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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第30課
470

ホウ

、ハッ、ホッ

law

; rule; method; measurement; system; (grammatical) mood; dharma
法;尺度;语气法;尺度;語氣법[법];법;규칙;척도;서법
音読み
law
ほうformallaw

法律

ほうりつlaw (of national unit)
憲法けんぽうconstitution (憲= important basic rule
1  法学ほうがくacademic(science of) law; jurisprudence

法学部

ほうがくぶfaculty [school] of law
法務省ほうむしょうproper nameMinistry of Justice
*合法ごうほうslightly formallegality; lawfulness; legitimacy
*違法いほうslightly formalillegality; unlawfulness
1  法案ほうあんslightly formal(legislative) bill
法度はっとhistoricallaw
御法度ごはっとhistoricallaw;slightly archaictaboo (← It refers to the act of violating a law. "御(ご)" is a prefix adding the sense of formality.
rule

文法

ぶんぽうgrammar
method

方法

ほうほうslightly formalmethod; way; means
1  製法せいほうformalmanufacturing method [process]
作法さほうslightly formalmanners; etiquette; propriety
魔法まほうmagic (not an entertainment); witchcraft; sorcery
measurement
1  寸法すんぽうmeasurements (寸= a traditional unit of length
system
メートル法めーとるほうmetric system
(grammatical) mood
仮定法かていほうgrammarsubjunctive (mood)
直説法ちょくせつほうgrammarindicative (mood)
dharma
仏法ぶっぽうBuddhismthe teachings of Buddhism
法隆寺ほうりゅうじproper nameHōryūji Temple (in Nara) (< literally, "Temple of the Flourishing Dharma"
法王ほうおうslightly archaicthe Pope (of Rome) (< diversion from a Buddhist term(《academic or official term》教皇 きょうこう)

471

リツ

、リチ

rule

; law of nature; regulate; tone
법[률]([율]);규칙;자연의 법칙;규정하다;음조
音読み
rule

法律

ほうりつlaw (of national unit)
*法律学ほうりつがくacademicnomology; jurisprudence
戒律かいりつslightly formalreligious precepts; commandment
law of nature
因果律いんがりつphilosophylaw of causality (因果< "原因(げんいん)" "結果(けっか)" cause and effect
regulate
律するりっするformalto judge (on the basis of); to discipline (oneself);
規律きりつslightly formaldiscipline; order; rules
1  一律いちりつslightly formaluniformity; evenness
tone
旋律せんりつformal and slightly archaicmelody

472

まつりごと

セイ

、ショウ

government

; manage
정사[정];행정;도맡다
 訓読み
government
まつりごとarchaicaffairs of state; politics under the unity of ritual and government
音読み
government

政治

せいじpolitics; government
*政治学せいじがくacademicpolitical science; politics
*

政治家

せいじかpolitician; statesman

政府

せいふgovernment; administration
政党せいとうpolitical party
1  行政ぎょうせいpoliticsadministration
摂政せっしょうhistoricalregency; regent
manage
家政かせいvery formalhousekeeping
家政婦かせいふslightly formal and slightly archaic(paid) housekeeper

473

なお(る)

なお(す)

、おさ(まる)

おさ(める)

bring under control;

govern

;

cure

다스릴[치];다스리다;(병을) 고치다
 訓読み
bring under control; govern; cure

治める

おさめるvt.to govern; to pacify; (of a symptom such as a pain,) to subside; to control (flooding)
cure

治る

なおるvi.to get well; to cure; to recover from; to heal

治す

なおすvt.to cure; to heal
音読み
bring under control
治水ちすいformalflood control
1  治安ちあんpublic order; public security
govern

政治

せいじpolitics; government

自治

じちformal(governmental) autonomy; self-government
*

地方自治体

ちほうじちたいslightly formallocal government; municipality
cure
1  治療ちりょう(medical) treatment
治験ちけんformalclinical trial (←"efficacy of treatment"

474

{classification};

subject of study

; department of a hospital; family (taxonomic rank); text of a law; crime
科;系科;系과목[과];{분류};(학과나 병원, 생물 분류상의) 과;법률의 조문;범죄
音読み
subject of study

科学

かがくscience (< science of many specialized subjects
*科学者かがくしゃscientist
百科事典ひゃっかじてんencyclopedia

学科

がっかacademic department (in a university); subdivision of "学部"; school subject
‖ 法学部政治学科ほうがくぶせいじがっかdepartment of political science, faculty [school] of law
‖ 理学部物理学科りがくぶぶつりがっかdepartment of physics, faculty [school] of science

科目

かもくschool subject; subject of study (on a school curriculum); course of study; item
1  教科きょうかschoolschool subject; larger unit of "科目"

教科書

きょうかしょtextbook
department of a hospital

内科

ないかmedicalinternal medicine

外科

げかmedicalsurgery
family (taxonomic rank)
バラ科ばらかbiologyRosaceae (バラ= rose
text of a law
科条かじょうarchaic and very formallaw
金科玉条きんかぎょくじょうformal and slightly archaicgolden rule
crime
科すかすformalto impose (a fine)
*前科ぜんかcriminal record; previous offense [conviction]
科料かりょうlegalfine (for a minor offense)

475

()

ケイ

、キョウ
warp thread; longitudinal;

pass through

;

manage

; always fixed; menstruation; sutra
지날[경];날실;세로 방향의;지나다;처리하다;항상 일정한;월경;불경
 訓読み
pass through
1  

経る

へるslightly archaicto pass; to go by; to go [pass] through; to undergo
音読み
warp thread; longitudinal
1  経緯けいいformalsequence of events; circumstances; details (until then) cf. 緯= woof thread; longitude and latitude
longitudinal
経度けいどgeographylongitude (↔ "緯度"(いど) geographylatitude
東経とうけいgeographyeast longitude
西経せいけいgeographywest longitude
pass through

経由

けいゆslightly formalvia; (by) way of

経験

けいけんexperience

経験する

けいけんするto experience; to go through; to undergo
神経しんけいnerve; nerves; sensitivity;medicalnerve
神経質なしんけいしつなnervous; very sensitive
1  経歴けいれきslightly formalone's career; personal history (歴 478)
manage (←"according to a logical thread"
経営けいえいmanagement (such as of a company, business or a state)

経済

けいざいeconomy (< "経世済民" (けいせいさいみん)《archaic and historicalgoverning a nation and providing relief to the people
*経済学けいざいがくacademic(science of) economics

経済学部

けいざいがくぶfaculty [school] of economics
*

経済的な

けいざいてきなeconomic; economical (的 503)
経済産業省けいざいさんぎょうしょうproper nameMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry
1  経理けいりslightly formalaccounting (of a company)
always fixed
1  経費けいひslightly formalconstant costs; (large scale and official) expenses [costs];taxoverhead costs
menstruation
月経げっけいmedicalmenstruation
sutra (←"unchanging teachings"
()()きょうsutra; Buddhist scriptures

476

す(む)

、す(ます)

サイ

{carry across a river safely};

relieve

; be settled; repay a debt
济;了结;还债濟;了結;還債건널[제];{무사히 강을 건네다};구제하다;결말이 나다;빚을 갚다
 訓読み
be settled

済む

すむ «also written in hiragana» to finish; to be settled; to be over; to escape; to be excused
音読み
relieve
*救済するきゅうさいするformalto relieve (救= save

経済

けいざいeconomy
*経済学けいざいがくacademic(science of) economics
経済学部けいざいがくぶfaculty [school] of economics
*経済的なけいざいてきなeconomic; economical
経済産業省けいざいさんぎょうしょうproper nameMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry
be settled

決済する

けっさいするformalto settle (an account) (決 538)
repay a debt
返済するへんさいするformalto repay (a debt); to pay back (a debt); to refund
完済するかんさいするformalto pay off (one's debts)

477

いとな()

エイ

barracks; construct;

carry on one's business

; suffix indicating the operating body; do activity; be hard at work
营;勤劳營;勤勞
경영할[영];병영;(구조물을) 만들다;영위하다;운영의 주체를 나타내는 접미사;열심히 일하다
 訓読み
construct; carry on one's business; do activity
1  

営む

いとなむformal and slighly archaicto perform (livelihood); to engage in (business); to run (a business); to hold (a ceremony); to build (a nest, a castle, etc.)
音読み
barracks
*陣営じんえいformalcamp (on a battlefield); camp (group of same ideological beliefs); side (one of the contesting groups)
construct
設営するせつえいするformalto set up [to construct, to arrange] (facilities, a structure, a place for meeting, etc.)
carry on one's business

営業

えいぎょうslightly formalbusiness (especially with customer service such as a shop, a bank or a hotel); sales (sales work or department in a company)
‖ 24時間営業にじゅうよじかんえいぎょうslightly formalopen 24 hours

営業する

えいぎょうするslightly formal(of a shop, a bank or a hotel, etc.) to be open
*

営業中

えいぎょうちゅうwritten wordOPEN (sign in a shop or restaurant entrance) (↔ "準備中" (じゅんびちゅう) written wordCLOSED
slightly formalopen for business (↔ "営業時間外" (えいぎょうじかんがい) slightly formalnon-business hours; outside business hours; currently closed
経営けいえいmanagement (such as of a company, business or a state)
*経営学けいえいがくacademicbusiness administration; management studies
経営学部けいえいがくぶfaculty [school] of business administration
経営学科けいえいがっかdepartment of business administration
*経営者けいえいしゃmanager
1  運営うんえいslightly formalmanagement (such as of an organization or a system)
自営業じえいぎょうself-employed business; independent business
suffix indicating the operating body
*国営こくえいgovernment management
官営かんえいarchaicgovernment management
*公営こうえいslightly formalpublic management
*市営しえいslightly formalmunicipal management
私営しえいslightly formalprivate management
*民営化みんえいかslightly formalprivatization
do activity; be hard at work
営為えいいvery formalworkings (of); human activity
be hard at work
営利えいりformalprofit-making
営々とえいえいとvery formalbusily; sedulously

478

レキ

pass from place to place; in succession; spend many days;

trace of time passing

; gain experience; distinct
지낼[력]([역]);여기저기 거치다;이어 내려온;많은 날을 보내다;변천의 자취;경험을 쌓다;뚜렷하다
音読み
pass from place to place
歴訪れきほうformalround of visits
in succession
歴任するれきにんするformalto hold various posts successively
歴代のれきだいのformalsuccessive (emperors, famous cars manufactured by the company, popular TV programs, etc., from the beginning of the history until now)
spend many days
歴年れきねんvery formalone year after another
trace of time passing

歴史

れきしhistory
1  

学歴

がくれきschool [academic] career; academic background
gain experience
1  経歴けいれきslightly formalcareer; persoanl history; back ground
*

履歴書

りれきしょcurriculum vitae; resume (prepared by an applicant for a job) (履= carry out
distinct
1  歴然としたれきぜんとしたformalobvious; distinct

479

chronicler;

history

사기[사];기록계;역사
音読み
chronicler
史官しかんhistoricalchronicler, an official post involving keeping historical records
1  女史じょしformalsocially active woman; Ms. [Mrs., Miss, Mme.] (a connotation of status)
history

歴史

れきしhistory
*

日本史

にほんしhistory of Japan
*

世界史

せかいしhistory of the world
*西洋史せいようしhistory of the Western world
*東洋史とうようしOriental history
*ロシア史ろしあしhistory of Russia
*文化史ぶんかしcultural history
史料しりょうacademichistorical sources [documents, records]

480

そだ(つ)

そだ(てる)

はぐく()

イク

nurture

; grow
기를[육];기르다
 訓読み
nurture; grow

育つ

そだつvi.to be brought up; to grow (up)

育てる

そだてるvt.to bring up; to nurture; to grow; to rear
nurture

育む

はぐくむformal and slightly archaicto nurture
grow
1  育ちそだちgrowth; breeding (coming from a family); being raised in somewhere
音読み
nurture

教育

きょういくeducation; instruction
教育学きょういくがくacademicpedagogics; study of education

教育学部

きょういくがくぶfaculty [school] of education
体育たいいくslightly formalphysical education
*

体育館

たいいくかんgymnasium
grow
1  発育はついくslightly formaldevelopment (of a plant, a child)

481

コウ

manufacture

; construction; industrial worker; craftsman(ship); manage
장인[공];제조하다;건설;공업노동자;장인 (솜씨);책략
音読み
manufacture

工場

こうじょうfactory; plant
工場こうばslightly archaicsmall factory

工業

こうぎょう(manufacturing) industry
1  工学こうがくacademicengineering

工学部

こうがくぶfaculty [school] of engineering
人工じんこうhuman work; art; human skill
1  加工かこう(materials, product) processing (加 546)
manufacture; plot
1  工作こうさくschool craftwork; engineering work; deliberate approach; maneuvering (to achieve a purpose)
construction

工事

こうじconstruction; work (related to construction)
industrial worker
工員こういんarchaicworker
工夫こうふarchaicnavvy; construction laborer
craftsman(ship)
大工だいくcarpenter; carpentry
*日曜大工にちようだいくhome carpentry; do-it-yourself; D.I.Y.; Sunday [weekend] carpenter
1  細工さいくdetail work; workmanship; handiwork; trick

工夫

くふうingenuity; device; idea (←"various activity and labor"
manage
工面するくめんするslightly archaicto manage to get funds; to raise (money)
<abbreviation of "工業" or "工学">
商工会議所しょうこうかいぎしょChamber of Commerce and Industry
理工系りこうけいscience and engineering cources (系= lineage; category

482

ノウ

farming

; person who does farming
농사[농];농사;농민
音読み
farming

農業

のうぎょうagriculture; farming

農家

のうかfarm household; farm family; farmer
農民のうみんformal and objectivefarmer;historicalpeasant
農村のうそんrural community; rural [agriciltural] district; farm [farming] village
農産物のうさんぶつslightly formal(mass) agricultural products [crops]
*農作物のうさくぶつslightly formalagricultural produce
農薬のうやくagrochemical; agricultural chemical
農学のうがくacademicagricultural science

農学部

のうがくぶfaculty [school] of agriculture
農林水産省のうりんすいさんしょうproper nameMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
farming; person who does farming
小作農こさくのうformaltenant farming;historicalpeasant [tenant farmer]often used "小作人(こさくにん)" in this sense
person who does farming
自作農じさくのうformalindependent farmer; landed farmer; owner farmer
富農ふのうformalrich farmer
貧農ひんのうformalpoor farmer [peasant]; needy peasant

483

もっぱ()

セン

exclusively

; arbitrarily
오로지[전];오로지;독단적으로
 訓読み
exclusively
1  専らもっぱらformalexclusively; entirely
音読み
exclusively

専門

せんもんspecialism; specialty [speciality]; special field of study; (one's) major field [subject] of study
*

専門家

せんもんかspecialist; expert; professional
*

専門用語

せんもんようごtechnical term
*専門学校せんもんがっこうvocational school; technical school [college]
専攻せんこうformal(one's) major field [subject] of study
1  専用せんようslightly formalexclusive use; use only for a particular purpose or object
*専業主婦せんぎょうしゅふfull-time housewife [homemaker]
専業農家せんぎょうのうかformalfull-time farmer
arbitrarily
専制せんせいsocial sciencedespotism; tyranny; autocratic
<abbreviation of "専門学校">
高専こうせんtechnical college (< "高等専門学校"(こうとうせんもんがっこう))

484

ソツ

common soldier;

terminate

; suddenly
卒;毕;猝卒;畢;猝마칠[졸];병졸;마치다;갑작스레
音読み
common soldier
兵卒へいそつformal and archaiccommon soldier
terminate

卒業する

そつぎょうするto graduate; to finish (school)
suddenly
*脳卒中のうそっちゅうmedical(cerebral) apoplexy; stroke (脳= brain
卒倒するそっとうするformalto faint; to swoon
<abbreviation of "卒業">
卒論そつろんgraduation thesis; bachelor's degree thesis (< "卒業論文"(そつぎょうろんぶん))
大卒だいそつcollege [university] graduate (< "大学卒業"(だいがくそつぎょう))
新卒しんそつnew graduate
特別な読み
(phonetic equivalent)
何卒なにとぞformalplease (expressing a strong entreaty to another)
‖ 何卒よろしくお願いいたします。なにとぞよろしくおねがいいたします。formal expressions such as business lettersBest regards.





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