日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第28課
440
暖
訓
あたた(か)、あたた(かい)
、あたた(まる)
、あたた(める)
◎ warm
(surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)
/暖/暖/따뜻할[난];(주위의 공기,날씨,옷,색 등이) 따스하다
訓読み
◎ warm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)
暖かい
あたたかい warm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)
暖まる
あたたまる ⦅vi.⦆ (of the air, (the air of) the place,) to get warm; to be warmed
暖める
あたためる ⦅vt.⦆ to warm [heat] (the air, (the air of) the place)
音読み
◎ warm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)
暖房
だんぼう heating;《popularly used》heater (房= chamber)
* 暖冬 だんとう warm winter; mild winter
441
涼
ⓐ moderately cool
(weather, surrounding air, etc.); ⓑ clear (eyes); ⓒ unconcerned; ⓓ desolate
/凉快;凉爽;若无其事的;凄凉/涼快;涼爽;若無其事的;淒涼
/서늘할[량]([양]);서늘하다;시원하다;아무렇지도 않은;쓸쓸하다
訓読み
ⓐ moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.); ⓑ clear (eyes); ⓒ unconcerned
涼しい
すずしい moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.); clear (eyes)
‖ 涼しい顔をしている すずしいかおをしている to look unconcerned
ⓐ moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.)
夕涼み ゆうすずみ enjoying the cool evening breeze on a veranda, balcony or outside
音読み
ⓐ moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.)
* 清涼
せいりょう 《formal》refreshingness
‖ 清涼飲料 せいりょういんりょう refreshing beverage [drink] (cf. "炭酸飲料"(たんさんいんりょう) carbonated drink)
ⓓ desolate
‡ 荒涼 こうりょう 《formal》desolation
442
温
訓
あたた(か)、あたた(かい)
、あたた(まる)
、あたた(める)
ⓐ warm
; ⓑ warmhearted; ⓒ keep alive; ⓓ revive; ○<temperature>
/温;照旧/溫;照舊/따뜻할[온];따뜻하다;그대로;되살리다;<온도>
訓読み
ⓐ warm; ⓑ warmhearted
温かい
あたたかい warm (feeling of a part of the body); warmhearted
ⓐ warm; ⓒ keep alive
温まる
あたたまる ⦅vi.⦆ (of something except the air or (the air of) the place,) to get warm
温める
あたためる ⦅vt.⦆ to warm (something except for the air); (of a bird,) to sit on (its eggs to hatch them); to cherish (an idea); to renew (old friendship)
音読み
ⓐ warm
* 温度計 おんどけい thermometer
温泉
おんせん hot spring; spa (泉= spring)
温室 おんしつ green house
温帯 おんたい 《geography》temperate climates; temperate zone
ⓑ warmhearted
* 温厚な おんこうな 《slightly formal》mild(-mannered); good-tempered
ⓒ keep alive
* 温存する おんぞんする 《slightly formal》to save (for later use); to preserve (one's strength, power, ability, something useful, an old system, an old-fashioned custom, etc.) (存= exist; keep)
○<abbreviation of "温度">
体温 たいおん body temperature
* 体温計
たいおんけい clinical thermometer
* 室温 しつおん 《formal》room temperature
高温 こうおん high temperature
443
熱
ⓐ hot
(except for the weather); ⓑ heat; ⓒ fever
/热/熱/더울[열];뜨겁다;열
訓読み
ⓐ hot (except for the weather)
熱い
あつい hot (except for the weather)
音読み
ⓐ hot (except for the weather)
熱湯 ねっとう boiling water (湯 ➦616)
熱帯 ねったい 《geography》tropics; tropical zone
ⓑ heat
熱する ねっする 《formal》to make something hot; to heat
熱心な
ねっしんな eager; zealous; earnest
熱中する
ねっちゅうする to involve oneself; to be absorbed (in doing something)
ⓑ heat; ⓒ fever
熱
ねつ heat; temperature of the body; fever
ⓒ fever
熱病 ねつびょう 《formal》(disease of) fever; febrile disease
444
冷
訓
つめ(たい)
、ひ(える)
、ひ(や)、ひ(やす)
、ひ(やかす)、さ(める)
、さ(ます)
/冷;凉;嘲弄/冷;涼;嘲弄/찰[랭]([냉]);차다;식다;놀리다
訓読み
ⓐ cold
冷たい
つめたい cold (to the touch); chilly
ⓐ cold; ⓑ cool
冷える
ひえる ⦅vi.⦆ to get cold (from room temperature); to get chilly; (of relations,) to cool
冷やす
ひやす ⦅vt.⦆ to cool (something by artificial means); to chill; to cool down
ⓑ cool
冷める
さめる ⦅vi.⦆ to become cool (from a high temperature to room temperature, especially of liquids); to cool down (interest)
冷ます
さます ⦅vt.⦆ to cool (something hot naturally without artificial means)
ⓒ tease
1 冷やかす ひやかす to tease; to make fun of
音読み
ⓐ cold
1 冷蔵 れいぞう 《slightly formal》cold storage; refrigeration(蔵= store)
冷蔵庫
れいぞうこ refrigerator (庫= storage place)
冷凍 れいとう freezing
* 冷凍庫 れいとうこ freezer
冷房
れいぼう cooling; air conditioning;《popularly used》air conditioner
* 冷暖房 れいだんぼう 《formal》heating and cooling; air conditioning
* 冷夏 れいか cold summer; cooler-than-normal summer
ⓑ cool
冷静な
れいせいな cool-headed; dispassionate
445
難
ⓐ disaster; ⓑ fault; ⓒ criticize; ⓓ difficult
/难/難/어려울[난];재난;결점;나무라다;어렵다
訓読み
ⓓ difficult
難しい
むずかしい difficult; hard (to do)
‡↓難い かたい 《very formal》hard (to do)
↑~(V(masu-stem)+)難い ~がたい «often written in hiragana» 《formal》hard (to do)
有り難い(有難い)
ありがたい «generally written in hiragana» thankful (←"hard to exist")
音読み
ⓐ disaster
災難 さいなん misfortune
* 避難 ひなん refuge
ⓑ fault
* 無難な ぶなんな acceptable; safe
ⓒ criticize
非難する ひなんする 《slightly formal》to criticize; to find fault with; to blame
ⓓ difficult
困難な
こんなんな 《formal》hard; difficult; arduous
446
易
ⓐ change; ⓑ exchange; ⓒ fortune telling; ⓓ easy
/易/易/바꿀[역];바꾸다;점 / 쉬울[이];쉽다
訓読み
ⓓ easy
易しい
やさしい «often written in hiragana» easy; plain
音読み
ⓐ change
‡ 不易 ふえき 《formal and archaic》immutability
‡ 不易流行 ふえきりゅうこう 《philosophy》the idea that the unvarying and the temporary changing are one nature
ⓑ exchange
貿易
ぼうえき (foreign [international]) trade (貿 ➦489)
1 交易 こうえき 《formal》(commercial) trade; commerce
ⓒ fortune telling (←"predicting a change")
‡ 易 えき 《formal and archaic》fortune telling
ⓓ easy
容易な
よういな 《formal》easy; facile (容 ➦595)
‡ 平易な へいいな 《formal》simple; plain
安易な あんいな thoughtless
* 難易度 なんいど 《formal》degree of difficulty; difficulty level
447
甘
ⓐ sweet
; ⓑ mild; ⓒ indulgent; ⓓ naive; ⓔ soft (be done imperfectly)
/甘;甜;原味(咖喱);不严;娇;乐观/甘;甜;原味(咖喱);不嚴;嬌;楽観
/달[감];달다;순한 (카레);엄하지 않다;응석;안이하다;(나사가) 느슨하다;(칼날이) 무디다
訓読み
ⓐ sweet; ⓑ mild
1 甘口 あまくち sweet flavor; mild (curry, comments)
ⓐ sweet; ⓒ indulgent; ⓓ naive; ⓔ soft (be done imperfectly)
甘い
あまい sweet; indulgent; naive; be not well done (of quality, thinking, etc.); be a bit out (of focus); over-optimistic (outlook); not well tempered (of a blade)
* 甘さ
あまさ 《abstract》(character of) sweetness; over-optimism
ⓐ sweet
* 甘み
あまみ «also written as "甘味"» 《concrete》sweet taste
‡ 甘党 あまとう person who prefers sweet things (to alcoholic drinks); person with a sweet tooth
ⓒ indulgent
1 甘える
あまえる (< to act on other's indulgent attitude toward oneself)to behave like a spoiled child; to behave dependent entirely on another's benevolence; to have one's own way expecting the other's goodwill; to rely on someone's favor
甘え あまえ behavior of relying selfishly on other's indulgent attitude toward oneself; mind to depend on others; depending excessively on others; coddling oneself; selfish feeling
甘やかす
あまやかす to pamper; to indulge; to coddle; to spoil (a child, a close person, etc.)
甘んじる あまんじる 《formal》to accept resignedly; to be resigned (to)
音読み
ⓐ sweet
* 甘味料
かんみりょう 《formal》sweetener
‡ 甘言 かんげん 《formal》sweet talk; flattery
ⓒ indulgent
‡ 甘受する かんじゅする 《formal》to accept resignedly; to be resigned (to)
448
辛
ⓐ painful; ⓑ hot (taste)
; ⓒ dry; ⓓ salty (containing too much salt); ⓔ severe; ⓕ with difficulty; ⓖ bibulous
/辛;辣;咸;严;好不容易;爱喝酒的/辛;辣;鹹;嚴;好不容易;愛喝酒的
/매울[신];괴롭다;맵다;쌉쌀하다;짜다;신랄하다;가까스로;술을 좋아하는
訓読み
ⓑ hot (taste); ⓒ dry; ⓓ salty (containing too much salt); ⓔ severe
1 辛口 からくち hot [spicy] (curry); dry (wine, sake); salty (miso); severe [bitter] (criticism)
ⓑ hot (taste); ⓓ salty (containing too much salt); ⓔ severe
↓辛い
からい hot [spicy] (curry); severe (evaluation); salty (containing too much salt)(=塩辛い(しおからい))
ⓑ hot (taste)
* 唐辛子 とうがらし red pepper; cayenne pepper; chili pepper
ⓕ with difficulty
1 辛くも からくも 《formal》barely; narrowly(= かろうじて《slightly formal》)
ⓖ bibulous
‡ 辛党 からとう 《slightly archaic》person fond of alcohol (as opposed to sweets)
音読み
ⓐ painful
1 辛抱する しんぼうする to endure
ⓑ hot (taste)
1 香辛料
こうしんりょう spice (香= fragrant)
特別な読み
ⓐ painful
↑辛い つらい «reading not listed in the Jōyō Kanji table, so officially written in hiragana» painful; hard
449
苦
訓
にが(い)
、にが(る)、くる(しい)
、くる(しむ)
、くる(しめる)
/苦/苦/쓸[고];쓰다;고통스럽다
訓読み
ⓐ bitter
苦手な
にがてな (mentally) not good at; tough to deal with; something disliked
‡ 苦笑い にがわらい bitter [wry] smile
ⓑ suffering
苦しい
くるしい painful; trying; difficult
音読み
ⓐ bitter
苦情 くじょう 《slightly formal》(expression of) complaint
‡ 苦笑 くしょう 《formal》bitter [wry] smile
ⓑ suffering
苦労
くろう trouble; labor (労 ➦603)
‖ ご苦労さまでした。 ごくろうさまでした。 «"様", often written inhiragana» Thank you for your hard work. (greetings of gratitude generally used by a superior to an inferior)
苦痛 くつう 《slightly formal》pain; suffering
450
低
ⓐ low
; ⓑ short (height of a body)
/低;矮/低;矮/낮을[저];낮다;(키가) 작다
訓読み
ⓐ low; ⓑ short (height of a body)
低い
ひくい low; short (height of a body); deep (voice)
音読み
ⓐ low
* 低温
ていおん 《slightly formal》low temperature
低下 ていか 《slightly formal》decline; fall; deterioration
‡ 低価格 ていかかく 《objective》low price
ⓑ short (height of a body)
‡ 低身長 ていしんちょう 《formal》short stature
451
簡
ⓐ bamboo slips; ⓑ letter; ⓒ simple
/简/簡/대쪽[간];죽간;편지;간단하다
音読み
ⓐ bamboo slips
‡ 竹簡 ちくかん/ちっかん 《historical》bamboo slips (used as media for documents before the widespread introduction of paper)
ⓑ letter
* 書簡 しょかん 《formal and slightly archaic》letter; epistle
ⓒ simple
1 簡素な かんそな 《formal》simple
452
単
ⓐ single; ⓑ simple
; ⓒ unit
/单/單/홑[단];단 하나;단순하다;가장 작은 구성 부분
音読み
ⓐ single
単語
たんご 《slightly formal》word
ⓑ simple
単に たんに 《slightly formal》simply; merely; only; just
単なる たんなる 《slightly formal》mere; simple
単純な たんじゅんな simple; simple-minded
ⓒ unit
単位 たんい unit; unit of measure; credit (in school)
453
特
/特/特/특별할[특];특별하다
音読み
◎ special
特に
とくに specially; especially; particularly
‖ 特にありません。 とくにありません。 Not in particular.
特別な
とくべつな special; particular (not common in degree or condition)
特急
とっきゅう special [limited] express (train) (< an abbreviation of "特別急行列車"(きゅうこうれっしゃ)or "特別急行電車"(とくべつきゅうこうでんしゃ))
特徴
とくちょう special [distinctive] feature; (distinguishing) characteristic (徴= characteristic)
特長 とくちょう 《slightly formal》(often used for advertising) features; superior characteristic
特色 とくしょく distinctive feature; excellent characteristic
1 特技 とくぎ one's special talent
* 特産物 とくさんぶつ specialty products
特殊な とくしゅな special; particular (unusual and exceptional)
‡ 特撮 とくさつ special-effects (photography) (< an abbreviation of "特殊撮影"(とくしゅさつえい))
454
別
ⓐ separate
; ⓑ each separate; ⓒ distinguish; ⓓ distinct
; ⓔ another
/别/別/다를[별];헤어지다;제각기;구별하다;다른
訓読み
ⓐ separate
音読み
ⓐ separate
* 送別会
そうべつかい farwell party
ⓑ each separate
1 個別の こべつの 《slightly formal》individual
‡ ~別 ~べつ classified by; organized by; according to
‖ 年齢別 ねんれいべつ 《slightly formal》(classification) by age
‖ 能力別 のうりょくべつ 《slightly formal》(classification) by ability
ⓒ distinguish
性別 せいべつ distinction of sex
区別する くべつする to tell ~ apart; to distinguish
差別 さべつ discrimination
*↓分別 ぶんべつ 《slightly formal》separation and sorting
*↑分別 ふんべつ 《slightly formal》discretion; prudence; (good) judgement
ⓓ distinct
別に
(+negative) べつに (not) in paticular
‖ 別に(ありません)。 べつに(ありません)。 Not in particular. (an expression of indifference or boredom)
特別な
とくべつな special; particular
格別 かくべつ 《formal》⦅adv.⦆ particularly; especially
ⓔ another
別の
べつの another; other; different
‡ 別世界 べっせかい another world