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日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例

第32課
500

セイ

manufacture

; made of
지을[제];만들다
音読み
manufacture

(name of a country or a company )

~せいmade in ~; manufactured by ~

イタリア製

いたりあせいmade in Italia
‖ アップル社製あっぷるしゃせいformalmanufactured by Apple Inc.

製品

せいひんslightly formalmanufactured goods; product
新製品しんせいひんnew product

電気製品

でんきせいひんelectrical product [appliance]
電化製品でんかせいひんelectrical product [appliance] (strictly speaking, whose power source was not electricity formerly, such as washing machine) (化 502)
*手製てせいslightly archaichandmade; homemade
*自家製じかせいhomemade; home-grown

製作する

せいさくするslightly formalto manufacture; to make
1  製鉄せいてつformaliron manufacturing
made of
*鉄製てつせいformalmade of iron
*木製もくせいformalmade of wood; wooden

501

う(む)

、う(まれる)、うぶ

サン

give birth;

produce

; property
낳을[산];낳다;생산하다;재물
 訓読み
give birth
1  

産む

うむto give birth to (a child); to be delivered of (a baby); to lay eggs; to spawn
*産声うぶごえthe first cry (of a newborn baby)
音読み
give birth
お産おさんslightly archaicchildbirth; delivery (of a child [a baby])
1  出産するしゅっさんするformalto give birth to (a child); to be delivered of (a baby)
1  産婦人科さんふじんかobstetrics and gynecology (clinic)
*産卵するさんらんするformalto lay eggs; to spawn
produce
*

~産

~さん(of primary commodities,) produced in ~

フランス産

ふらんすさんproduce of France
1  

国産

こくさんdomestic production

生産する

せいさんするslightly formalto produce; to manufacture

産業

さんぎょうslightly formalindustry (as general economic activities)
経済産業省けいざいさんぎょうしょうproper nameMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry
産地さんちslightly formalplace of production; producing center [district]
*特産物とくさんぶつspecialty products
property
財産ざいさんproperty; fortune; (material) possessions; wealth; assets
1  資産しさんeconomics and formalestate; property; fortune; assets
1  不動産ふどうさんeconomicsreal [immovable] estate [property]; realty
*

不動産屋

ふどうさんやreal estate agent; realtor
*遺産いさんproperty left; legacy; heritage (遺= leave behind
*

世界遺産

せかいいさんWorld Heritage
<abbreviation of "産業">
産学協同さんがくきょうどうformalindustry-university cooperation
産廃さんぱいformalindustrial waste (< "産業廃棄物"(さんぎょうはいきぶつ))
特別な読み
produce

土産

みやげhomecoming gifts; souvenir

お土産

おみやげpolite or colloquialhomecoming gifts; souvenir
*()土産物()みやげもの(= ()土産)
*お土産屋おみやげやsouvenir shop
*土産物屋みやげものや(= お土産屋)

502

ば(ける)

、ば(かす)

change into

; change one's form; influence to change
화할[화];화하다;둔갑하다;모습을 바꾸다;영향을 미친다
 訓読み
change one's form
1  

化ける

ばけるslightly archaicto take the shape (of); to turn itself (into); to end up becoming
*

お化け

おばけinformalbugaboo; ghost; apparition; bugbear
*文字化けもじばけcharacter corruption; garbled characters
音読み
change into

変化

へんかslightly formalchange; variation
1  化石かせきfossil

化学

かがくchemistry
強化するきょうかするslightly formalto strengthen; to reinforce
消化するしょうかするto digest; to handle (a task so as not to leave things undone); to follow (a schedule until it's over)
帰化きかformalnaturalization

~化

~か(suffix indicating action of making something)

国際化

こくさいかinternationalization; globalization
‖ 西洋化せいようかslightly formalwesternization
‖ 欧米化おうべいかwesternization

近代化

きんだいかmodernization
‖ 暗号化あんごうかencryption
change one's form

化粧

けしょうmakeup (粧= adorn oneself
化粧品けしょうひんcosmetic
*化粧室けしょうしつpowder room;euphemismlavatory; washroom
変化へんげslightly archaicshapeshifting (of an animal or spirit); apparition; bugbear; ghost
influence to change

文化

ぶんかculture
教化するきょうかするformalto enlighten; to cultivate
感化するかんかするformalto influence (through a mental effect)
<abbreviation of "化学">
化繊かせんformalchemical [artificial] fiber (< "化学繊維"(かがくせんい))

503

まと

テキ

target

; to the point;

suffix for forming adjectives expressing relation or the like

的;抓关键;-的(关于、似乎)的;抓重点;-的(關於、似乎)과녁[적];과녁;정곡을 찌르다;-적
 訓読み
target

まとtarget
音読み
target

目的

もくてきpurpose; aim; objective; intention
*目的地もくてきちdestination

目的語

もくてきごgrammarobject (word)
to the point
的確なてきかくなslightly formal(of such as evaluation, expression, just fit to a situation,) exact; accurate; appropriate
suffix for forming adjectives expressing relation or the like

~的な

~てきな(suffix for forming adjectives expressing relation or the like)

伝統的な

でんとうてきなtraditional (統= something passed down
‖ 具体的なぐたいてきなslightly formalconcrete (具 606)
‖ 抽象的なちゅうしょうてきなslightly formalabstract
‖ 主観的なしゅかんてきなslightly formalsubjective (based on the user's personal intention or feeling)
‖ 客観的なきゃっかんてきなslightly formalobjective (not based on the user's personal intention or feeling)
‖ 本格的なほんかくてきなfull-fledged; in earnest
‖ 国際的なこくさいてきなinternational
‖ 自動的にじどうてきにautomatically
1  知的なちてきなintellectual; intelligent

504

セイ

ショウ

nature

; gender;

sex

성품[성];성질;성
音読み
nature
~性~せい(suffix indicating characteristics or tendency)
‖ 酸性さんせいchemistryacidity
‖ アルカリ性あるかりせいchemistryalkalinity; alkaline
‖ 国民性こくみんせいcharacteristics of a nation
可能性かのうせいlikelihood; probability; possibility; potential
1  個性こせいpersonality; individuality
1  理性りせいrational nature; reason

性質

せいしつnature; disposition

性格

せいかくcharacter (of human, domestic animals, a matter); personality
性能せいのうperformance (of a machine or tool) (能= ability
心配性しんぱいしょうanxious mind; (natural) worrier
*本性ほんしょうslightly archaicreal nature; true character
*

相性

あいしょうchemistry (between people); affinity; compatibility (相 560)
nature; gender
中性ちゅうせいchemistryneutrality;grammarneuter; neuter gender
nature; gender; sex
せいslightly formalsex; gender;very formalnature; real nature; disposition
gender; sex

男性

だんせいformal or politeman; male person
   grammarmasculine gender

女性

じょせいformal or politewoman; female person
   grammarfeminine gender
sex
性別せいべつ(the distinction of) sex
*性欲せいよくsexual desire; sex drive

505

()

nothing;

-less

无;没有無;沒有없을[무];없다;무-
 訓読み
nothing; -less

無い

ない «generally written in hiragana» there is [are] no ...; be gone; do not have
音読み
nothing
formalnothing; nothingness
有無うむformalpresence or absence (of existence)
*皆無かいむformalnothing at all; none
-less
1  無線むせんwireless; radio

無理な

むりなunreasonable; impossible; forced; excessive

無理

むりunreasonableness; impossibility; compulsion; overwork
‖ 無理をするむりをするto overwork oneself
無理にむりにunreasonably; by force; against one's will

無料

むりょうslightly formalfree (of charge)
無視するむしするto ignore; to disregard; to neglect
無限のむげんのnfinite; unlimited; endless
無数のむすうのformalcountless; innumerable

無事な

ぶじなsafe; be well
無事()ぶじ()safely; without incident; in peace; safe and sound
(emphasis of meaning)
*無残なむざんな «also written as "無惨なslightly formalhorrible; tragic; pathetic; cruel
(phonetic equivalent)

無駄な

むだな «often written in hiragana» useless; wasteful; futile; vain; fruitless
1  無駄遣いむだづかいwaste (of money, time, energy, etc.); frittering away
1  無闇にむやみに «generally written in hiragana» recklessly; rashly; excessively; indiscriminately

506

not yet

아직[미];아직
音読み
not yet
1  未婚みこんformalunmarried; single

未来

みらいobjectivefuture
1  

未定

みていslightly formalnot yet fixed; undecided
*未成年みせいねんslightly formalminority (any age prior to the legal age);legalinfancy; nonage
未成年者みせいねんしゃformalperson underage; minority (prior to the legal age);legalinfant
*未完成のみかんせいのunfinished; incomplete

未公開

みこうかいslightly formalnot yet open to the public; unlisted (stock)
未満みまんless than; under; below
1  未知みちslightly formalunknown; strange; unfamiliar

507

not to be

; wrong; disapprove; criticize
아닐[비];아니다;그르다;부정하다;비난하다
音読み
not to be

非常に

ひじょうにslightly formalvery; much; greatly; highly (常 572)
*

非常口

ひじょうぐちemergency exit
非常時ひじょうじslightly formal(time of) emergency
非常袋ひじょうぶくろemergency bag
*

非公開

ひこうかいslightly formalnot open to the public; private; closed(-door)
*非合法ひごうほうslightly formalillegality
*非売品ひばいひんslightly formalarticle not for sale
wrong
formalwrong; fault
‖ 是が非でもぜがひでもat all costs; at any cost; by all means
是非ぜひformaln.right and [or] wrong
    ぜひ «generally written in hiragana» adv.please; by all means; without fail
1  非行ひこうslightly formal(juvenile) delinquency
非道なひどうなslightly formalinhuman; outrageous; cruel
disapprove
非戦論ひせんろんpacifism; arguments against war
是々非々ぜぜひひslightly formalruling or judging what's right is right and what's wrong is wrong; calling spade a spade
criticize
1  非難するひなんするslightly formalto criticize; to blame; to censure; to condemn

508

おのおの

カク

each

각각[각];각각의
 訓読み
each

各(各々)

おのおの «generally written in hiragana» slightly formal and slightly archaiceach
音読み
each
各~かく~each; every

各地

かくちevery [each] place

各国

かっこくevery [each] country; countries
各自かくじslightly formaleach one; everyone

509

すべ(て)

まった(く)

ゼン

whole

; without any lack
온전할[전];모두;모자라는 데가 없다
 訓読み
whole

全て

すべて «often written in hiragana» slightly formalevery; everything; all; whole

全く

まったく «often written in hiragana» slightly formalcompletely; wholly; totally; entirely; absolutely;
quite
音読み
whole
全~ぜん~all; whole

全部

ぜんぶall; whole
‖ 全部でぜんぶでin all; in total; altogether

全員

ぜんいんslightly formalall the members; everyone
全体ぜんたいthe whole; the entirety
全力ぜんりょくall one's power; all one's might

全国

ぜんこくthe whole country; all parts of the country

全然

ぜんぜん(not) at all; entirely; totally; never (然 626)
without any lack

安全な

あんぜんなsafe; secure
完全なかんぜんなcomplete; perfext; utter
心不全しんふぜんmedicalheart failure

510

ダイ

order;

prefix for forming ordinal numbers

; passing grade
차례[제];차례;제-;합격선
音読み
order
次第にしだいにslightly formalgraduately; by degrees
prefix for forming ordinal numbers

第~

だい~No. ~ (ordinal number)

第1課

だいいっかLesson 1
‖ 第3巻だいさんかんVolume 3; The third volume

憲法第9条

けんぽうだいきゅうじょうArticle 9 [the ninth article] of the constitution (憲= important basic rule; 条= streak; article
*第一人者だいいちにんしゃleading person

第二次世界大戦

だいにじせかいたいせんproper nameWorld War II; the Second World War (戦= war
*第三次産業だいさんじさんぎょうsocial sciencetertiary industry
*第三者だいさんしゃslightly formalthird party [person]
passing grade
落第するらくだいするslightly archaicto fail (an examination)

511

くらい

position;

rank

; the throne; standards; approximately; almost; term of respect for a person; spirit of the dead
位;大致;几乎位;大致;幾乎자리[위];자리;위;왕위;-쯤;거의;사람의 경칭;죽은 사람의 혼
 訓読み
position; rank; the throne

くらい(nobleman's) seat; digit (e.g., tens digits, hundreds digits, etc.)
approximately; almost
~位~くらい «generally written in hiragana» about ~(numerical value, e.g., about 10); almost; something like; or so
音読み
position

位置

いちslightly formalposition; location; place
方位ほういformalpoint of the compass; direction
position; rank
地位ちい(social) status [rank, position, standing, place]
rank
*順位じゅんいslightly formalranking
一位いちいconcretethe first rank [place]
*首位しゅいabstractthe first place; primacy

2位

にいthe second place
3位さんいthe third place
1  上位じょういslightly formalhigher rank; superordinate position
*下位かいslightly formallower rank; subordinate position
the throne
王位おういformalthe throne; the crown
即位そくいaccession to the throne; enthronement (即= instant; accede
standards

単位

たんいunit; (academic) credit
*学位がくいformal(academic) degree
term of respect for a person
各位かくいvery formal writingDear all; Sirs
spirit of the dead
位牌いはいBuddhist memorial tablet

512

バイ

double;

times

곱[배];배;곱
音読み
double

ばいinformaldouble; twice
times

~倍

~ばい~ times

2倍

にばいdouble; twice
‖ 3倍さんばいthree times

513

か(わる)

、か(える)、よ、しろ

ダイ

タイ

substitute; generation;

era

; decades (or sometimes hundred years) of eras; decades of ages;

charge

; part used to do something; rice paddy
代;-费;用来做某事的部分;田代;-費;用來做某事的部分;田
대신할[대];대신하다;세대;시대;년대;십년 단위의 나이층;대금;무엇인가를 하기 위해서 사용될 부분;논
 訓読み
substitute

代わる

かわるto take place of; to replace
代わりかわりsubstitute; proxy; stead; replacement
*お代わりおかわり «often written in hiragana» another helping; refill
era
archaicera; time; reign
part used to do something
糊代のりしろslightly archaicmargin for glue; overlap width
伸び代のびしろslightly archaicroom for growth; potential
rice paddy
苗代なわしろagriculturerice nursery
音読み
substitute
代理だいりslightly formalproxy; agent (of work, in contract, etc.); deputy (of one's superior)
代表だいひょうrepresentative; representation; delegate; deputation

交代

こうたいchange (with another member); alternation (of generation)
generation (as one of successive generations); era
だいgeneration; time; era; reign
generation (as one of the successive generations)
1  世代せだいgeneration
era

時代

じだいperiod; ara; epoch; age
‖ 江戸時代えどじだいproper namethe Edo Period (1603-1868)
‖ 平安時代へいあんじだいproper namethe Heian period (794-1185)
現代げんだいslightly formalpresent day;historicalcontemporary period
近代きんだい(late) modern period
*近代化きんだいかmodernization
1  古代こだいancient times; antiquity
decades (or sometimes hundred years) of eras
(number)~だい(range of generations or the age)
*1990年代せんきゅうひゃくきゅうじゅうねんだい1990s
decades of ages
*10代じゅうだいteens (including 10-12)
*20代にじゅうだいone's twenties
charge
代金だいきんslightly formal but concretecharge; cost; price; fare

~代

~だい(< "~の代金"

電気代

でんきだいelectricity costs [expenses, charges]
‖ 電話代でんわだいtelephone costs [expenses, charges]

タクシー代

たくしーだいtaxi fare

アルバイト代

あるばいとだいpay for part-time job
‖ バイト代ばいとだいcolloquialpay for part-time job (< an abbreviation of "アルバイト代"

514

つい(やす)

、つい(える)

expend;

expense

쓸[비];들이다;낭비하다;비용
 訓読み
expend
1  

費やす

ついやすformalto spend (time, money); to cost (labor); to expend (time, effort); to waste (time,
money)
費えるついえるvery formalto be wasted (time, money)
音読み
expend
消費するしょうひするformalto consume
*

消費者

しょうひしゃslightly formalconsumer
*

消費税

しょうひぜいconsumption tax
1  出費しゅっぴslightly formalexpenses (in each payment); expenditure
expense

費用

ひようslightly formal and abstractexpense; cost

~費

~ひ(< "~の費用"

食費

しょくひfood expenses (per month, day, week, year, etc.)

光熱費

こうねつひheating and lighting expenses; energy expenses

交通費

こうつうひtransport(ation) [travel] expenses
‖ 生活費せいかつひliving expenses
‖ 材料費ざいりょうひmaterial costs (材= timber; material
‖ 学費がくひschool [educational] expenses
‖ 旅費りょひtravel expenses
1  経費けいひslightly formalconstant costs; (large scale and official) expenses [costs];taxoverhead costs
*人件費じんけんひslightly formalpersonnel expenses; labor costs
1  実費じっぴslightly formalactual expense
*自費じひslightly formalone's own expense





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