日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第31課
485
石
/石/石/돌[석];돌;하찮은 것
訓読み
ⓐ stone
音読み
ⓐ stone
1 岩石 がんせき 《formal》rocks and stones; rock
石油
せきゆ oil; petroleum;《popularly used》kerosene; paraffin
石炭 せきたん coal
1 化石 かせき fossil
ⓑ trifle
‡ 玉石混淆 ぎょくせきこんこう 《formal》mixture of good and bad; mixture of wheat and chaff (玉= gem)
○(others: koku, traditional unit of volume, approx. 180 liters )
‡ 石高 こくだか 《historical》(crop) yield; stipend (originally, assessed on the basis of a crop)
‡ 加賀百万石 かがひゃくまんごく 《historical》the fief of Kaga, which yields one million koku of rice
486
油
/油/油/기름[유];기름;추출액
訓読み
ⓐ oil
‡ ごま油 ごまあぶら sesame oil
*↓サラダ油 さらだあぶら salad oil
天ぷら油 てんぷらあぶら tempura oil; oil for tempura
1 油絵 あぶらえ oil painting
音読み
ⓐ oil
*↑サラダ油 さらだゆ salad oil
* オリーブ油
おりーぶゆ olive oil (= オリーブオイル)
石油
せきゆ petroleum; oil;《popularly used》kerosene; paraffin
灯油 とうゆ kerosene; paraffin
1 原油 げんゆ crude oil [petroleum]
油断する ゆだんする to be careless; to be inattentive; to be off one's guard
ⓑ extract liquid
醤油
しょうゆ soy sauce (醤= sauce made of fermented beans)
487
輸
/输/輸/보낼[수];수송하다;보내다
音読み
ⓐ transport
* 輸出入 ゆしゅつにゅう 《formal》import and export
輸送
ゆそう 《slightly formal》long haul; transportation; transport
ⓑ send (in the body)
輸血 ゆけつ blood transfusion
‡ 輸尿管 ゆにょうかん 《medical》ureter(also called "尿管(にょうかん)”)
488
品
ⓐ article
; ⓑ class; ⓒ grade of excellence; ⓓ evaluate
/品/品/물건[품];물건;종류;품위;평가하다
訓読み
ⓐ article
↓品 しな 《formal》articles; goods; quality
ⓒ grade of excellence (←"classified by quality")
‡ 品定め しなさだめ estimate; evaluation; appraisal
音読み
ⓐ article
製品 せいひん 《slightly formal》manufactured goods; product (製 ➦500)
商品 しょうひん 《slightly formal》item for sale; commodity; commercial goods; merchandise (商 ➦622)
工芸品 こうげいひん craft object; handicrafts; handcrafts
化粧品 けしょうひん cosmetic (化 ➦502)
食品
しょくひん 《formal and objective》food (in the sense of an object of control, such as ingredients, hygiene and health, rather than "food" to taste)
食料品
しょくりょうひん 《slighly formal》grocery
薬品 やくひん chemical
* 医薬品 いやくひん 《formal》medicine
日用品 にちようひん daily necessaries
1 ~用品 ~ようひん goods for ~
部品 ぶひん parts (of a machine); (car) component
貴重品 きちょうひん 《slightly formal》valuables (貴= precious; 品 ➦488)
ⓐ article; ⓑ class (←"article, one of a group of things")
1 品種 ひんしゅ 《slightly formal》kind (of goods); variety; breed; cultivar
‡ 一品料理 いっぴんりょうり à la carte menu; single dish eaten by itself (without side dishes)
ⓑ class (←"article, one of a group of things")
‡ 品詞 ひんし 《grammar》part of speech; word class
ⓒ grade of excellence (←"classified by quality")
↑品 ひん grace;《archaic》grade of excellence
上品な じょうひんな graceful; elegant; refined
下品な げひんな vulgar; unrefined; coarse
‡ 品評 ひんぴょう 《formal》evaluation; estimate
ⓓ evaluate
‡ 品茶 ひんちゃ 《very formal》tea evaluation
489
貿
/贸/貿/무역할[무];거래하다
音読み
◎ trade
貿易
ぼうえき (foreign [international]) trade
490
制
ⓐ arrange in a fixed form
; ⓑ restrain; ⓒ control; ⓓ system; ⓔ make a form
/制/制/마를[제];일정한 형태에 정하다;억누르다;제도;만들다
音読み
ⓐ arrange in a fixed form
制度
せいど system; institution
ⓑ restrain
制限 せいげん restriction; limit; limitation
ⓑ restrain; ⓒ control
1 制する せいする 《formal》to restain; to suppress; to control; to command; to dominate
ⓒ control
1 強制する きょうせいする to compel; to force
ⓓ system (< "制度")
* 税制 ぜいせい 《formal》tax system; system of taxation
* 週休二日制
しゅうきゅうふつかせい five-day workweek system
体制 たいせい 《slightly formal》structure; system; organization; framework; the Establishment
ⓔ make a form
制作する せいさくする 《slightly formal》to produce (works of art; a movie, a broadcast program, etc.)
491
情
ⓐ emotion; ⓑ feelings
; ⓒ consideration for; ⓓ sexual passion; ⓔ actual conditions
; ⓕ tasteful
/情/情/뜻[정];심정;남을 위하는 마음;성적 감정;형편;멋
訓読み
ⓒ consideration for
1 情け なさけ 《slightly archaic》sympathy; compassion; mercy
1 情けない
なさけない ashamed; disgraceful; pitiable; miserable
音読み
ⓐ emotion
1 情熱 じょうねつ passion
1 ↓情緒 じょうちょ (ups and downs of) emotions
ⓐ emotion; ⓑ feelings
感情
かんじょう 《slightly formal》feelings; emotion; passion; sentiment (感 ➦634)
ⓑ feelings
表情
ひょうじょう 《slightly formal》(facial) expression
苦情 くじょう 《slightly formal》complaint; grievance
ⓒ consideration for
愛情
あいじょう 《slightly formal》love; affection (愛= affection)
友情 ゆうじょう 《slightly formal》friendship
1 同情 どうじょう sympathy; compassion; pity
ⓓ sexual passion
‡ 発情 はつじょう 《formal》sexual excitement
‡ 情事 じょうじ 《slightly archaic》(love) affair
ⓔ actual conditions
事情 じじょう state of things [affairs]; situation; circumstances; conditions
情報
じょうほう information; news
ⓕ tasteful
1 ↑情緒 じょうちょ(/じょうしょ《slightly archaic》) atmosphere
‡ 旅情 りょじょう 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》traveler's [traveller's] sentiment
* 風情
ふぜい 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》tasteful atmosphere; (refined) taste; elegant atmosphere; quaint
492
報
ⓐ requite; ⓑ report
; ⓒ print media
/报/報/갚을[보];보답하다;알리다;인쇄 매체
訓読み
ⓐ requite
* 報いる
むくいる 《formal and archaic》to requite; to reward; to repay; to recompense; to retaliate
音読み
ⓐ requite
1 報酬 ほうしゅう 《formal》reward
ⓑ report
1 報じる ほうじる 《formal and slightly archaic》to report (by a press [TV, radio])
1 報道 ほうどう 《formal》(a press [TV, radio]) report; news
* 速報 そくほう 《formal》prompt report; news flash; breaking news
情報
じょうほう information; news
予報 よほう forecast
天気予報
てんきよほう weather forecast
報告する
ほうこくする 《formal》to report; to make a report; to give an account (告 ➦599)
* 注意報 ちゅういほう (weather, flood or tsunami) advisory
* 警報 けいほう (weather, flood, tsunami or volcanic) warning; (official) warning [alarm] (of danger or disaster); alert
ⓒ print media
‡ 会報 かいほう 《formal》bulletin; newsletter
‡ 社内報 しゃないほう 《formal》house organ; in-house magazine
‡ 官報 かんぽう 《formal》official gazette
493
必
/必/必/반드시[필];반드시
訓読み
◎ without fail
必ず
かならず surely; by all means; without fail; inevitably; always
必ずしも~ない かならずしも~ない 《slightly formal》not always; not necessarily
音読み
◎ without fail
必要な
ひつような neccesary; essential; indispensable; needed; required
必死の ひっしの desperate; frantic
494
要
ⓐ important; ⓑ strategically important; ⓒ rivet (of a hand fan); ⓓ require
; ⓔ summarize; ⓕ lie in wait
/要;(扇)轴;埋伏/要;(扇)軸;埋伏
/요할[요];중요하다;전략상 중요하다;사북;요하다;간추리다;매복하다
訓読み
ⓐ important; ⓒ rivet (of a hand fan)
‡ 要 かなめ 《formal and slightly archaic》pivot; main [pivotal] point; rivet (of a hand fan)
ⓓ require
要る
いる to need; to want; to be neccesary
要らない いらない not to need; not to want; not to be neccesary
音読み
ⓐ important
重要な
じゅうような 《slightly formal and objective》important; significant
主要な しゅような 《formal》main; major; principal; primary
要点 ようてん 《slightly formal》(main [essential]) point; gist
ⓑ strategically important
‡ 要塞 ようさい fort; fortress; stronghold
ⓓ require
1 ↓要する ようする 《formal》to require; to need; to take (time)
必要な
ひつような neccesary; essential; indispensable; needed; required
* 不要な ふような 《slightly formal》unnecessary; needless
要求する ようきゅうする 《slightly formal》to demand; to claim; to require
ⓔ summarize
* 要約する ようやくする 《slightly formal》to summarize; to sum up
要旨 ようし 《formal》summary; gist
↑要するに ようするに 《formal》in short; in brief; in a word
ⓕ lie in wait
‡ 要撃 ようげき 《very formal》ambush
495
震
ⓐ shake rapidly
; ⓑ tremble; ○<earthquake>
/震;颤/震;顫/진동할[진];떨리다;흔들리다;<지진>
訓読み
ⓐ shake rapidly; ⓑ tremble
震える
ふるえる to shake (rapidly); to tremble; to shiver; to shudder; to quiver; (of a person,) to quake
音読み
ⓐ shake rapidly
‡ 震撼させる しんかんさせる 《formal》to shake (the world); to shock (the nation)
○<abbreviation of "地震">
* 震度 しんど seismic intensity
‡ 震源 しんげん hypocenter of an earthquake
‡ 余震 よしん aftershock
496
危
ⓐ dangerous
; ⓑ endanger; ⓒ fear
/危;担忧/危;擔憂/위태할[위];위태하다;위태롭게 하다;염려하다
訓読み
ⓐ dangerous
危ない
あぶない dangerous; risky; in danger
‖ 危ない! あぶない! Watch [Look] out!
危うい
あやうい 《formal》in danger; in peril
ⓒ fear
1 危ぶむ あやぶむ 《formal》to fear; to have misgivings (about); to be doubtful (about, for)
音読み
ⓐ dangerous
危険
きけん 《slightly formal》danger; risk; peril; hazard
危険な
きけんな 《slightly formal》dangerous; risky; perilous; hazardous
1 危機 きき 《formal》crisis
ⓑ endanger
1 危害 きがい 《formal》(serious like life-threatening) injury [harm]
ⓒ fear
‡ 危惧する きぐする 《formal》to fear; to feel misgivings (about); to be apprehensive
497
険
ⓐ steep; ⓑ tough (road); ⓒ stern; ⓓ danger
/险/險/험할[험];험하다
訓読み
ⓐ steep; ⓑ tough (road); ⓒ stern
険しい
けわしい 《slightly formal》precipitous; steep; severe (expression); tough (road ahead)
音読み
ⓐ steep
‡ 険路 けんろ 《very formal》steep path
ⓒ stern
‡ 険悪な けんあくな 《formal》stern (look); tense (relation)
ⓓ danger
危険
きけん 《slightly formal》danger; risk; peril; hazard
危険な
きけんな 《slightly formal》dangerous; risky; perilous; hazardous
冒険 ぼうけん adventure; risky attempt
1 保険
ほけん insurance (保 ➦617)
* 保険証
ほけんしょう (health) insurance card (証= proof)
* 保険料
ほけんりょう insurance premium
498
関
ⓐ barrier
; ⓑ important part of an organization; ⓒ higher ranked sumō wrestlers; ⓓ concern
/关;十两以上的力士/關;十兩以上的力士
/관계할[관];방벽;조직의 중요한 부분;주료 이상의 스모 선수;관계하다
訓読み
ⓐ barrier
‡ 関所 せきしょ 《historical》barrier [checking] station
ⓒ higher ranked sumō wrestlers
‡ 関取 せきとり 《slightly formal》Rikishi (力士: sumō wrestlers) ranked in one of the top two professional divisions, makuuchi and jūryō
‡ 大関 おおぜき ōzeki (the second highest rank of sumō wrestler or sumō wrestler of the second highest rank)
‡ ~関 ~ぜき 《slightly formal》honorific added to names of makuuchi and jūryō division wrestlers
ⓓ concern
* 関わる
かかわる to concern; to relate to; to be concerned in; to have (something) to do with
音読み
ⓐ barrier
関東 かんとう 《proper name》Kantō region (southeast region of Japan including Tokyo) (< an abbreviation of "関東地方")
関東地方 かんとうちほう 《proper name》Kantō region (the southeast part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. The name comes from the provinces east of Hakone ("箱根" (はこね)), where a barrier was located. It consists of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gunma.)
関西 かんさい 《proper name》Kansai region (provinces west of Otsu (大津(おおつ)) City in Shiga Prefecture, including Osaka)
NOTE: There is no clear definition of the word "Kansai", but it is generally regarded as follows. 1) a synonym for "Keihanshin area" ("京阪神" (けいはんしん)) : Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area (京都(きょうと) ―大阪(おおさか)―神戸(こうべ)) 2) a synonym for "Kinki region" ("近畿地方" (きんきちほう)) : the south-central part of Honshū Island and its surrounding smaller islands and islets. It consists of the prefectures of Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Shiga and Mie. 3) an area excluding the eastern part of Mie Prefecture from the above Kinki region, and adding the western part of Fukui Prefecture of the Chūbu region 4) a synonym for "Western Japan" ("西日本"(にしにほん))
玄関
げんかん doorway; (front) door; (front) entrance (← originally a Buddhist term, meaning "the entrance to abstruse Buddhism") (玄= profound)
1 関税 かんぜい customs; customs duty; tariff
税関 ぜいかん customs; custom house
ⓑ important part of an organization
機関 きかん 《slightly formal》engine; institution; facilities
交通機関 こうつうきかん 《slightly formal》means of transportation [transport]; transport facilities
* 関節 かんせつ joint (of bones); articulatio
‡ 関白 かんぱく 《historical》Kanpaku (chief adviser to an adult Emperor in the old regime (from the Heian period to the Edo period))
ⓓ concern
関する かんする 《formal》be connected with; be concerned with; be related to
関係
かんけい relationship; relation
関心
かんしん interest (paying attention rationally to the whole object); concern; attention
499
係
ⓐ connect
; ⓑ moor; ⓒ person in charge
/系;主管人/係;繫;員責人/맬[계];연결하다;계류하다;담당
訓読み
ⓐ connect
係る かかる «generally written in hiragana» 《formal》to relate
ⓒ person in charge
係
かかり charge; person in charge; clerk
* 係員
かかりいん clerk in charge; attendant
* 係長 かかりちょう subsection chief
音読み
ⓐ connect
関係
かんけい relationship; relation
‡ 連係 れんけい (closer) connection
‖ 連係プレー れんけいぷれー good combination play; teamwork play
ⓑ moor (substitution kanji of "繫")
‡ 係留 けいりゅう 《formal》mooring