日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第33課
515
結
ⓐ tie; ⓑ get together into one
; ⓒ clench; ⓓ connect; ⓔ set up; ⓕ conclude
/结/結/맺을[결];맺다;다물다;잇다;차리다
訓読み
ⓐ tie; ⓑ get together into one; ⓒ clench; ⓓ connect; ⓕ conclude
結ぶ
むすぶ to tie; to connect; to make (a contract); to conclude (a treaty); to bear (fruit); to clench (lips)
ⓐ tie
‡ 結う ゆう 《slightly archaic》to tie up [do, do up, dress] (hair)
‡ 蝶結び ちょうむすび (also "蝶々結び"(ちょうちょむすび)) bowknot
ⓑ get together into one
‡ 縁結び えんむすび matchmaking
音読み
ⓐ tie
‡ 結縄 けつじょう 《very formal》knotting rope;《historical》quipu (縄= rope)
ⓑ get together into one
結婚 けっこん marriage
結婚する けっこんする to marry; to get married
結婚式 けっこんしき wedding [marriage] ceremony
1 結束する けっそくする 《slightly formal》to unite in doing; to band together (束 ➦567)
1 結晶 けっしょう 《slightly formal》crystal; fruit (of one's labor, of blood and sweat, of their love, etc.) (晶 = glitter)
1 結核 けっかく 《medical》tuberculosis (核= nucleus)
ⓔ set up
結構な
けっこうな 《slightly formal》fine; all right; sufficient (構= structure)
‖ いいえ、結構です。 いいえ、けっこうです。«often written in hiragana» 《slightly formal》No, thank you. (as a response to the other person's suggestion) (←"That's enough.")
結構 けっこう «often written in hiragana» ⦅adv.⦆ fairly; pretty; rather
‡ 結界 けっかい 《Buddhism》(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice);《Buddhism, Shintō》barrier between inner and outer realms; mystical barrier
ⓕ conclude
結論
けつろん conclusion (論 ➦591)
結果
けっか result; effect; consequence (果 ➦584)
結局 けっきょく finally; after all; ultimately; eventually (局 ➦623)
516
婚
/婚/婚/혼인할[혼];혼인하다
音読み
◎ marry
結婚する
けっこんする to marry; to get married
結婚式 けっこんしき wedding [marriage] ceremony
離婚
りこん divorce (離= separate)
婚約する
こんやくする to get [become] engaged
1 未婚 みこん 《slightly formal》unmarried; single
1 既婚 きこん 《formal》married
‡ 既婚者 きこんしゃ 《formal》married person
1 新婚 しんこん newly-married couple
517
式
ⓐ style; ⓑ formula; ⓒ ceremony
/式/式/법[식];식
音読み
ⓐ style
* 様式 ようしき 《formal》pattern; form; style
形式 けいしき form
1 方式 ほうしき 《slightly formal》method; system
1 株式 かぶしき 《economics》stock; share (《informal》株 かぶ)
* 株式会社 かぶしきがいしゃ 《economics or formal》(joint-)stock company
↓公式の こうしきの 《formal》official
ⓐ style; ⓑ formula
‡↑公式 こうしき 《formal》(math) formula; rule
ⓑ formula
* 図式 ずしき 《slightly formal》diagram
‡ 数式 すうしき 《slightly formal》numerical formula [expression]
‡ 化学式 かがくしき 《chemistry》chemical formula
ⓑ formula; ⓒ ceremony
式
しき ceremony; (algebraic) expression
ⓒ ceremony
結婚式
けっこんしき wedding [marriage] ceremony
* 成人式 せいじんしき coming-of-age ceremony
入学式 にゅうがくしき (school) entrance ceremony
卒業式
そつぎょうしき graduation ceremony
* 修了式 しゅうりょうしき completion ceremony
↓葬式
そうしき funeral (葬= inter)
↑お葬式
そうしき 《polite or colloquial》funeral
○(others: enforcement regulations of the ritsuryō)
‡ 式目 しきもく 《historical》law code (of feudal era)
518
指
ⓐ finger
; ⓑ to point; ⓒ to direct; ⓓ toward; ⓔ play (shōgi)
/指;下(象棋)/指;下(象棋)/손가락[지];손가락;가리키다;지시하다;향하다;(장기를) 두다
訓読み
ⓐ finger
親指 おやゆび thumb; big toe
人差し指 ひとさしゆび index finger
中指 なかゆび middle finger
小指 こゆび little finger; pinky [pinkie] finger; little toe
ⓑ to point; ⓔ play (shōgi)
指す
さす to point (to); to refer (to); to designate; to play (shōgi)
ⓓ toward
目指す めざす to aim (at [to do])
音読み
ⓐ finger
* 指紋 しもん fingerprint
‡ 手指 しゅし 《formal》finger (of a hand); hands and fingers
ⓑ to point
指定 してい 《slightly formal》designation
* 指定席
していせき reserved seat (a pre-designated seat assignment)
ⓒ to direct
指示 しじ 《slightly formal》instruction
指導
しどう 《slightly formal》teaching; instruction (導= lead)
ⓓ toward
* 指針 ししん 《formal》guideline
519
輪
ⓐ wheel; ⓑ bicycle; ⓒ ring
; ⓓ circle; ⓔ cycle; ⓕ counter for flowers; ⓖ size of blooms
/轮;自行车;圈;-朵/輪;自行車;圈;-朵
/바퀴[륜]([윤]);바퀴;자전거;고리;한패;차례로;-송이;꽃은 크기
訓読み
ⓒ ring; ⓓ circle
輪
わ ring; loop; hoop; link; circle
ⓒ ring
* 輪ゴム わごむ rubber band
ⓓ circle
‡ 内輪の うちわの of one's family circle; private (matter, information, trouble, etc.)
音読み
ⓐ wheel
車輪
しゃりん 《slightly formal》vehicle wheel
* 二輪車 にりんしゃ 《formal》two-wheeled vehicle; two-wheeler; bicycle
ⓑ bicycle
* 駐輪場
ちゅうりんじょう 《slightly formal》bicycle (/motorcycle) parking area [lot]
* 競輪 けいりん keirin (bicycle racing)
ⓒ ring
1 年輪 ねんりん tree [annual, growth] ring
* 五輪 ごりん Olympic rings;《often used in a newspaper article》Olympics
ⓔ cycle
‡ 輪作 りんさく 《agriculture》crop rotation
‡ 輪読する りんどくする 《formal》to read (a book) in turn [by turns]
‡ 輪廻 りんね 《Buddhism》the endless cycle of birth and suffering and death and rebirth
ⓕ counter for flowers
‡ 一輪の花 いちりんのはな 《slightly archaic》a flower
‡ 一輪挿し いちりんざし vase for a single flower
ⓖ size of blooms
‡ 大輪の たいりんの 《slightly formal》big-bloomed
○(others:《Buddhism》base at the bottom of the earth)
‡ 金輪際 こんりんざい ⦅with negative sentence⦆ (not) ever; (not) on any account; (never) till doomsday (← "to the limit" ←"deepest bottom of the earth")
520
息
ⓐ breath
; ⓑ be alive; ⓒ one's child
; ⓓ son; ⓔ interest (of money); ⓕ rest; ⓖ cease
/息;儿/息;児/숨[식];숨;살다;자식;아들;이자;쉬다;그치다
訓読み
ⓐ breath
溜め息 ためいき sigh
音読み
ⓐ breath
1 窒息 ちっそく 《slightly formal》suffocation (窒= choke)
ⓑ be alive
* 生息する せいそくする 《formal and objective》to live in (a certain environment)
1 消息 しょうそく 《slightly formal》what is going on; how one is getting along; news (from someone); (someone's) whereabouts (←"transition" ←"disappearance and birth")
ⓒ one's child
1 子息 しそく 《very formal》(other's) son (子= here meaning "son")
‡ 息女 そくじょ 《very formal》(other's) daughter
ⓓ son
‡ 愛息 あいそく 《very formal》(other's) beloved [cherished] son
ⓔ interest (of money) (←"a small thing brought into existence")
1 利息 りそく interest (especially from a lender's point of view)
ⓕ rest (←"to be rested" ←"to breathe")
休息する
きゅうそくする 《formal》to rest; to repose
ⓖ cease
‡ 終息する しゅうそくする 《formal》to come to an end
特別な読み
ⓒ one's child
息子
むすこ son (from the viewpoint of the parent) (子= here meaning "son")
521
娘
ⓐ young unmarried woman; ⓑ daughter
/姑娘;女儿/姑娘;女兒/아가씨[낭]([랑]);처녀;딸
訓読み
ⓐ young unmarried woman; ⓑ daughter
娘
むすめ daughter (from the viewpoint of the parent);《archaic》young unmarried woman
ⓑ daughter
* 一人娘 ひとりむすめ (one's) only daughter
522
皆
/皆;全都;大家/皆;全都;大家/다[개];모두
訓読み
ⓐ everyone; ⓑ everything
皆
みな 《formal》all; everyone; everything
NOTE: "みんな" is written in hiragana.
ⓐ everyone
皆さん
みなさん 《polite》everyone;《polite vocative》ladies and gentlemen
皆様
みなさま 《honorific》everyone;《honorific but not so formal》dear all
音読み
ⓐ everyone
‡ 皆兵 かいへい 《formal》universal conscription
ⓑ everything
‡ 皆無 かいむ 《formal》nothing at all; none
523
様
ⓐ pattern; ⓑ mode; ⓒ state
; ⓓ like; ⓔ honorific suffix to a person's name or title
; ⓕ suffix used to show gratitude
/样;方法:表示敬意或慰劳的接尾词/樣;方法;表示敬意或慰勞的接尾詞
/모양[양];무늬;양식;방법;모양;-님;위로의 의미를 나타내는 접미사
訓読み
ⓒ state
↓様 さま 《slightly archaic》state; situation; appearance; looks
様々な さまざまな «often written in hiragana» 《formal》various (focused on mutual differences of objects)
(cf. "いろいろな" various (indicated that there are many kinds of things))
ⓔ honorific suffix to a person's name or title; ⓕ suffix used to show gratitude
~様
~さま (honorific suffix to a person's name or title)
ⓔ honorific suffix to a person's name or title
奥様 おくさま 《vocative and very polite》(other family's) wife;《vocative and polite》lady [madam]
* おじい様 おじいさま 《polite》grandfather
* おばあ様 おばあさま 《polite》grandmother
お父様 おとうさま 《polite》father
お母様 おかあさま 《polite》mother
皆様
みなさま 《honorific》everyone;《honorific but not so formal》dear all
* お客様
おきゃくさま 《polite, also vocative》visitor; guest; customer; client; passenger
‡ お姫様 おひめさま 《colloquial and archaic》princess
王様 おおさま 《polite or informal》king
神様 かみさま God; god
* どちら様
どちらさま 《honorific》who
ⓕ suffix used to show gratitude
お疲れ様 おつかれさま «"様", often written in hiragana» (used in the following phrases)
‖ お疲れ様でした。 おつかれさまでした。 《formal greeting in an office》You did a good work.; Good job today.; Have a nice evening. (business greetings used typically toward a person who is leaving the office when he/she finished his/her work.)
NOTE: This phrase is not used when the work is done for the speaker, e.g., a student says to his/her teacher after class, a person says to his/her co-workers for their help, etc.
‖ お疲れ様。 おつかれさま。 《informal》(informal expression of "お疲れ様でした。")
‖ お疲れ様です。 おつかれさまです。 《slightly informal》(slightly informal expression of "お疲れ様でした。");《recent use, popularly used but unrefined》(general greetings in a workplace) Hi.; Hello.
ご苦労様 ごくろうさま «"様", often written in hiragana» (used in the following phrases)
‖ ご苦労様でした。 ごくろうさまでした。 Thank you for your hard work [for your trouble]. (greetings of gratitude generally used by a superior to an inferior)
‖ ご苦労様。 ごくろうさま。 《informal》(informal expression of "ご苦労様でした。")
‡ お待ち遠様。 おまちどおさま。 《polite but informal》Sorry to have kept you waiting.
音読み
ⓐ pattern
模様 もよう pattern; design; look
ⓑ mode
1 様式 ようしき 《formal》pattern; form; style
‡ 仕様 しよう 《formal》specification; spec
1 《slightly formal》way; method ("しょうがない" is colloquial expession of "仕様がない": (with a sense of resignation) to have no way to do; hopeless; it is no use ~ing; it is inevitable; I have no choice.; It can't be helped.)
‡ 多様性 たようせい 《slightly formal》diversity; variety
ⓒ state
様子
ようす state of looking; situation; appearance; look; sign
同様に
どうように 《slightly formal》similarly; alike; equally; in the same way; likewise
ⓓ like
↑~の様だ ~のようだ «generally written in hiragana» (It looks) like; as if [though]
524
君
ⓐ sovereign; ⓑ person to be respected; ⓒ familiar title
(used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors); ⓓ you (used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors)
/君;小~(男性对晚辈或同辈用);你(男性对下辈或同辈用)
/君;小~(男性對晚輩或同輩用);你(男性對下輩或同輩用)
/임금[군];임금;존경할 만하는 사람;군;-군;-씨;너;자네
訓読み
ⓐ sovereign; ⓑ person to be respected; ⓓ you (used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors)
君
きみ 《slightly archaic》you (used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors);《archaic》the Emperor; one's lord; person (to be respected)
音読み
ⓐ sovereign
1 君主 くんしゅ 《formal》monarch; sovereign
‡ 君臨する くんりんする 《formal》to reign
ⓑ person to be respected
‡ 君子 くんし 《archaic》wise person
ⓒ familiar title (used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors)
~君
~くん familiar title (used in adderssing friends, peers or inferiors)
1 諸君 しょくん 《formal and slightly archaic》you all
525
祝
/祝/祝/축하할[축];축하하다
訓読み
◎ celebrate
祝う
いわう to congratulate; to celebrate
お祝い
おいわい congratulation; celebration; festival; congratulatory gift
音読み
◎ celebrate
祝日
しゅくじつ national holiday
* (ご)祝儀 (ご)しゅうぎ 《slightly formal》congratulatory money;《formal and slightly archaic》gratuity
526
優
{able to afford}; ⓐ actor; ⓑ excel
; ⓒ hospitable; ⓓ gracious
; ⓔ gentle; ⓕ sluggish
/优;温柔;温和的(人、话语)/優;溫柔;溫和的(人、話語)
/넉넉할[우];{넉넉하다};배우;낫다;따뜻하다;다정하다;부드럽다;느리다
訓読み
ⓑ excel
優れる すぐれる 《formal and archaic》= 優れている
優れている すぐれている to excel (in, as); to be superior; to be excellent
優れた
すぐれた 《formal》⦅adjective equivalent⦆ excellent; superior; outstanding; great (ability, value, etc.)
ⓓ gracious; ⓔ gentle
優しい
やさしい gentle; tender; gracious; affectionate; kind; (environment, eco, nature, health, etc.)-friendly
音読み
ⓐ actor
俳優
はいゆう actor; actress (俳= actor; funny)
女優
じょゆう actress (used with consciousness of being a woman)
* 男優 だんゆう actor (used only when a distinction between male and female is needed)
* 声優
せいゆう voice actor [actress]; dubbing artist
ⓑ excel
優勝する
ゆうしょうする to win the victory [championship] (勝 ➦547)
優秀な ゆうしゅうな excellent; talented
ⓒ hospitable
* 優遇 ゆうぐう 《slightly formal》favorable [preferential] treatment
1 優先 ゆうせん 《slightly formal》priority; precedence
* 優先席
ゆうせんせき priority seat
ⓓ gracious
* 優雅な ゆうがな graceful; elegant; refined
ⓕ sluggish
‡ 優柔不断な ゆうじゅうふだんな irresolute; indecisive; shilly-shally
527
婦
ⓐ married woman
; ⓑ adult woman
/妇/婦/며느리[부];부인;성인의 여성
音読み
ⓐ married woman
夫婦
ふうふ husband and wife; married couple
新婦 しんぷ 《formal》bride (↔ "新郎"(しんろう) 《formal》bridegroom)
ⓑ adult woman
婦人 ふじん 《formal and slightly archaic》lady
1 産婦人科 さんふじんか 《medical》obstetrics and gynecology
‡ 家政婦 かせいふ 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》(paid) housekeeper
528
幸
ⓐ good luck; ⓑ happiness
; ⓒ blessing; ⓓ Emperor's visit
/幸;天恩/幸;天恩/다행[행];다행;혜택;천황의 외출
訓読み
ⓐ good luck; ⓑ happiness
幸い
さいわい ⦅adv.⦆《slightly formal and slightly archaic》luckily; fortunately
⦅n.⦆《slightly formal and slightly archaic》happiness; (good) fortune; small mercy (from some misfortune)
ⓑ happiness
↓幸せ
しあわせ «also written as "仕合わせ"» happiness
↑幸せな
しあわせな happy; fortunate
‡↓不幸せ ふしあわせ 《slightly archaic》unhappiness; disfortunate; misery
‡↑不幸せな ふしあわせな 《slightly archaic》unhappy; unfortunate; miserable
ⓑ happiness; ⓒ blessing
* 幸 さち 《archaic》happiness; (good) fortune; blessing of food
ⓒ blessing
* 海の幸 うみのさち natural taste of blessings from the sea; delicious marine products
‡ 山の幸 やまのさち natural taste of blessings from the mountains; delicious food from the mountains
音読み
ⓐ good luck
幸運
こううん 《slightly formal》(good) luck; (good) fortune
ⓑ happiness
幸福
こうふく 《slightly formal》happiness (福= good fortune)
不幸 ふこう unhappiness; disfortunate; misery
ⓓ Emperor's visit
‡ 行幸 ぎょうこう 《very formal》Emperor's visit
529
永
/永/永/길[영];오래다
訓読み
◎ lasting
永い ながい 《formal》lasting
‡ 末永く
すえながく 《formal》forever
‖ 末永くお幸せに。 すえながくおしあわせに。 《formal and polite》I wish you both a lifetime of happiness
音読み
◎ lasting
永久に
えいきゅうに 《formal》eternally (in terms of time sequences); permanently
永遠
えいえん 《slightly formal》eternity
永遠の えいえんの 《slightly formal》eternal; everlasting
‡ 永年 えいねん 《very formal》permanence; longtime