)

音

リュウ

、

ル

ⓐ keep; ⓑ

stay

; ⓒ collect liquid

／留;馏／留;餾／머무를[류]([유]);머물게 하다;머무르다;액체를 모으다

訓読み

ⓐ keep

留める

とめる to fix; to fasten; to hold something in place; to keep (in mind); to tack (down); to button (clothing)

‡ 書き留めるかきとめる《slightly formal》to write [put, take] down (in order not to forget); to keep a record

書留かきとめ registered mail

↓留まるとまる to be fastened; to catch (one's eye); (of clothes,) to be buttoned up

音読み

ⓐ keep

1 留意するりゅういする《formal》to pay attention at all times to

留守

るす absence (from home) （守 ➦568）

留守番

るすばん stay at home (while the main family members are absent); looking after the house

ⓑ stay

留学する

りゅうがくする to study abroad

留学生

りゅうがくせい international student

停留所ていりゅうじょ bus stop（＞ popularly used, "バス停"（ばすてい））; streetcar stop

1 蒸留するじょうりゅうする《chemistry》to distill （蒸＝ to steam）

‡ 蒸留酒じょうりゅうしゅ spirits

特別な読み

ⓑ stay

↑留まるとどまる «reading not listed in the Jōyō Kanji table, so officially written in hiragana» 《formal》to stay [remain] (in a place or sate)

399

記

訓

しる(す

)

音

キ

ⓐ

note

; ⓑ keep in mind; ⓒ record; ⓓ mark; ⓔ clerk

／记／記／기록할[기];적다;기록;마음에 새기다;표시하다;서기

訓読み

ⓐ note

記す

しるす《formal》to write [note] down

音読み

ⓐ note

記録

きろく record; document; archives （録 ➦579）

記入する

きにゅうする《slightly formal》to enter (in a list); to fill in (a form)

記事

きじ article [report, news story] (of a newspaper or a magazine)

記者きしゃ reporter [journalist, correspondent] (employed by a TV station, a newspaper or a magazine, etc.)

日記

にっき diary

ⓑ keep in mind

暗記する

あんきする《slightly formal》to memorize (regardress of understanding the contents); to learn by heart

記念きねん remembrance; commemoration

記念日

きねんび memorial day; anniversary

記憶きおく memory; remembrance; recollection

伝記でんき biography

古事記こじき《proper name of a book》"Kojiki" (literally means 'Records of Ancient Matters', an eighth-century work of Shintō historiography and mythology.)

ⓓ mark

記号

きごう sign; symbol; mark

ⓔ clerk

‡ 書記しょき clerk; secretary

○<abbreviation of "古事記">

‡ 記紀きき a collective term for "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki (日本書紀, The Chronicles of Japan)", both of which describe histories of Japanese mythology and Ancient times

400

活

訓

－

音

カツ

ⓐ

active

; ⓑ live; ⓒ effectively; ⓓ movable

／活／活／살[활];활동적이다;살아 있다;움직일 수 있는

音読み

ⓐ active

活動

かつどう《slightly formal》activity; (vigorous) action

活力かつりょく《slightly formal》vitality

活躍かつやく success (producing excellent results by splendid action)

1 活発なかっぱつな active (motion); lively (action); brisky

‡ 活動写真かつどうしゃしん《archaic》motion picture (especially used during the silent film era)

ⓑ live

生活

せいかつ life (one's daily existence); living (in society); livelihood

生活する

せいかつする to make a living; to live (in a certain place as a concrete activity)

1 復活ふっかつ revival

活用かつよう《slightly formal》practical use; utilization;《grammar》conjugation; inflection

ⓓ movable

活字かつじ printing [movable] type; printed text

○<abbreviation of "活動" or "活動写真">

‡ 部活ぶかつ club activities （＜ "部活動"（ぶかつどう））

‡ 活弁かつべん《archaic》Japanese performers who provided live narration for silent films （＜ "活動写真の弁士（べんし）"）

401

慣

訓

な(れる)

、な(らす)

音

カン

ⓐ

custom

; ⓑ accustomed

／惯;熟练／慣;熟練／익숙할[관];관습;익숙해지다;익숙하다

訓読み

ⓑ accustomed

慣れる

なれる to get used [accustomed] to

慣れ

なれ practice; experience; wontedness

音読み

ⓐ custom

習慣

しゅうかん (individual) habit; practice

慣習

かんしゅう《slightly formal》(social) custom

ⓑ accustomed

‡ 慣熟するかんじゅくする《formal》to master

402

勤

訓

つと(める)

、つと(まる)

音

キン

、ゴン

ⓐ work diligently; ⓑ

serve in an office

; ⓒ have an audience

／勤;觐／勤;覲／부지런할[근];부지런하다;근무하다;조현하다

訓読み

ⓐ work diligently; ⓑ serve in an office

勤める

つとめる to be employed; to work; to serve

ⓑ serve in an office

1 勤め先つとめさき one's workplace; one's office

音読み

ⓐ work diligently

勤勉な

きんべんな《formal》diligent; industrious

ⓑ serve in an office

1 勤務するきんむする《formal》to be employed; to work; to serve

* 勤務先きんむさき《formal》one's workplace; one's office

出勤するしゅっきんする《slighly formal》to go to work; to go to the office; to get to the office

通勤

つうきん《slighly formal》commuting

転勤

てんきん job transfer

‡ 参勤交代さんきんこうたい《historical》Sankin-kōtai (alternating residence system by daimyo in Edo during the Edo period)

403

末

訓

すえ

音

マツ

、バツ

ⓐ terminal; ⓑ

end

; ⓒ descendant; ⓓ incidental; ⓔ extremely small and trivial

／末;后;微不足道／末;後;微不足道／끝[말];끝;말;후손;부수적인 일;세세하다

訓読み

ⓑ end

末

すえ the end (of a period or an action)

↓３月末さんがつすえ end of March

末っ子すえっこ youngest child (in a family)

音読み

ⓐ terminal; ⓑ end

1 ↓末期まっき《slightly formal》end (of a period); terminal stage

ⓐ terminal

* 端末たんまつ《computer》terminal (unit)

‡↑末期まつご《formal and slightly archaic》time of one's death

ⓑ end

週末

しゅうまつ weekend

月末

げつまつ end of the month

↑３月末さんがつまつ《formal》end of March

年末

ねんまつ end of the year

1 期末きまつ end of term

* 期末試験きまつしけん final [end-of-term] examination （期 ➦590）

‡ 文末ぶんまつ《slightly formal》end of a sentence

‡ 末端まったん《slightly formal》end (outermost part from the center)

1 始末しまつ final state (with bad result); settlement; disposal

‡ 末子ばっし《very formal》youngest child (in a family)

‡ 末裔まつえい《formal》descendant

‡ 末代まつだい《formal》all ages to come; in perpetuity

ⓓ incidental

‡ 本末転倒ほんまつてんとう putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; having one's priorities wrong

ⓔ extremely small and trivial

1 粉末ふんまつ《slightly formal》powder

粗末なそまつな poor; shabby; crude

404

宅

訓

－

音

タク

◎

dwelling house

／宅;住房;家／宅;住房;家／집[택];거택;집

音読み

◎ dwelling house

自宅

じたく《slightly formal》one's (own) house [home]

帰宅

きたく《slightly formal》to go [come] (back) home; to return home

お宅

おたく《honorific》your [his, her] house [home]; your group (company, team, etc.)

《colloquial》you (personal pronoun used when addressing with a slight respect in an unintimate relationship. Not used for one's superior.)

NOTE: «always written in katakana or hiragana for the following meaning» 《slang》otaku, an unsociable person devoted to computer, video games, anime or manga; geek; nerd

住宅

じゅうたく《formal》house; residence

* 住宅地じゅうたくち《slightly formal》residential area

* 宅配たくはい home delivery

* 宅配便たくはいびん parcel delivery service

405

招

訓

まね(く)

音

ショウ

◎

invite

／招／招／부를[초];부르다

訓読み

◎ invite

招く

まねく《slightly formal》to beckon; to call in; to invite; to bring on oneself

‡ 招き猫まねきねこ beckoning cat

音読み

◎ invite

招待する

しょうたいする to invite

* 招待状しょうたいじょう invitation card

406

平

訓

たい(ら)

、

ひら

音

ヘイ

、

ビョウ

ⓐ

even

; ⓑ even out; ⓒ common; ⓓ the position without a title; ⓔ prostrating; ⓕ humbly; ⓖ suppress; ⓗ eat up; ⓘ

calm

; ⓙ planar

／平;普通;低头;一味;吃光／平;普通;低頭;一味;吃光

／평평할[평];평평하다;치우치지 않는;고르다;보통의;엎드리다;오로지;평정하다;먹어 치우다;평온하다;평면의

訓読み

ⓐ even

平らな

たいらな flat; level; even (surface)

1 平たいひらたい flat (appearance of being broadened without thickness)

平仮名

ひらがな «often written in hiragana» hiragana (Japanese characters simplified from the cursive style writing of kanji) （仮＝ temporary）

ⓓ the position without a title

‡ 平社員ひらしゃいん rank-and-file employee

‡ 平幕ひらまく rank-and-file wrestler in sumō's highest division （幕＜ "幕内" （まくうち）＝ highest-ranking divisioni in sumō）

ⓕ humbly

‡ 平謝りひらあやまり humble [earnest] apology

ⓖ suppress; ⓗ eat up

‡ 平らげるたいらげる《formal》to eat up;《archaic》to subjugate

音読み

ⓐ even

平野へいや plain (field)

水平なすいへいな horizontal; level

水平線すいへいせん horizon (related to sea or lakes); horizontal line

地平線ちへいせん horizon (related to land); horizontal line

平行なへいこうな parallel

* 平行線へいこうせん parallel lines

公平なこうへいな fair; impartial

平等

びょうどう equality

ⓑ even out

平均へいきん average

平均点

へいきんてん average mark [score]

平日

へいじつ weekday

‡ 平易なへいいな《formal》plain; simple

ⓔ prostrating

‡ 平身低頭へいしんていとう《formal》prostrating oneself

ⓖ suppress

‡ 平定するへいていする《formal and archaic》to suppress

ⓘ calm

平和

へいわ peace

平和な

へいわな peaceful

太平洋たいへいよう《proper name》the Pacific (Ocean) （洋 ➦408）

平気な

へいきな in the state of having no worries or cares; in the state of keeping cool; to do not mind; all right

ⓙ planar

1 平方へいほう《mathematics》square

‖ 平方メートルへいほうめーとる square meter（㎡）

407

和

訓

やわ(らぐ)

、

やわ(らげる)

、

なご(む)

、

なご(やか)

音

ワ

、オ

Japanese

／和／和／화목할[화];온화해지다;사이좋게 지내다;합치다;하나로 되다;일본의

訓読み

ⓐ calm (down)

‡

和らぐ

やわらぐ《slightly formal》(of light, color, voice, heart, pain, etc.,) to soften; to moderate; to be mitigated

和らげる

やわらげる《slightly formal》to soften (expression, voice, one's heart, pain, anxiety, etc.); to make milder; to moderate; to relieve (pain, tension, etc.); to mitigate; to reduce (a shock, stress, tension, etc.)

ⓐ calm (down); ⓑ get along together

‡

和む

なごむ (of the atmosphere,) to be loosened up; (of the mind,) to be soothed

和やかな

なごやかな friendly (atmosphere); peaceful (expression)

音読み

ⓐ calm (down)

1 温和なおんわな《formal》gentle [mild] (climate, character)

1 緩和するかんわする《formal》to ease (pain, strain, regulation, restrictions, etc); to relieve (pain, anxiety, etc.); to mitigate; to alleviate （緩＝ loose）

和わ《formal and slightly archaic》harmony; peace; (of) Japan;《mathematics》the sum

ⓑ get along together

平和

へいわ peace

平和な

へいわな peaceful

和平

わへい《formal》peace (in the sense of ending hostilities); pacification

* 和解わかい《formal》reconciliation; amicable settlement; compromise

* 共和国きょうわこく republic

1 調和ちょうわ《slightly formal》harmony

1 中和するちゅうわする《chemistry》to neutralize (chemically);《formal》to counteract

* 違和感いわかん《slightly formal》feeling [sense] of discomfort; feeling of wrongness; sense of incongruity

ⓓ unite

‡ 和音わおん《music》chord; harmony tone

‡ 親和性しんわせい《chemistry》affinity

ⓕ Japanese

和食

わしょく (traditional) Japanese food; Japanese cuisine

和室

わしつ Japanese-style room

和服わふく (traditional) Japanese clothes

英和辞典えいわじてん English-Japanese dictionary

和英辞典

わえいじてん Japanese-English dictionary

‡ 和製英語わせいえいご《linguistics》Japanese English word; Japanglish

‡ 和製漢語わせいかんご《linguistics》Japanese-created kango; Sino-Japanese word made in Japan

和語わご《linguistics》indigenous Japanese words

特別な読み

ⓐ calm (down)

日和ひより《slightly archaic》fine wether; good weather conditions (for some action, event, etc.)

小春日和こはるびより Indian summer (around November); calm autumn weather （"小春" is another name for October in the old lunar calendar, which is around November in the current calendar.）

日和見ひよりみ opportunism; sitting on the fence

408

洋

訓

－

音

ヨウ

ⓐ infinitely vast; ⓑ

ocean

Western style

／淼;洋／浩渺;洋／큰 바다[양];끝없이 넓다;(넓고 큰) 바다;동양 또는 서양;서양식

音読み

ⓐ infinitely vast

‡ 洋々ようよう《archaic》broadness; state of being full of hope

ⓑ ocean

太平洋

たいへいよう《proper name》the Pacific (Ocean)

大西洋

たいせいよう《proper name》the Atlantic (Ocean)

インド洋

いんどよう《proper name》the Indian Ocean

東洋

とうよう《formal》the Eastern world; the Orient (especially East, South and Southeast Asia)

西洋

せいよう《formal》the Western world; the Occident

‡ 西洋化するせいようかする《formal》to westernize （＝欧米化（おうべいか））

ⓓ Western style

洋服

ようふく clothes; Western clothes

洋食

ようしょく Western-style food; Western dish; Western-style dish developed independently in Japan

409

服

訓

－

音

フク

clothes

／服／服／옷[복];복종하다;(약을) 먹다;종사하다;복을 입다;입다;자신의 것으로 하다;옷

音読み

‡ 服するふくする《very formal》to obey; to serve (a sentence in jail)

ⓐ submit to

1 征服するせいふくする《slightly formal》to conquer; to subdue

克服するこくふくする《slightly formal》to overcome; to surmount

ⓑ take (medicine)

‡ 服薬ふくやく《very formal》ingestion; taking medicine

* 服用するふくようする《formal》to take (medicine)

* 一服するいっぷくする《slightly archaic》to have a smoke; to take a short rest (and have a smoke, a tea, or a coffee); (of a rapid change,) to pause

‡ 内服薬ないふくやく《formal》internal [oral] medicine

‡ 服役ふくえき《formal》(penal) servitude

‡ 服務ふくむ《formal》service

ⓓ mourn

‡ 服喪ふくも《very formal》mourning

‡ 除服じょぶく《very formal》coming out of mourning

ⓔ put on

‡ 元服げんぷく《archaic》male coming of age ceremony （← Because he wears a crown during the ceremony.）

ⓕ make one's own

‡ 着服するちゃくふくする《formal》to embezzle

‡ 服膺ふくよう《very formal》bearing in mind

ⓖ clothes

服

ふく clothes

洋服

ようふく clothes; Western clothes

和服

わふく (traditional) Japanese clothes

衣服いふく《formal》clothes; clothing

服装ふくそう (the style of) dress; clothes

1 制服せいふく uniform

* 私服しふく regular clothes; plain clothes