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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第28課
440

あたた()

あたた(かい)

あたた(まる)

あたた(める)

ダン

warm

(surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)
따뜻할[난];(주위의 공기,날씨,옷,색 등이) 따스하다
 訓読み
warm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)

暖かい

あたたかいwarm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)

暖まる

あたたまるvi.(of the air, (the air of) the place,) to get warm; to be warmed

暖める

あたためるvt.to warm [heat] (the air, (the air of) the place)
音読み
warm (surrounding air, weather, clothes, color, etc.)

暖房

だんぼうheating;popularly usedheater (房= chamber
*暖冬だんとうwarm winter; mild winter

441

すず(しい)

すず()

リョウ

moderately cool

(weather, surrounding air, etc.); clear (eyes); unconcerned; desolate
凉快;凉爽;若无其事的;凄凉涼快;涼爽;若無其事的;淒涼
서늘할[량]([양]);서늘하다;시원하다;아무렇지도 않은;쓸쓸하다
 訓読み
moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.); clear (eyes); unconcerned

涼しい

すずしいmoderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.); clear (eyes)
‖ 涼しい顔をしているすずしいかおをしているto look unconcerned
moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.)

涼む

すずむto cool oneself
夕涼みゆうすずみenjoying the cool evening breeze on a veranda, balcony or outside
音読み
moderately cool (weather, surrounding air, etc.)
*

清涼

せいりょうformalrefreshingness
‖ 清涼飲料せいりょういんりょうrefreshing beverage [drink] cf. "炭酸飲料"(たんさんいんりょう) carbonated drink
desolate
荒涼こうりょうformaldesolation

442

あたた()

あたた(かい)

あたた(まる)

あたた(める)

オン

warm

; warmhearted; keep alive; revive; <temperature>
温;照旧溫;照舊따뜻할[온];따뜻하다;그대로;되살리다;<온도>
 訓読み
warm; warmhearted

温かい

あたたかいwarm (feeling of a part of the body); warmhearted
warm; keep alive

温まる

あたたまるvi.(of something except the air or (the air of) the place,) to get warm

温める

あたためるvt.to warm (something except for the air); (of a bird,) to sit on (its eggs to hatch them); to cherish (an idea); to renew (old friendship)
音読み
warm

温度

おんどtemperature
*温度計おんどけいthermometer

温泉

おんせんhot spring; spa (泉= spring
温室おんしつgreen house
温帯おんたいgeographytemperate climates; temperate zone
warmhearted
*温厚なおんこうなslightly formalmild(-mannered); good-tempered
keep alive
*温存するおんぞんするslightly formalto save (for later use); to preserve (one's strength, power, ability, something useful, an old system, an old-fashioned custom, etc.) (存= exist; keep
<abbreviation of "温度">

気温

きおん(air) temperature
体温たいおんbody temperature
*

体温計

たいおんけいclinical thermometer
*室温しつおんformalroom temperature
高温こうおんhigh temperature

443

あつ(い)

ネツ

hot

(except for the weather); heat; fever
더울[열];뜨겁다;열
 訓読み
hot (except for the weather)

熱い

あついhot (except for the weather)
音読み
hot (except for the weather)
熱湯ねっとうboiling water (湯 616)
熱帯ねったいgeographytropics; tropical zone
heat
熱するねっするformalto make something hot; to heat

熱心な

ねっしんなeager; zealous; earnest

熱中する

ねっちゅうするto involve oneself; to be absorbed (in doing something)
heat; fever

ねつheat; temperature of the body; fever
fever
熱病ねつびょうformal(disease of) fever; febrile disease

444

つめ(たい)

ひ(える)

、ひ(や)

ひ(やす)

、ひ(やかす)

さ(める)

さ(ます)

レイ

cold

; cool; tease
冷;凉;嘲弄冷;涼;嘲弄찰[랭]([냉]);차다;식다;놀리다
 訓読み
cold

冷たい

つめたいcold (to the touch); chilly
cold; cool

冷える

ひえるvi.to get cold (from room temperature); to get chilly; (of relations,) to cool

冷やす

ひやすvt.to cool (something by artificial means); to chill; to cool down
cool

冷める

さめるvi.to become cool (from a high temperature to room temperature, especially of liquids); to cool down (interest)

冷ます

さますvt.to cool (something hot naturally without artificial means)
tease
1  冷やかすひやかすto tease; to make fun of
音読み
cold
1  冷蔵れいぞうslightly formalcold storage; refrigeration(蔵= store

冷蔵庫

れいぞうこrefrigerator (庫= storage place
冷凍れいとうfreezing
*冷凍庫れいとうこfreezer

冷房

れいぼうcooling; air conditioning;popularly usedair conditioner
*冷暖房れいだんぼうformalheating and cooling; air conditioning
*冷夏れいかcold summer; cooler-than-normal summer
cool

冷静な

れいせいなcool-headed; dispassionate

445

むずか(しい)

かた()

ナン

disaster; fault; criticize;

difficult

어려울[난];재난;결점;나무라다;어렵다
 訓読み
difficult

難しい

むずかしいdifficult; hard (to do)
難いかたいvery formalhard (to do)
(V(masu-stem)+)難い~がたい «often written in hiragana» formalhard (to do)

有り難い(有難い)

ありがたい «generally written in hiragana» thankful (←"hard to exist"
音読み
disaster
災難さいなんmisfortune
*避難ひなんrefuge
fault
*無難なぶなんなacceptable; safe
criticize
非難するひなんするslightly formalto criticize; to find fault with; to blame
difficult

困難な

こんなんなformalhard; difficult; arduous

446

やさ(しい)

エキ

change; exchange; fortune telling;

easy

바꿀[역];바꾸다;점 / 쉬울[이];쉽다
 訓読み
easy

易しい

やさしい «often written in hiragana» easy; plain
音読み
change
不易ふえきformal and archaicimmutability
不易流行ふえきりゅうこうphilosophythe idea that the unvarying and the temporary changing are one nature
exchange

貿易

ぼうえき(foreign [international]) trade (貿 489)
1  交易こうえきformal(commercial) trade; commerce
fortune telling (←"predicting a change"
えきformal and archaicfortune telling
easy

容易な

よういなformaleasy; facile (容 595)
平易なへいいなformalsimple; plain
安易なあんいなthoughtless
*難易度なんいどformaldegree of difficulty; difficulty level

447

あま(い)

あま(える)

あま(やかす)

カン

sweet

; mild; indulgent; naive; soft (be done imperfectly)
甘;甜;原味(咖喱);不严;娇;乐观甘;甜;原味(咖喱);不嚴;嬌;楽観
달[감];달다;순한 (카레);엄하지 않다;응석;안이하다;(나사가) 느슨하다;(칼날이) 무디다
 訓読み
sweet; mild
1  甘口あまくちsweet flavor; mild (curry, comments)
sweet; indulgent; naive; soft (be done imperfectly)

甘い

あまいsweet; indulgent; naive; be not well done (of quality, thinking, etc.); be a bit out (of focus); over-optimistic (outlook); not well tempered (of a blade)
*

甘さ

あまさabstract(character of) sweetness; over-optimism
sweet
*

甘み

あまみ «also written as "甘味concretesweet taste
甘党あまとうperson who prefers sweet things (to alcoholic drinks); person with a sweet tooth
indulgent
1  

甘える

あまえる(< to act on other's indulgent attitude toward oneselfto behave like a spoiled child; to behave dependent entirely on another's benevolence; to have one's own way expecting the other's goodwill; to rely on someone's favor
甘えあまえbehavior of relying selfishly on other's indulgent attitude toward oneself; mind to depend on others; depending excessively on others; coddling oneself; selfish feeling

甘やかす

あまやかすto pamper; to indulge; to coddle; to spoil (a child, a close person, etc.)
甘んじるあまんじるformalto accept resignedly; to be resigned (to)
音読み
sweet
*

甘味料

かんみりょうformalsweetener
甘言かんげんformalsweet talk; flattery
indulgent
甘受するかんじゅするformalto accept resignedly; to be resigned (to)

448

から(い)

シン

painful;

hot (taste)

; dry; salty (containing too much salt); severe; with difficulty; bibulous
辛;辣;咸;严;好不容易;爱喝酒的辛;辣;鹹;嚴;好不容易;愛喝酒的
매울[신];괴롭다;맵다;쌉쌀하다;짜다;신랄하다;가까스로;술을 좋아하는
 訓読み
hot (taste); dry; salty (containing too much salt); severe
1  辛口からくちhot [spicy] (curry); dry (wine, sake); salty (miso); severe [bitter] (criticism)
hot (taste); salty (containing too much salt); severe

辛い

からいhot [spicy] (curry); severe (evaluation); salty (containing too much salt)(=塩辛い(しおからい))
hot (taste)
*唐辛子とうがらしred pepper; cayenne pepper; chili pepper
with difficulty
1  辛くもからくもformalbarely; narrowly(= かろうじて《slightly formal》)
bibulous
辛党からとうslightly archaicperson fond of alcohol (as opposed to sweets)
音読み
painful
1  辛抱するしんぼうするto endure
hot (taste)
1  

香辛料

こうしんりょうspice (香= fragrant
特別な読み
painful
辛いつらい «reading not listed in the Jōyō Kanji table, so officially written in hiragana» painful; hard

449

にが(い)

、にが()

くる(しい)

くる(しむ)

、くる(しめる)

bitter

; suffering
쓸[고];쓰다;고통스럽다
 訓読み
bitter

苦い

にがいbitter

苦手な

にがてな(mentally) not good at; tough to deal with; something disliked
苦笑いにがわらいbitter [wry] smile
suffering

苦しい

くるしいpainful; trying; difficult

苦しむ

くるしむto suffer
音読み
bitter
苦情くじょうslightly formal(expression of) complaint
苦笑くしょうformalbitter [wry] smile
suffering

苦労

くろうtrouble; labor (労 603)
‖ ご苦労さまでした。ごくろうさまでした。 «"", often written inhiragana» Thank you for your hard work. (greetings of gratitude generally used by a superior to an inferior)
苦痛くつうslightly formalpain; suffering

450

ひく(い)

、ひく(める)、ひく(まる)

テイ

low

; short (height of a body)
低;矮低;矮낮을[저];낮다;(키가) 작다
 訓読み
low; short (height of a body)

低い

ひくいlow; short (height of a body); deep (voice)
音読み
low
*

低温

ていおんslightly formallow temperature
低下ていかslightly formaldecline; fall; deterioration
低価格ていかかくobjectivelow price
short (height of a body)
低身長ていしんちょうformalshort stature

451

カン

bamboo slips; letter;

simple

대쪽[간];죽간;편지;간단하다
音読み
bamboo slips
竹簡ちくかん/ちっかんhistoricalbamboo slips (used as media for documents before the widespread introduction of paper)
letter
*書簡しょかんformal and slightly archaicletter; epistle
simple
1  簡素なかんそなformalsimple

簡単な

かんたんなplain; easy

452

タン

single;

simple

; unit
홑[단];단 하나;단순하다;가장 작은 구성 부분
音読み
single

単語

たんごslightly formalword
simple
単にたんにslightly formalsimply; merely; only; just
単なるたんなるslightly formalmere; simple
単純なたんじゅんなsimple; simple-minded

簡単な

かんたんなplain; easy
unit
単位たんいunit; unit of measure; credit (in school)

453

トク

special

특별할[특];특별하다
音読み
special

特に

とくにspecially; especially; particularly
‖ 特にありません。とくにありません。Not in particular.

特別な

とくべつなspecial; particular (not common in degree or condition)

特急

とっきゅうspecial [limited] express (train) (< an abbreviation of "特別急行列車"(きゅうこうれっしゃ)or "特別急行電車"(とくべつきゅうこうでんしゃ))

特徴

とくちょうspecial [distinctive] feature; (distinguishing) characteristic (徴= characteristic
特長とくちょうslightly formal(often used for advertising) features; superior characteristic
特色とくしょくdistinctive feature; excellent characteristic
1  特技とくぎone's special talent
*特産物とくさんぶつspecialty products
特殊なとくしゅなspecial; particular (unusual and exceptional)
特撮とくさつspecial-effects (photography) (< an abbreviation of "特殊撮影"(とくしゅさつえい))

454

わか(れる)

ベツ

separate

; each separate; distinguish;

distinct

; another
다를[별];헤어지다;제각기;구별하다;다른
 訓読み
separate

別れる

わかれるto part
音読み
separate
*

送別会

そうべつかいfarwell party
each separate
1  個別のこべつのslightly formalindividual
~別~べつclassified by; organized by; according to
‖ 年齢別ねんれいべつslightly formal(classification) by age
‖ 能力別のうりょくべつslightly formal(classification) by ability
distinguish

別々に

べつべつにseparately
性別せいべつdistinction of sex
区別するくべつするto tell ~ apart; to distinguish
差別さべつdiscrimination
*分別ぶんべつslightly formalseparation and sorting
*分別ふんべつslightly formaldiscretion; prudence; (good) judgement
distinct

別に

(+negativeべつに(not) in paticular
‖ 別に(ありません)。べつに(ありません)。Not in particular. (an expression of indifference or boredom)

特別な

とくべつなspecial; particular
格別かくべつformaladv.particularly; especially
another

別の

べつのanother; other; different
別世界べっせかいanother world





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