日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第30課
470
法
ⓐ law
; ⓑ rule; ⓒ method; ⓓ measurement; ⓔ system; ⓕ(grammatical) mood; ⓖ dharma
/法;尺度;语气/法;尺度;語氣/법[법];법;규칙;척도;서법
音読み
ⓐ law
法 ほう 《formal》law
法律
ほうりつ law (of national unit)
憲法 けんぽう constitution (憲= important basic rule)
1 法学 ほうがく 《academic》(science of) law; jurisprudence
法学部
ほうがくぶ faculty [school] of law
法務省 ほうむしょう 《proper name》Ministry of Justice
* 合法 ごうほう 《slightly formal》legality; lawfulness; legitimacy
* 違法 いほう 《slightly formal》illegality; unlawfulness
1 法案 ほうあん 《slightly formal》(legislative) bill
‡ 法度 はっと 《historical》law
‡ 御法度 ごはっと 《historical》law;《slightly archaic》taboo (← It refers to the act of violating a law. "御(ご)" is a prefix adding the sense of formality.)
ⓑ rule
ⓒ method
方法
ほうほう 《slightly formal》method; way; means
1 製法 せいほう 《formal》manufacturing method [process]
作法 さほう 《slightly formal》manners; etiquette; propriety
魔法 まほう magic (not an entertainment); witchcraft; sorcery
ⓓ measurement
1 寸法 すんぽう measurements (寸= a traditional unit of length)
ⓔ system
‡ メートル法 めーとるほう metric system
ⓕ(grammatical) mood
‡ 仮定法 かていほう 《grammar》subjunctive (mood)
‡ 直説法 ちょくせつほう 《grammar》indicative (mood)
ⓖ dharma
‡ 仏法 ぶっぽう 《Buddhism》the teachings of Buddhism
法隆寺 ほうりゅうじ 《proper name》Hōryūji Temple (in Nara) (< literally, "Temple of the Flourishing Dharma")
‡ 法王 ほうおう 《slightly archaic》the Pope (of Rome) (< diversion from a Buddhist term) (《academic or official term》教皇 きょうこう)
471
律
ⓐ rule
; ⓑ law of nature; ⓒ regulate; ⓓ tone
/律/律/법[률]([율]);규칙;자연의 법칙;규정하다;음조
音読み
ⓐ rule
法律
ほうりつ law (of national unit)
* 法律学 ほうりつがく 《academic》nomology; jurisprudence
‡ 戒律 かいりつ 《slightly formal》religious precepts; commandment
ⓒ law of nature
‡ 因果律 いんがりつ 《philosophy》law of causality (因果< "原因(げんいん)" と "結果(けっか)" :cause and effect)
ⓒ regulate
‡ 律する りっする 《formal》to judge (on the basis of); to discipline (oneself);
規律 きりつ 《slightly formal》discipline; order; rules
1 一律 いちりつ 《slightly formal》uniformity; evenness
ⓔ tone
‡ 旋律 せんりつ 《formal and slightly archaic》melody
472
政
/政/政/정사[정];행정;도맡다
訓読み
ⓐ government
‡ 政 まつりごと 《archaic》affairs of state; politics under the unity of ritual and government
音読み
ⓐ government
政治
せいじ politics; government
* 政治学 せいじがく 《academic》political science; politics
* 政治家
せいじか politician; statesman
政府
せいふ government; administration
政党 せいとう political party
1 行政 ぎょうせい 《politics》administration
‡ 摂政 せっしょう 《historical》regency; regent
ⓑ manage
‡ 家政 かせい 《very formal》housekeeping
‡ 家政婦 かせいふ 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》(paid) housekeeper
473
治
訓
なお(る)
、なお(す)
、おさ(まる)、おさ(める)
ⓐ bring under control; ⓑ govern
; ⓒ cure
/治/治/다스릴[치];다스리다;(병을) 고치다
訓読み
ⓐ bring under control; ⓑ govern; ⓒ cure
治める
おさめる ⦅vt.⦆ to govern; to pacify; (of a symptom such as a pain,) to subside; to control (flooding)
ⓒ cure
治る
なおる ⦅vi.⦆ to get well; to cure; to recover from; to heal
治す
なおす ⦅vt.⦆ to cure; to heal
音読み
ⓐ bring under control
‡ 治水 ちすい 《formal》flood control
1 治安 ちあん public order; public security
ⓑ govern
政治
せいじ politics; government
自治
じち 《formal》(governmental) autonomy; self-government
* 地方自治体
ちほうじちたい 《slightly formal》local government; municipality
ⓒ cure
1 治療 ちりょう (medical) treatment
‡ 治験 ちけん 《formal》clinical trial (←"efficacy of treatment")
474
科
{classification}; ⓐ subject of study
; ⓑ department of a hospital; ⓒ family (taxonomic rank); ⓓ text of a law; ⓔ crime
/科;系/科;系/과목[과];{분류};(학과나 병원, 생물 분류상의) 과;법률의 조문;범죄
音読み
ⓐ subject of study
科学
かがく science (< science of many specialized subjects)
* 科学者 かがくしゃ scientist
百科事典 ひゃっかじてん encyclopedia
学科
がっか academic department (in a university); subdivision of "学部"; school subject
‖ 法学部政治学科 ほうがくぶせいじがっか department of political science, faculty [school] of law
‖ 理学部物理学科 りがくぶぶつりがっか department of physics, faculty [school] of science
科目
かもく school subject; subject of study (on a school curriculum); course of study; item
1 教科 きょうか 《school》school subject; larger unit of "科目"
ⓑ department of a hospital
内科
ないか 《medical》internal medicine
ⓒ family (taxonomic rank)
‡ バラ科 ばらか 《biology》Rosaceae (バラ= rose)
ⓓ text of a law
‡ 科条 かじょう 《archaic and very formal》law
‡ 金科玉条 きんかぎょくじょう 《formal and slightly archaic》golden rule
ⓔ crime
‡ 科す かす 《formal》to impose (a fine)
* 前科 ぜんか criminal record; previous offense [conviction]
‡ 科料 かりょう 《legal》fine (for a minor offense)
475
経
ⓐ warp thread; ⓑ longitudinal; ⓒ pass through
; ⓓ manage
; ⓔ always fixed; ⓕ menstruation; ⓖ sutra
/经/經/지날[경];날실;세로 방향의;지나다;처리하다;항상 일정한;월경;불경
訓読み
ⓒ pass through
1 経る
へる 《slightly archaic》to pass; to go by; to go [pass] through; to undergo
音読み
ⓐ warp thread; ⓑ longitudinal
1 経緯 けいい 《formal》sequence of events; circumstances; details (until then) (cf. 緯= woof thread); longitude and latitude
ⓑ longitudinal
経度 けいど 《geography》longitude (↔ "緯度"(いど) 《geography》latitude)
‡ 東経 とうけい 《geography》east longitude
‡ 西経 せいけい 《geography》west longitude
ⓒ pass through
経由
けいゆ 《slightly formal》via; (by) way of
経験する
けいけんする to experience; to go through; to undergo
神経 しんけい nerve; nerves; sensitivity;《medical》nerve
‡ 神経質な しんけいしつな nervous; very sensitive
1 経歴 けいれき 《slightly formal》one's career; personal history (歴 ➦478)
ⓓ manage (←"according to a logical thread")
経営 けいえい management (such as of a company, business or a state)
経済
けいざい economy (< "経世済民" (けいせいさいみん)《archaic and historical》governing a nation and providing relief to the people)
* 経済学 けいざいがく 《academic》(science of) economics
経済学部
けいざいがくぶ faculty [school] of economics
* 経済的な
けいざいてきな economic; economical (的 ➦503)
経済産業省 けいざいさんぎょうしょう 《proper name》Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
1 経理 けいり 《slightly formal》accounting (of a company)
ⓔ always fixed
1 経費 けいひ 《slightly formal》constant costs; (large scale and official) expenses [costs];《tax》overhead costs
ⓕ menstruation
‡ 月経 げっけい 《medical》menstruation
ⓖ sutra (←"unchanging teachings")
‡ (お)経 (お)きょう sutra; Buddhist scriptures
476
済
{carry across a river safely}; ⓐ relieve
; ⓑ be settled; ⓒ repay a debt
/济;了结;还债/濟;了結;還債/건널[제];{무사히 강을 건네다};구제하다;결말이 나다;빚을 갚다
訓読み
ⓑ be settled
済む
すむ «also written in hiragana» to finish; to be settled; to be over; to escape; to be excused
音読み
ⓐ relieve
* 救済する きゅうさいする 《formal》to relieve (救= save)
* 経済学 けいざいがく 《academic》(science of) economics
経済学部 けいざいがくぶ faculty [school] of economics
* 経済的な けいざいてきな economic; economical
経済産業省 けいざいさんぎょうしょう 《proper name》Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
ⓑ be settled
決済する
けっさいする 《formal》to settle (an account) (決 ➦538)
ⓒ repay a debt
返済する へんさいする 《formal》to repay (a debt); to pay back (a debt); to refund
‡ 完済する かんさいする 《formal》to pay off (one's debts)
477
営
ⓐ barracks; ⓑ construct; ⓒ carry on one's business
; ⓓ suffix indicating the operating body; ⓔ do activity; ⓕ be hard at work
/营;勤劳/營;勤勞
/경영할[영];병영;(구조물을) 만들다;영위하다;운영의 주체를 나타내는 접미사;열심히 일하다
訓読み
ⓑ construct; ⓒ carry on one's business; ⓔ do activity
1 営む
いとなむ 《formal and slighly archaic》to perform (livelihood); to engage in (business); to run (a business); to hold (a ceremony); to build (a nest, a castle, etc.)
音読み
ⓐ barracks
* 陣営 じんえい 《formal》camp (on a battlefield); camp (group of same ideological beliefs); side (one of the contesting groups)
ⓑ construct
‡ 設営する せつえいする 《formal》to set up [to construct, to arrange] (facilities, a structure, a place for meeting, etc.)
ⓒ carry on one's business
営業
えいぎょう 《slightly formal》business (especially with customer service such as a shop, a bank or a hotel); sales (sales work or department in a company)
‖ 24時間営業 にじゅうよじかんえいぎょう 《slightly formal》open 24 hours
営業する
えいぎょうする 《slightly formal》(of a shop, a bank or a hotel, etc.) to be open
* 営業中
えいぎょうちゅう 《written word》OPEN (sign in a shop or restaurant entrance) (↔ "準備中" (じゅんびちゅう) 《written word》CLOSED)
《slightly formal》open for business (↔ "営業時間外" (えいぎょうじかんがい) 《slightly formal》non-business hours; outside business hours; currently closed)
経営 けいえい management (such as of a company, business or a state)
* 経営学 けいえいがく 《academic》business administration; management studies
経営学部 けいえいがくぶ faculty [school] of business administration
経営学科 けいえいがっか department of business administration
* 経営者 けいえいしゃ manager
1 運営 うんえい 《slightly formal》management (such as of an organization or a system)
自営業 じえいぎょう self-employed business; independent business
ⓓ suffix indicating the operating body
* 国営 こくえい government management
‡ 官営 かんえい 《archaic》government management
* 公営 こうえい 《slightly formal》public management
* 市営 しえい 《slightly formal》municipal management
‡ 私営 しえい 《slightly formal》private management
* 民営化 みんえいか 《slightly formal》privatization
ⓔ do activity; ⓕ be hard at work
‡ 営為 えいい 《very formal》workings (of); human activity
ⓕ be hard at work
‡ 営利 えいり 《formal》profit-making
‡ 営々と えいえいと 《very formal》busily; sedulously
478
歴
ⓐ pass from place to place; ⓑ in succession; ⓒ spend many days; ⓓ trace of time passing
; ⓔ gain experience; ⓕ distinct
/历/歷
/지낼[력]([역]);여기저기 거치다;이어 내려온;많은 날을 보내다;변천의 자취;경험을 쌓다;뚜렷하다
音読み
ⓐ pass from place to place
‡ 歴訪 れきほう 《formal》round of visits
ⓑ in succession
‡ 歴任する れきにんする 《formal》to hold various posts successively
‡ 歴代の れきだいの 《formal》successive (emperors, famous cars manufactured by the company, popular TV programs, etc., from the beginning of the history until now)
ⓒ spend many days
‡ 歴年 れきねん 《very formal》one year after another
ⓓ trace of time passing
1 学歴
がくれき school [academic] career; academic background
ⓔ gain experience
1 経歴 けいれき 《slightly formal》career; persoanl history; back ground
* 履歴書
りれきしょ curriculum vitae; resume (prepared by an applicant for a job) (履= carry out)
ⓕ distinct
1 歴然とした れきぜんとした 《formal》obvious; distinct
479
史
/史/史/사기[사];기록계;역사
音読み
ⓐ chronicler
‡ 史官 しかん 《historical》chronicler, an official post involving keeping historical records
1 女史 じょし 《formal》socially active woman; Ms. [Mrs., Miss, Mme.] (a connotation of status)
ⓑ history
* 日本史
にほんし history of Japan
* 世界史
せかいし history of the world
* 西洋史 せいようし history of the Western world
* 東洋史 とうようし Oriental history
* ロシア史 ろしあし history of Russia
* 文化史 ぶんかし cultural history
‡ 史料 しりょう 《academic》historical sources [documents, records]
480
育
/育/育/기를[육];기르다
訓読み
ⓐ nurture; ⓑ grow
育つ
そだつ ⦅vi.⦆ to be brought up; to grow (up)
育てる
そだてる ⦅vt.⦆ to bring up; to nurture; to grow; to rear
ⓐ nurture
‡ 育む
はぐくむ 《formal and slightly archaic》to nurture
ⓑ grow
1 育ち そだち growth; breeding (coming from a family); being raised in somewhere
音読み
ⓐ nurture
教育
きょういく education; instruction
‡ 教育学 きょういくがく 《academic》pedagogics; study of education
教育学部
きょういくがくぶ faculty [school] of education
体育 たいいく 《slightly formal》physical education
ⓑ grow
1 発育 はついく 《slightly formal》development (of a plant, a child)
481
工
ⓐ manufacture
; ⓑ construction; ⓒ industrial worker; ⓓ craftsman(ship); ⓔ manage
/工/工/장인[공];제조하다;건설;공업노동자;장인 (솜씨);책략
音読み
ⓐ manufacture
↑工場 こうば 《slightly archaic》small factory
工業
こうぎょう (manufacturing) industry
1 工学 こうがく 《academic》engineering
工学部
こうがくぶ faculty [school] of engineering
人工 じんこう human work; art; human skill
1 加工 かこう (materials, product) processing (加 ➦546)
ⓐ manufacture; ⓔ plot
1 工作 こうさく school craftwork; engineering work; deliberate approach; maneuvering (to achieve a purpose)
ⓑ construction
工事
こうじ construction; work (related to construction)
ⓒ industrial worker
工員 こういん 《archaic》worker
‡↓工夫 こうふ 《archaic》navvy; construction laborer
ⓓ craftsman(ship)
大工 だいく carpenter; carpentry
* 日曜大工 にちようだいく home carpentry; do-it-yourself; D.I.Y.; Sunday [weekend] carpenter
1 細工 さいく detail work; workmanship; handiwork; trick
↑工夫
くふう ingenuity; device; idea (←"various activity and labor")
ⓔ manage
‡ 工面する くめんする 《slightly archaic》to manage to get funds; to raise (money)
○<abbreviation of "工業" or "工学">
‡ 商工会議所 しょうこうかいぎしょ Chamber of Commerce and Industry
‡ 理工系 りこうけい science and engineering cources (系= lineage; category)
482
農
ⓐ farming
; ⓑ person who does farming
/农/農/농사[농];농사;농민
音読み
ⓐ farming
農業
のうぎょう agriculture; farming
農家
のうか farm household; farm family; farmer
農民 のうみん 《formal and objective》farmer;《historical》peasant
農村 のうそん rural community; rural [agriciltural] district; farm [farming] village
農産物 のうさんぶつ 《slightly formal》(mass) agricultural products [crops]
* 農作物 のうさくぶつ 《slightly formal》agricultural produce
農薬 のうやく agrochemical; agricultural chemical
‡ 農学 のうがく 《academic》agricultural science
農学部
のうがくぶ faculty [school] of agriculture
農林水産省 のうりんすいさんしょう 《proper name》Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
ⓐ farming; ⓑ person who does farming
‡ 小作農 こさくのう 《formal》tenant farming;《historical》peasant [tenant farmer](often used "小作人(こさくにん)" in this sense)
ⓑ person who does farming
‡ 自作農 じさくのう 《formal》independent farmer; landed farmer; owner farmer
‡ 富農 ふのう 《formal》rich farmer
‡ 貧農 ひんのう 《formal》poor farmer [peasant]; needy peasant
483
専
ⓐ exclusively
; ⓑ arbitrarily
/专/專/오로지[전];오로지;독단적으로
訓読み
ⓐ exclusively
1 専ら もっぱら 《formal》exclusively; entirely
音読み
ⓐ exclusively
専門
せんもん specialism; specialty [speciality]; special field of study; (one's) major field [subject] of study
* 専門家
せんもんか specialist; expert; professional
* 専門用語
せんもんようご technical term
* 専門学校 せんもんがっこう vocational school; technical school [college]
専攻 せんこう 《formal》(one's) major field [subject] of study
1 専用 せんよう 《slightly formal》exclusive use; use only for a particular purpose or object
* 専業主婦 せんぎょうしゅふ full-time housewife [homemaker]
‡ 専業農家 せんぎょうのうか 《formal》full-time farmer
ⓑ arbitrarily
専制 せんせい 《social science》despotism; tyranny; autocratic
○<abbreviation of "専門学校">
‡ 高専 こうせん technical college (< "高等専門学校"(こうとうせんもんがっこう))
484
卒
ⓐ common soldier; ⓑ terminate
; ⓒ suddenly
/卒;毕;猝/卒;畢;猝/마칠[졸];병졸;마치다;갑작스레
音読み
ⓐ common soldier
‡ 兵卒 へいそつ 《formal and archaic》common soldier
ⓑ terminate
卒業する
そつぎょうする to graduate; to finish (school)
ⓒ suddenly
* 脳卒中 のうそっちゅう 《medical》(cerebral) apoplexy; stroke (脳= brain)
‡ 卒倒する そっとうする 《formal》to faint; to swoon
○<abbreviation of "卒業">
‡ 卒論 そつろん graduation thesis; bachelor's degree thesis (< "卒業論文"(そつぎょうろんぶん))
‡ 大卒 だいそつ college [university] graduate (< "大学卒業"(だいがくそつぎょう))
‡ 新卒 しんそつ new graduate
特別な読み
○(phonetic equivalent)
‡ 何卒 なにとぞ 《formal》please (expressing a strong entreaty to another)
‖ 何卒よろしくお願いいたします。 なにとぞよろしくおねがいいたします。 《formal expressions such as business letters》Best regards.