日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第27課
425
現
ⓐ appear
; ⓑ actual
; ⓒ present
/现/現/나타날[현];나타나다;실제의;현재의
訓読み
ⓐ appear
現れる
あらわれる 《slightly formal》⦅vi.⦆ to appear; to come in sight
現す
あらわす 《formal》⦅vt.⦆ to appear; to show (oneself)
音読み
ⓐ appear
1 出現する しゅつげんする 《formal》to appear; to emerge; to come into existence
表現
ひょうげん 《slightly formal》expression; presentation
‖ 会話表現 かいわひょうげん 《formal》conversational expression
‖ 文章表現 ぶんしょうひょうげん 《formal》written expression; expression in writing
実現する じつげんする 《slightly formal》to be realized; to come true
ⓑ actual
現実 げんじつ 《slightly formal》reality; actuality
↓現場 げんば scene of (a crime, an accident); job site; the place where the work is actually done
‡↑現場 げんじょう 《police and fire terminology》scene of (a crime, an accident)
1 現地 げんち 《slightly formal》the site; the scene; the spot; there
ⓒ present
現在
げんざい 《slightly formal》present time; at the moment (在= exist)
* 現在地 げんざいち 《slightly formal》current location
現代 げんだい 《slightly formal》present day;《historical》contemporary period (現 ➦513)
* 現住所 げんじゅうしょ 《formal》present address
* 現役 げんえき active service [duty]; player on the active list; student taking university entrance exams while still enrolled in school
426
払
ⓐ sweep away; ⓑ completely; ⓒ pay
/拂;扫;加以(注意等);全;支付/拂;掃;加以(注意等);全;支付
/떨[불];떨다;(주의를) 기울이다;완전히;지불하다
訓読み
ⓐ sweep away; ⓒ pay
払う
はらう to sweap away; to pay (money, attention, respects, etc.)
ⓑ completely(V(masu-stem)+払う)
‡ 売り払う うりはらう to sell off
落ち着き払う おちつきはらう to stay quite unruffled; to stay calm
酔っ払い よっぱらい 《informal》drunken person; drunkard (酔= to get drunk)
ⓒ pay
支払う しはらう 《slightly formal》to pay (money)
支払い しはらい 《slightly formal》payment
払い込む はらいこむ to pay in
音読み
ⓐ sweep away
‡ 払拭する ふっしょくする 《formal》to sweep away (the anxiety, the negative image, the fixed idea, etc.)
427
支
ⓐ branch
; ⓑ earthly branch; ⓒ disperse; ⓓ allocate; ⓔ disburse; ⓕ support; ⓖ get stuck
/支;阻碍/支;阻礙/지탱할[지];가지;지지;흩어지다;가르다;지불하다;지탱하다;막히다
訓読み
ⓕ support
支える
ささえる to support; to prop
音読み
ⓐ branch
ⓑ earthly branch
‡ 十二支 じゅうにし the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac
ⓒ disperse
‡ 支離滅裂な しりめつれつな incoherent
ⓓ allocate (←"divide into pieces")
支配する しはいする 《slightly formal》to rule; to govern; to dominate; to control (←"to direct" ←"to distribute the work")
支度 したく 《slightly archaic》preparation (used for daily or personal things) (← original meaning is "estimate")
ⓔ disburse
支払う
しはらう 《slightly formal》to pay (money) (← Originally, "し" is derived from a phonetic equivalent of the stem of masu-form of "する" (do))
支払い しはらい 《slightly formal》payment
支出
ししゅつ 《slightly formal》expenditure; outgoing
1 収支 しゅうし 《formal》income [revenue] and expenditure; balance of payments
ⓕ support
1 支持する しじする 《slightly formal》to support; to uphold
ⓖ get stuck
1 支障 ししょう 《slightly formal》obstacle; trouble
428
収
ⓐ take in; ⓑ gain
; ⓒ settle; ⓓ confiscate
/收/收/거둘[수];거두다;얻다;수습하다;몰수하다
訓読み
ⓐ take in; ⓑ gain; ⓒ settle
収める
おさめる ⦅vt.⦆ to make (a profit); to win [gain] (a victory); to settle (into a suitable place); to settle (a dispute, a rebellion, etc.)
ⓒ settle
1 収まる おさまる ⦅vi.⦆ (of something,) to go (in [into, on] a suitable place); to settle (into a suitable place); (of something of disorder or turbulence such as storms, pain, anger, disturbance, etc.,) to calm down
音読み
ⓐ take in
吸収する
きゅうしゅうする 《slightly formal》to absorb
ⓑ gain
1 収集する しゅうしゅうする 《slightly formal》to collect
1 回収する かいしゅうする 《slightly formal》to collect (waste materials, payment, debts, something that once belonged to oneself); to recall (a defective product)
1 収支 しゅうし 《formal》income [revenue] and expenditure; balance of payments
* 領収書
りょうしゅうしょ (formal) receipt (領= receive)
* 年収 ねんしゅう annual income [salary]
ⓒ settle
1 収拾する しゅうしゅうする 《slightly formal》to save [settle] (the situation); to get (something) under control
429
額
ⓐ forehead; ⓑ picture frame; ⓒ amount of money
/额;画框/額;畫框/이마[액];이마;액;금액
訓読み
ⓐ forehead
音読み
ⓑ picture frame; ⓒ amount of money
↑額
がく〈head-high accent〉 (=金額(きんがく))amount of money; sum
〈flat accent〉 (=額縁(がくぶち))picture frame
ⓒ amount of money
金額
きんがく amount of money; sum
* 税額 ぜいがく 《formal》amount of tax
430
価
/价/價/값[가];값
訓読み
ⓐ price
‡ 価 あたい 《archaic》price
ⓑ value
1 価する あたいする 《formal》to be worth
音読み
ⓐ price
物価
ぶっか 《slightly formal》prices of commodities; general price level
価格 かかく 《formal》price
* 税込み価格(税込価格) ぜいこみかかく price including tax (込 ➦436)
‡ 税別価格 ぜいべつかかく price excluding [without] tax (別 ➦454)
‡ 安価な あんかな 《formal》low-priced; inexpensive; cheap
ⓑ value
価値 かち value; worth
評価 ひょうか evaluation; (good, bad, etc.) opinion; appraisal (評= evaluate)
431
格
ⓐ frame; ⓑ lattice; ⓒ essential qualities; ⓓ distinction; ⓔ norm
; ⓕ correct; ⓖ allocated space; ⓗ grapple; ⓘ status; ⓙ(grammatical) case; ⓚ exactly
/格;骼;分配的空间;恰/格;骼;分配的空間;剛好
/격식[격];뼈대;격자;본질적 성질;뛰어난 성질;표준;바로잡다;할당공간;맞붙어 싸우다;지위;(문법의) 격;바로
音読み
ⓐ frame
体格 たいかく physique; build (of the human body)
‡ 骨格 こっかく skeletal structure; frame; build; framework; skeleton
ⓑ lattice
‡ 格子 こうし 《formal and slightly archaic》lattice; grid
ⓒ essential qualities (of a human)
性格
せいかく character (of human, domestic animals, a matter); personality
1 人格 じんかく 《slightly formal》personality
ⓓ distinction
‡ 品格 ひんかく 《formal》dignity
ⓔ norm
合格
ごうかく 《slightly formal》pass (in an examination or a test); success (in an examination)
合格する
ごうかくする 《slightly formal》to pass (an exam); to get through (a test); to stand (the quality test)
* 不合格 ふごうかく 《slightly formal》failure (of an examination); rejection (of inspection)
1 失格 しっかく 《slightly formal》disqualification
1 資格 しかく qualification; (in one's) capacity (as ~) (資 ➦594)
ⓕ correct
‡ 厳格な げんかくな 《slightly formal》strict; rigorous; stern; rigid
‡ 格言 かくげん 《formal》proverb; saying; maxim
ⓖ allocated space
‡ 格納 かくのう 《formal》to store
ⓗ grapple
‡ 格闘 かくとう 《slightly formal》struggle; grapple;; tussle
ⓘ status
1 ↓格 かく〈flat accent〉 status; rank
1 本格 ほんかく 《formal》original method [procedure]
* 本格的な ほんかくてきな full-blown; full-scale; full-fledged (level, function)
ⓙ(grammatical) case
‡↑格 かく〈head-high accent〉 《grammar》(grammatical) case
‡ 格助詞 かくじょし 《grammar》case particle
ⓚ exactly (substitution kanji of "恰")
格好 かっこう «also written as "恰好"» appearance; look; form; posture; state; suitable
432
値
/值/值/값[치];값
訓読み
ⓐ value
1 ↓値
あたい 《formal》value; number value
1 値する あたいする 《formal》to be worth(= 価する)
ⓑ price
↑値 ね 《slightly archaic》price
* 値上がり
ねあがり rise in price
* 値下がり ねさがり fall in price
* 値上げ
ねあげ raising the price
* 値下げ ねさげ price reduction
音読み
ⓑ price
433
段
ⓐ step
; ⓑ tier; ⓒ one block of writing; ⓓ level; ⓔ grade; ⓕ row; ⓖ times table
/段;时候;层;梯/段;時候;層;梯/층계[단];단;층;높낮이 차이가 있는 곳이나 것;때;이야기 토막;정도
音読み
ⓐ step; ⓑ tier; ⓒ one block of writing; ⓓ level; ⓔ grade
↓段 だん step (of the stairs, a ladder); step (as a phase); tier; shelf (of the bookshelf, cabinet, etc.); (at the) moment; grade
ⓐ step
段階 だんかい stage; phase; step
* 一段落する いちだんらくする to be settled for the time being
手段 しゅだん 《slightly formal》means; measure
ⓑ tier
‡ 二段ベッド にだんべっど bunk bed
‡ 段々畑 だんだんばたけ terraced fields
‡ 段違い平行棒 だんちがいへいこうぼう 《gymnastics》uneven bars
ⓒ one block of writing (or speech)
‡ 前段 ぜんだん 《very formal》the preceding paragraph; foregoing part
‡ 三段論法 さんだんろんぽう 《logic》syllogism
ⓓ level
ⓔ grade (as senior rank of ranking system)
↑~(number)段 ~だん ~ dan (degree of advanced proficiency in martial arts, go, shōgi, calligraphy, etc.); rank
‡ 初段 しょだん the first grade (of martial arts, go, shōgi, calligraphy, etc.); a first grade holder
ⓕ row (of the Japanese syllabary table)
‡ ア段 あだん row of syllables on the Japanese syllabary table that ends with the vowel sound "a"(a, ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya, ra, wa, ...)
ⓖ times table
‡ 五の段 ごのだん multiplication table of 5; 5 times table
434
割
ⓐ split; ⓑ divide; ⓒ break
; ⓓ cut; ⓔ go out (of the line); ⓕ fall below; ⓖ dilute; ⓗ ten percent; ⓘ rate; ⓙ use (some area)
/割;分;除(法);打破(杯子,鸡蛋等);碎;挤开;越出;低于;对(水);-成;比率
/割;分;除(法);打破(杯子,雞蛋等);碎;擠開;越出;低於;對(水);-成;比率
/나눌[할];쪼개다;나누다;깨다;깨지다;부수다;자르다;끼어들다;(범위의) 밖에 나가다;밑돌다;(물을) 타다;-할;비율;할애하다
訓読み
ⓐ split; ⓑ divide; ⓒ break; ⓓ cut; ⓔ go out (of the line); ⓕ fall below; ⓖ dilute
割れる
われる ⦅vi.⦆ to break; to crack; to divide; to split (potential form of "割る")
割る
わる ⦅vt.⦆ to break; to crack; to divide; to split; to cut; to dilute; to fall below (a level); to go out (of the line); to step over (the edge)
ⓑ divide
1 割り当て わりあて allocation; allotment; assignment
時間割
じかんわり (weekly) school timetable; class schedule
役割
やくわり (assigned) role; assigning parts
割り算 わりざん 《mathematics》division
ⓓ cut; ⓕ fall below
割り込む わりこむ to cut in; to fall [drop] below
ⓓ cut; ⓙ use (some area)
‡ 割く
さく to cut open with force; to spare (time); to devote (space to)
ⓖ dilute
‡ 水割り みずわり watered-down drink; whiskey and water
ⓗ ten percent
~(number)割 ~わり (unit of ten percent)
‡ 1割 いちわり 10%
‡ 2割引 にわりびき 20% discount
ⓘ rate
割合
わりあい proportion; rate; ratio
* 割り引く わりびく to discount
* 学生割引 がくせいわりびき student discount
* 学割 がくわり student discount (< an abbreviation of "学生割引")
* 割り増し わりまし additional; extra
* 割増料金 わりましりょうきん extra charge (for midnight, high season, etc.)
音読み
ⓑ divide
* 分割する
ぶんかつする 《slightly formal》to divide (into), to partition
ⓒ break
‡ 割愛する かつあいする 《formal》to omit (←"to break off one's attachment")
ⓓ cut
‡ 割烹 かっぽう 《archaic》Japanese-style cooking [restaurant] (←"to cut meat and boil it")
435
税
/税/税/세금[세];조세
音読み
◎ tax
* 消費税 しょうひぜい consumption tax
* 税込み(価格) ぜいこみ(かかく) price including tax
‡ 税別(価格) ぜいべつ(かかく) price excluding [without] tax
‡ 税抜き(価格) ぜいぬき(かかく) price excluding [without] tax
税関 ぜいかん customs; custom house
1 関税 かんぜい customs; customs duty; tariff
免税品 めんぜいひん duty-free goods
課税する
かぜいする 《formal》to tax
436
込
ⓐ move inward
; ⓑ thoroughly; ⓒ continue the state; ⓓ include; ⓔ be crowded
; ⓕ be mingled; ⓖ spread within a certain range
/-进去;彻底;状态继续;在内;拥挤;搀杂;笼罩;充满/-進去;徹底;狀態繼續;在內;擁擠;攙雜;籠罩;充滿
/담을[입];들어가다;철저히;상태가 계속되다;포함해서;붐비다;가득하다
訓読み
ⓐ move inward; ⓓ include
込める こめる to load (a gun); to put (one's heart, one's wish, one's power, etc.) into
ⓐ move inward(V(masu-stem)+込む, adding the meaning 'go into' or 'put into')
1 乗り込む のりこむ to get on board of (trains, buses, ships, aircraft, etc.); to get into (a car)
* 持ち込む
もちこむ to bring [carry] in; to take (something into ...)
1 飲み込む のみこむ to swallow; to catch on to (the job, the skill, etc.)
割り込む わりこむ to cut in; to fall [drop] below
申し込む
もうしこむ to apply for; to make a proposal
1 申し込み もうしこみ application
ⓑ thoroughly(V(masu-stem)+込む)
落ち込む
おちこむ to fall in; to cave in; to sink; to get depressed; to feel down; to decrease
1 煮込む にこむ to boil well; to stew; to simmer
* 冷え込む ひえこむ to get colder
ⓒ continue the state(V(masu-stem)+込む)
思い込む
おもいこむ to be under the impression
* 思い込み おもいこみ subjective impression
‡ 考え込む かんがえこむ be lost in thought; to be deep in thought; to brood over
ⓓ include
* 税込み(税込)
ぜいこみ including tax; tax included (↔ "税別"(ぜいべつ),"税抜き"(ぜいぬき))
‖ 税込み価格(税込価格)
ぜいこみかかく price including tax
ⓔ be crowded
↓込む
こむ «also written as "混む"» to be crowded
ⓕ be mingled
‡↑込む こむ to be mingled
‖ 手の込んだ てのこんだ ⦅adjective phrase⦆ intricate (designs); elaborate (workmanship)
‡ 込み入った こみいった ⦅adjective equivalent⦆ complicated; complex; intricate
ⓖ spread within a certain range
‡ 立ち込める たちこめる to envelope (of smoke, mist, smell, etc.)
437
袋
/袋/袋/자루[대];자루
訓読み
◎ bag
* レジ袋
れじぶくろ plastic shopping bag
ごみ袋 ごみぶくろ garbage [trash] bag
* 紙袋 かみぶくろ paper bag
‡ 非常袋 ひじょうぶくろ emergency bag (非 ➦507; 常 ➦572)
‡ のし袋 のしぶくろ envelope for a gift of money
音読み
◎ bag
‡ 風袋 ふうたい 《business》tare; bag of goods (as a term for weighing)
特別な読み
◎ bag
足袋 たび tabi (traditional Japanese split-toed socks)
438
両
ⓐ both
; ⓑ two; ⓒ vehicle; ⓓ counter for railway cars in a train; ⓔ one of the monetary units of the Edo Period
/两;双;辆;火车的节数;江户时代的一个货币单位
/兩;雙;輛;火車的節數;江戶時代的一個貨幣單位
/두[량]([양]);양쪽의;둘;차량;열차 차량을 세는 단위;에도 시대의 화폐단위 중의 하나
音読み
ⓐ both
* 両手
りょうて both hands; both arms
ⓑ two
‡ 一両日 いちりょうじつ 《formal and slightly archaic》a day or two
ⓒ vehicle
* 車両 しゃりょう 《slightly formal》cars; vehicle
ⓓ counter for railway cars in a train
~両 ~りょう (counter for railway cars in a train)
ⓔ one of the monetary units of the Edo Period
両替 りょうがえ money changing; money exchanging
439
替
◎ replace
(one thing or person with another)
/替/替/바꿀[체];갈다;바꾸다
訓読み
◎ replace (one thing or person with another)
替える かえる to replace [change] (one thing with another of the same kind, a person with another)
(≒ 換える (かえる) to change (one thing with another); to exchange; to interchange)
取り替える
とりかえる (= 取り換える)to replace; to exchange
* 入れ替える いれかえる to replace (only the contents)
* 建て替える たてかえる to rebuild (a building)
1 立て替える たてかえる to pay temporarily (for someone, on someone's behalf)
1 切り替える きりかえる (= 切り換える)to switch (something from A to B)
* 買い替える かいかえる (= 買い換える)to buy a replacement; to replace by buying (something new)
着替え きがえ changing clothes; change of clothes
着替える きかえる/きがえる to change one's clothes
両替
りょうがえ money changing; money exchanging
* 振り替え(振替) ふりかえ transfering (of rail); (postal money) transfer
‡ 振替休日 ふりかえきゅうじつ substitute holiday
‡ 替え歌 かえうた new lyrics to a well known song; song parody
音読み
◎ replace (one thing or person with another)
交替
こうたい shift (alternation or rotation); taking turns (交 ➦460)
特別な読み
◎ replace (one thing or person with another)
為替
かわせ 《economics》money order; foreign exchange