日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第29課
455
橋
/桥/橋/다리[교];다리
訓読み
◎ bridge
↓日本橋
にほんばし 《proper name》Nihonbashi (place name in Tokyo)
↑日本橋
にっぽんばし 《proper name》Nipponbashi (place name in Osaka)
高橋(さん)
たかはし(さん) 《proper name》(family name of Japanese)
音読み
◎ bridge
鉄橋 てっきょう railway bridge
‡ 歩道橋
ほどうきょう pedestrian overpass
456
向
ⓐ turn toward
; ⓑ suit for; ⓒ to face; ⓓ go toward; ⓔ direction; ⓕ the other side; ⓖ coming; ⓗ offer
/向;适合;对面;往…去;那边;对方;从现在起/向;適合;対面;往…去;那邊;對方;從現在起
/향할[향];향하다;적합하다;마주하다;방향;건너;저쪽;상대편;앞으로;바치다;주다
訓読み
ⓐ turn toward; ⓑ suit for
向く
むく ⦅vi.⦆ to turn one's head; to face (in a direction); to be suited for
~向き ~むき faced to (the direction - point of the compass); suitable for
向ける
むける ⦅vt.⦆ to turn toward; to point toward; to aim at
~向け ~むけ for (used to show a destination of goods or who is intended to use the thing)
ⓐ turn toward
振り向く ふりむく to turn around; to look back (at something)
* 前向き まえむき facing front; forward-looking; positive; constructive
* 後ろ向き うしろむき back facing; turning one's back to; backward-looking
仕向ける しむける to lead [induce] (someone to do);《formal》to send out (goods)
ⓒ to face
向かい
むかい the opposite side
‖ 向かいの家 むかいのいえ the house opposite [across the street]
* 向かい風 むかいかぜ headwind
ⓒ to face; ⓓ go toward
向かう
むかう to go toward; to face
ⓔ direction (in which someone or something is facing)
‡ 風向き かざむき direction of the wind; wind direction; the situation
ⓕ the other side
↓向こう
むこう the other side; over there; yonder; opponent; the other party
* 向こう側 むこうがわ the other side; the opposite side
ⓖ coming
‡↑向こう(+period of time) むこう~ 《colloquial but formal》(for) the coming ~
‖ 向こう2週間 むこうにしゅうかん 《colloquial but formal》for the coming two weeks
ⓗ offer
‡ 手向ける たむける 《slightly formal》to offer (something, such as a flower, to a deity or someone's spirit);《archaic》to give (a farewell gift to a person who is parting or setting out on a journey)
音読み
ⓐ turn toward
傾向 けいこう tendency; trend; inclination
1 意向 いこう 《formal》intention; wish
‡ 意向形
いこうけい 《grammar》volitional form
ⓒ to face
* 対向車 たいこうしゃ oncoming car
‡ 対向車線 たいこうしゃせん opposite lane
ⓔ direction (in which someone or something is facing)
1 風向 ふうこう 《formal》direction of the wind; wind direction
ⓗ offer
‡ 回向 えこう 《Buddhism》Buddhist memorial service, prayers for the repose of the soul
457
面
ⓐ face; ⓑ surface
; ⓒ aspect; ⓓ area; ⓔ mask; ⓕ page (of a newspaper)
/面/面/낯[면];낯;면
訓読み
ⓐ face
‡↓面 おもて 《archaic》face
‡ 面 つら 《rough spoken》face
面白い
おもしろい «often written in hiragana» interesting; amusing; entertaining; funny (←"becoming light in front of one's face")
音読み
ⓐ face; ⓑ surface; ⓒ aspect; ⓔ mask
面
めん 《formal》face; mask; surface; side; aspect; phase; page (of a newspaper); men, a face mask with shoulder protectors for kendō
ⓐ face
1 面する めんする 《slightly formal》to face; to look out on; to front
面接
めんせつ interview (for a job); interview examination (for admission to a schoo) (接 ➦565)
対面 たいめん 《slightly formal》act of meeting face to face; face-to-face
* 洗面所 せんめんじょ 《slightly formal》lavatory; washroom; bathroom (not focus on bathing)
ⓑ surface
* 画面
がめん picture [screen] (of a television or a film as a viewing surface)
地面 じめん surface of the earth; ground
面積 めんせき square measure; area
ⓑ surface; ⓒ aspect
1 側面 そくめん 《formal》side; aspect
ⓒ aspect
ⓒ aspect; ⓓ area
方面 ほうめん direction (used to indicate the area ambiguously, or to indicate where a train is bound for); area; field; aspect; angle
ⓔ mask
‡↑お面 おめん 《informal》mask
ⓕ page (of a newspaper)
‡ 紙面 しめん 《slightly formal》space of a newspaper
‡ 社会面 しゃかいめん local [city] news page
○(phonetic equivalent)
面倒な めんどうな troublesome; perplexing; onerous
特別な読み
ⓒ aspect
真面目な
まじめな «often written inhiragana» serious; earnest
458
角
ⓐ horn; ⓑ corner
; ⓒ angle; ⓓ quadrate; ⓔ vie
/角/角/뿔[각];뿔;모퉁이;각도;방형;겨루다
訓読み
ⓐ horn
ⓑ corner
四つ角 よつかど 《slightly archaic》crossroads
音読み
ⓐ horn
‡ 頭角 とうかく 《formal》horn on the head; outstanding talent
‡ 一角獣 いっかくじゅう unicorn (獣= animal; beast)
ⓑ corner
三角形 さんかくけい/さんかっけい 《mathematics》triangle
* 正三角形 せいさんかっけい 《mathematics》equilateral triangle
四角形 しかくけい/しかっけい 《mathematics》quadrilateral
四角い
しかくい rectangular; square
ⓒ angle
1 ↑角 かく 《mathematics》angle
角度 かくど (magnitude of the) angle; angular measure; point of view
直角 ちょっかく right angle
‡ 直角三角形 ちょっかくさんかっけい 《mathematics》right(-angled) triangle
方角 ほうがく direction (of a place or an area);《slightly archaic》point of the compass
ⓓ quadrate
‡ 全角 ぜんかく full width character; character of a square ratio (such as 漢字, ひらがな); two-byte [multi-byte] characters (< an abbreviation of "全角文字"(ぜんかくもじ))
‡ 半角 はんかく half width character; character of a 1:2 aspect ratio (such as regular Latin alphabets, numerals, punctuation marks in English); one-byte characters (< an abbreviation of "半角文字"(はんかくもじ))
ⓔ vie
‡ 角逐 かくちく 《formal》vying; rivalry; competition (逐= drive out)
○<abbreviation of "角力">
‡ 角界 かくかい 《formal》the world of sumō; the sumō world
特別な読み
ⓔ vie
‡ 角力 すもう «generally written as "相撲"» sumō (wrestling)
459
側
/侧;边/側;邊/곁[측];곁;쪽;가장자리
訓読み
ⓐ side
* 外側
そとがわ outside; outer side
* 内側
うちがわ inside; inner part
* 南側 みなみがわ south side
* 片側 かたがわ one side
* 向こう側
むこうがわ the other side; the opposite side
ⓑ edge
‡ 側 がわ (watch) case
‡ 縁側 えんがわ engawa, external corridor on the outer side of traditional Japanese houses; meat at the base of a fin (especially of a flatfish)
音読み
ⓐ side
1 側面
そくめん 《formal》side; aspect
* 側近 そっきん 《slightly formal》close associate [adviser, aide] (of a man of power)
460
交
訓
ま(じる)
、ま(ざる)
、ま(ぜる)、まじ(わる)
、まじ(える)、か(う)、か(わす)
ⓐ to cross
; ⓑ associate; ⓒ interchange; ⓓ hand over; ⓔ mix
/交;杂/交;雜/사귈[교];교차하다;사귀다;주고받다;교부하다;섞이다
訓読み
ⓐ to cross; ⓑ associate
1 交わる
まじわる 《slightly formal》to intersect;《slightly archaic》to associate
ⓑ associate; ⓔ mix
交じる
まじる to be mixed; to associate with
交ざる
まざる (mixed-ratio is higher than "交じる") to be mixed; to associate with
ⓒ interchange
1 交わす
かわす 《slighly formal》to exchange
ⓔ mix
交ぜる まぜる to mix
音読み
ⓐ to cross
交差する こうさする 《slighly formal》(of lines or surfaces,) to cross [intersect]
交差点
こうさてん intersection; crossroads; crossing (差 ➦554)
ⓑ associate
交際する こうさいする 《slighly formal and slighly archaic》to keep company (with); to associate (with)
交流する
こうりゅうする 《slighly formal》to interact (to visit or to communicate mutually between socially different groups) (流 ➦534)
外交 がいこう 《formal》diplomacy
ⓒ interchange
交通
こうつう 《slighly formal》traffc; means of transportation [transport]
交通機関 こうつうきかん 《slightly formal》means of transportation [transport]; transport facilities
* 交通規則 こうつうきそく 《formal》traffic rules [regulations]
* 交通事故
こうつうじこ traffic accident
交換する
こうかんする 《slightly formal》to exchange; to interchange
交替 こうたい shift (alternation or rotation); taking turns
1 交代 こうたい change (with another member); alternation (of generation) (代 ➦513)
ⓓ hand over
1 交付 こうふ 《formal》issue; grant(an act of the government or a public office giving money or issuing documents in accordance with the procedures)
‡ 手交 しゅこう 《very formal》handing over; delivery (by hand)
ⓔ mix
‡ 交雑 こうざつ 《biology》crossbreeding; crossing (between different genotypes)
461
横
ⓐ horizontal (as opposed to vertical); ⓑ east-west direction; ⓒ side
; ⓓ similar degree of relationship; ⓔ arbitrary
/横;躺着的状态/橫;躺著的狀態/가로[횡];가로;누운 상태;옆;마음대로
訓読み
ⓐ horizontal (as opposed to vertical); ⓒ side; ⓓ similar degree of relationship
横
よこ side; horizontal (as opposed to vertical) (↔ "縦"(たて) vertical)
‖ 横になる よこになる to lie down
‖ 横のつながり よこのつながり horizontal relationships of equals (of the nexus of social relationships. Not vertical, hierarchical relationships but relationships of people of equal status or age) (e.g., the connection between fellow students rather than that between a senior and a junior student)
ⓐ horizontal (as opposed to vertical)
* 横書き よこがき horizontal writing (↔ "縦書き"(たてがき) vertical writing)
1 横綱 よこづな yokozuna (the highest rank of sumō wrestler or sumō wrestler of the highest rank)(← symbolized by a horizontal rope (綱, つな) worn around the waist)
ⓒ side
横切る よこぎる to cross; to go across
○(others)
横浜
よこはま 《proper name》Yokohama (place name)
音読み
ⓐ horizontal (as opposed to vertical)
‡ 横転する おうてんする 《slightly formal》to topple sideways; (of a truck,) to roll over
ⓑ east-west direction
‡ 大陸横断 たいりくおうだん transcontinental
ⓒ side
横断する おうだんする 《slightly formal》to cross (a street, the land, the sea) (断= cut off)
横断歩道
おうだんほどう pedestrian crossing
ⓔ arbitrary (←"to deviate aside")
1 横柄な おうへいな 《slightly formal》arrogant; haughty; insolent; imperious
‡ 横行する おうこうする 《formal》to be rampant
462
祭
/祭;祭祀;祭典活动;节庆;节/祭;祭祀;祭典活動;節慶;節/제사[제];모시다;제사;축제
訓読み
ⓐ enshrine
祭る まつる to deify; to enshrine
ⓑ festival
↑お祭り
おまつり 《polite or colloquial》festival
祇園祭
ぎおんまつり 《proper name》Gion Festival (in Kyoto)
音読み
ⓐ enshrine
‡ 祭壇 さいだん alter
ⓑ festival
文化祭 ぶんかさい cultural festival; school festival (化 ➦502)
* 前夜祭
ぜんやさい the eve (of festival)
祭日
さいじつ (popular name of "祝日"(しゅくじつ); 祝 ➦525) national holiday
‡ 学園祭 がくえんさい campus [school] festival
大学祭 だいがくさい university [college] festival
463
季
{youngest child}; ⓐ the last part of a period; ⓑ season
/季/季/계절[계];{막내};기간의 끝;철
音読み
ⓑ season
四季
しき 《slightly formal》four seasons
* 春季 しゅんき 《formal》spring season
* 夏季 かき 《formal》summer season
* 秋季 しゅうき 《formal》autumn season
* 冬季 とうき 《formal》winter season
‡ 雨季 うき rainy season
‡ 乾季 かんき dry season (乾= dry)
‡ 季語 きご seasonal word (in renga(連歌(れんが))and haiku(俳句(はいく)))
464
節
ⓐ joint; ⓑ(wood) knot; ⓒ node; ⓓ something noticeable; ⓔ section
; ⓕ tune; ⓖ occasion; ⓗ feast day; ⓘ maintain certain limits; ⓙ sign of commission
/节/節/마디[절];마디;두드러진 점;절;선율;때;축제일;절도를 지키다;임명의 표지
訓読み
ⓐ joint; ⓑ(wood) knot; ⓓ something noticeable; ⓕ tune
↓節
ふし joint (of a bamboo); (wood) knot; tune; something noticeable
ⓑ(wood) knot
‡ 節穴 ふしあな knothole; bad eyes
ⓑ(wood) knot; ⓔ section
* 節目 ふしめ knot (in a tree); critical juncture; turning point
○(others: simmered, smoked, fermented and dried fish)
* 鰹節 かつおぶし dried bonito; dried bonito shavings (used as a broth of various soups in Japanese cuisine or as dried food sprinkled over rice)
音読み
ⓐ joint
* 関節 かんせつ joint (of bones); articulatio
‡ 節足動物 せっそくどうぶつ 《biology》arthropod
ⓒ node
‡ リンパ節 りんぱせつ 《medical》lymph node
ⓒ node; ⓔ section; ⓖ occasion (distinguished from others)
1 ↑節 せつ 《formal》section (of a text)
‡ 《grammar》clause
‡ 《courteous expression》(on that) occasion
ⓔ section
* 一節 いっせつ a passage (of a book, poem, speech, etc.); a stanza; a verse
‡ 音節 おんせつ 《linguistics》syllable
‡ 主節 しゅせつ 《grammar》main clause
‡ 従属節 じゅうぞくせつ 《grammar》subordinate [dependent] clause
ⓖ occasion (distinguished from others)
‡ 時節 じせつ 《formal and slightly archaic》season; the time of year; the times; due time; chance
ⓗ feast day (on which a change of seasons is celebrated)
‡ お節料理
おせちりょうり Japanese traditional New Year's dish
* 節分 せつぶん Setsubun, the day of seasonal division, especially referred to the day before the beginning of spring on the traditional Japanese calendar, normally around the 3rd of February
‡ 節句 せっく (five) seasonal festival in Japan such as "桃の節句"(もものせっく):3月3日,"端午の節句"(たんごのせっく):5月5日)
ⓘ maintain certain limits
* 節電 せつでん electricity saving
‡ 礼節 れいせつ 《formal》propriety
ⓙ sign of commission
‡ 使節 しせつ envoy; mission (← An envoy brought a tally as a sign of commission in old days in China.)
465
昔
/昔/昔/옛[석];옛날
訓読み
◎ former times
昔
むかし ⦅n., adv.⦆ (in) old [former] times [days]; long time ago; (in) years past
* 大昔 おおむかし ancient times
* 昔話
むかしばなし talk about the past; old tale
音読み
◎ former times
‡ 昔日 せきじつ 《very formal》bygone days; olden times
‡ 今昔 こんじゃく 《formal and archaic》present time and former time
466
美
ⓐ beautiful
; ⓑ superior; ⓒ praise
/美/美/아름다울[미];아름답다;뛰어나다;칭찬하다
訓読み
ⓐ beautiful
美しい
うつくしい 《slightly formal》beautiful
音読み
ⓐ beautiful; ⓑ superior
1 美 び 《slightly formal》beauty; crowning achievement
ⓐ beautiful
美人 びじん beautiful woman [lady]; beauty
1 美術 びじゅつ (fine) art (術 ➦588)
美容 びよう beauty (beautifying one's appearance) (容 ➦595)
* 美容院
びよういん beauty salon [parlor]
* 美容室 びようしつ beauty salon [parlor] (often used as a shop name)
* 美容師 びようし beautician; hairdresser (of a beauty salon)
ⓑ superior
* 美味 びみ 《formal》deliciousness; dainty food
‡ 美技 びぎ 《formal》fine play; excellent performance
ⓒ praise
1 賛美 さんび 《formal》praise; glorification
1 褒美 ほうび 《formal and archaic》reward
‖ ご褒美 ごほうび «often written in hiragana» 《slightly archaic》reward
特別な読み
ⓑ superior
美味しい おいしい «generally written in hiragana» tasty; nice (of food); yummy
美味い うまい «rough in colloquial; generally written in hiragana» tasty; nice (of food); yummy
467
風
ⓐ wind
; ⓑ natural surroundings; ⓒ manner; ⓓ savor; ⓔ rumor; ⓕ illness; ⓖ insinuate
/风;讽/風;諷/바람[풍];바람;자연의 모습;모습;식;멋;소문;병;빈정거리다
訓読み
ⓐ wind
* 風向き
かざむき direction of the wind; wind direction; tide of affairs
1 ↓風車
かざぐるま (toy) pinwheel
ⓒ manner
‡ 先輩風 せんぱいかぜ patronizing air; pompous behavior (as a senior)
音読み
ⓐ wind
* 強風 きょうふう 《slightly formal》strong [high] wind; gale
‡ 風向 ふうこう 《formal》direction of the wind; wind direction
‖ 台風9号 たいふうきゅうごう Typhoon No.9
風船 ふうせん balloon
風鈴 ふうりん wind bell
扇風機 せんぷうき (electric) fan
‡ 風化 ふうか 《slightly formal》weathering; fading (of memory or experience over time) (←"decomposition by the workings of the wind")
ⓑ natural surroundings
風景 ふうけい 《slightly formal and objective》landscape; scene; scenery
‡ 花鳥風月 かちょうふうげつ 《formal and archaic》the beauties of nature; the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics
ⓒ manner
↑~風 ~ふう style; type; bearing
‖ こんな風に こんなふうに 《colloquial》like this; in this way
1 和風
わふう Japanese style [taste, image]
1 洋風 ようふう Western style [taste, image]
* 中国風 ちゅうごくふう Chinese style [taste, image]
* 中華風 ちゅうかふう Chinese style [tasting] (food)
1 風習 ふうしゅう (local) custom
ⓓ savor
* 風情 ふぜい 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》tasteful atmosphere; (refined) taste; elegant atmosphere; quaint
ⓕ illness
‡ 痛風 つうふう 《medical》gout
‡ 風疹 ふうしん 《medical》rubella
ⓖ insinuate (substitution kanji of "諷")
‡ 風刺 ふうし 《slightly formal》satire
○(phonetic equivalent)
風呂敷 ふろしき traditional Japanese wrapping cloth
特別な読み
ⓕ illness
風邪
かぜ (common) cold (←"caused by an evil wind of an evil spirit") (邪= evil)
468
景
ⓐ scene
; ⓑ business conditions; ⓒ attracting the attention
/景;引人注目/景;引人注目/경치[경];경치;상태;경제적인 상황;주목을 끌다
音読み
ⓐ scene
風景
ふうけい 《slightly formal and objective》landscape; scene; scenery
光景 こうけい 《formal》sight; scene
* 夜景 やけい night view
情景 じょうけい 《slightly formal》scene (that arouses certain emotions in one's mind)
背景 はいけい background; (social) context
ⓑ business conditions
景気
けいき economic conditions; business condition
* 好景気 こうけいき 《formal》prosperity
1 不景気 ふけいき 《slightly formal》recession; bad times
ⓒ attracting the attention
‡ 景品 けいひん prize (of a lottery or pachinko); giveaway
特別な読み
ⓐ scene
景色
けしき scenery; scene; view; landscape
469
周
ⓐ all around; ⓑ periphery
; ⓒ go around; ⓓ cycle
/周/周/두루[주];두루;둘레;돌다;주기
訓読み
ⓑ periphery
周り
まわり circumference; surrounding; periphery; vicinity
音読み
ⓐ all around
‡ 周知 しゅうち 《formal》being well-known; being known to all
ⓑ periphery
周辺
しゅうへん 《slightly formal》periphery; vicinity (辺 ➦620)
周囲 しゅうい 《slightly formal》circumference; surrounding; periphery
円周 えんしゅう 《mathematics》circumference of a circle
ⓒ go around
* 一周
いっしゅう one round; lap; going around
‡ 周遊 しゅうゆう 《formal》tour
ⓓ cycle
1 周期 しゅうき 《slightly formal》cycle
1 一周年 いっしゅうねん (celebration of) the first anniversary