日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例第34課
530
戻
訓
もど(る)
、もど(す)
音
レイⓐ contrary to (reason); ⓑ
return
／戾;回;还／戾;回;還／어그러질[려]([여]);어긋나다;되돌아가다;되돌리다
訓読み
ⓑ return
戻る
もどる ⦅vi.⦆ to return (to); to go [come] back (to)戻す
もどす ⦅vt.⦆ to return; to put back1 取り戻す とりもどす to get [take] back; to recover; to regain
払い戻す はらいもどす to refund
払い戻し
はらいもどし refund音読み
ⓐ contrary to (reason) （←"run counter to"）
‡ 暴戻 ぼうれい 《very formal》inhumanity; atrocity; brutality; tyrannies
ⓑ return
‡ 返戻金 へんれいきん 《legal》payout on cancellation of contract
531
残
訓
のこ(る)
、のこ(す)
音
ザン
ⓐ cruel; ⓑ
remain
／残;留下;剩下／殘;留下;剩下／남을[잔];참혹하다;남다;남기다
訓読み
ⓑ remain
残る
のこる ⦅vi.⦆ to remain; to be left残す
のこす ⦅vt.⦆ to leave音読み
ⓐ cruel
1 残酷な ざんこくな cruel
ⓑ remain
残念な
ざんねんな unfortunate; regrettable; to be sorry*
残業
ざんぎょう overtime work; working overtime532
汚
訓
よご(れる)
、よご(す)
、けが(れる)
、けが(す)
、けが(らわしい)、きたな(い)
音
オ
ⓐ
dirty
; ⓑ defile／污;脏／汚;髒／더러울[오];더럽다;더러워지다;더럽히다
訓読み
ⓐ dirty
↓
汚れる
よごれる ⦅vi.⦆ to become dirty (by a concrete thing such as something dirty attaching or impurities mixing) ↓
汚す
よごす ⦅vt.⦆ to get [make] (something) dirty; to pollute汚い
きたない dirtyⓑ defile
*↑
汚れる
けがれる 《slightly formal》⦅vi.⦆ to become dirty (moralistically, spiritually); to be defiled*↑
汚す
けがす 《slightly formal》⦅vt.⦆ to disgrace; to dishonor; to defile; to profane; to sully音読み
ⓐ dirty
汚染
おせん 《formal》pollution; contamination （染＝ soak into; dye; infect）* 大気汚染 たいきおせん 《slightly formal》air [atmospheric] pollution
ⓑ defile
* 汚点 おてん 《formal》blot [stain] (such as on one's reputation)
* 汚名 おめい 《formal》stigma; disgrace
* 汚職 おしょく 《slightly formal》corruption; bribery （← paraphrase of "瀆職"（とくしょく））
533
倒
訓
たお(れる)
、たお(す)
音
トウ
ⓐ inverted; ⓑ
fall down
; ⓒ defeat; ⓓ overthrow; ⓔ ruin; ⓕ lacking substance; ⓖ incline; ⓗ exceedingly／倒;缺乏实质／倒;缺乏實質
／넘어질[도];거꾸로;쓰러지다;쓰러뜨리다;넘어지다;쳐부수다;뒤엎다;실질이 없다;기울이다;지나치도록
訓読み
ⓑ fall down; ⓒ defeat; ⓓ overthrow; ⓔ ruin; ⓖ incline
倒れる
たおれる ⦅vi.⦆ (of something standing,) to fall down; to fall down (and lie down); to collapse; to be overthrown; to fall sick [ill]; (of a seat,) to recline倒す
たおす ⦅vt.⦆ to knock [push, throw] down; to overthrow (the government); to topple; to defeat; to recline (a seat); to incline (the body)ⓓ overthrow
‡ 踏み倒す ふみたおす to bilk; to do not pay (one's debt, one's bill)
ⓔ ruin
‡ 共倒れ ともだおれ being ruined together; mutual destruction; falling together
ⓕ lacking substance
‡ 見かけ倒し みかけだおし deceptive appearance; mere show
‡ 計画倒れ けいかくだおれ plan which is never carried out
音読み
ⓐ inverted
‡ 倒立 とうりつ 《formal》headstand; handstand
‡ 倒置 とうち 《formal》inversion
ⓐ inverted; ⓑ fall down
* 転倒する てんとうする 《slightly formal》to be overturned; to fall down; to tumble
ⓑ fall down
‡ 卒倒する そっとうする 《formal》to fall senseless; to faint
ⓒ defeat
‡ 打倒する だとうする 《slightly formal》to overthrow; to defeat
ⓔ ruin
1
倒産
とうさん (corporate) bankruptcyⓖ incline
‡ 傾倒する けいとうする 《formal》to devote oneself (to); to adore; to make a commitment (to)
ⓗ exceedingly
1 圧倒する あっとうする 《slightly formal》to overwhelm; to overpower
○(phonetic equivalent)
面倒な
めんどうな troublesome; perplexing; onerous 面倒くさい めんどうくさい 《colloquial》troublesome
534
流
訓
なが(れる)
、なが(す)
音
リュウ
、ルⓐ
flow
; ⓑ circulate; ⓒ drift; ⓓ stray; ⓔ abort; ⓕ banish; ⓖ lineage; ⓗ class／流／流／흐를[류]([유]);흐르다;흘리다;떠돌다;빗나가다;중도에 그만두다;귀양;계통;지위
訓読み
ⓐ flow; ⓑ circulate; ⓒ drift; ⓓ stray; ⓔ abort
流れる
ながれる ⦅vi.⦆ to flow; to drift; (of liquid or fluid,) to run; to abort; (of an event,) to be called offⓐ flow; ⓑ circulate; ⓔ abort; ⓕ banish
流す
ながす ⦅vt.⦆ to flow; to drift; to run (a liquid or fluid); to spread (rumor, information, etc.); to send out to make audible; to call off (a game, a meeting); to banishⓐ flow; ⓑ circulate; ⓖ lineage
流れ ながれ flow; stream; current; tide; descent
ⓓ stray
‡ 流れ弾 ながれだま stray bullet
音読み
ⓐ flow
*↓上流 じょうりゅう upper stream; upper reaches
電流 でんりゅう 《physics》electric current
直流 ちょくりゅう 《physics》direct current
↓交流 こうりゅう 《physics》alternating current
* 漂流 ひょうりゅう 《formal》drift （漂＝ float）
ⓑ circulate
1 流通 りゅうつう 《formal》distribution (of commodities); circulation (of currency)
↑交流 こうりゅう 《slightly formal》interaction (mutual visiting or communication between socially different groups)
‖ 学生交流ステーション がくせいこうりゅうすてーしょん 《proper name》Student Communication Station
国際交流
こくさいこうりゅう international exchange (of people, products, especially human resources)流行
りゅうこう 《slightly formal》fashion; trend‡ 流布 るふ 《formal》spread (of information, rumor, words); circulation (of information, rumor, words)
ⓒ drift
‡ 流民 りゅうみん／るみん 《formal》wandering people
‡ 流浪 るろう 《formal》wandering; vagrancy
ⓓ stray
‡ 流弾 りゅうだん 《formal》stray bullet
ⓔ abort
‡ 流会 りゅうかい 《formal》meeting cancellation
ⓕ banish
‡ 流刑 るけい 《formal and archaic》banishment
ⓖ lineage
‡ 流派 りゅうは school (group inheriting a peculiar style from generation to generation)
‡ 自己流 じこりゅう one's own style; self-taught manner
ⓗ class
一流の いちりゅうの first rate; first class
*↑上流の じょうりゅうの of the upper class
535
増
訓
ふ(える)
、ふ(やす)
、ま(す)
音
ゾウ
◎
increase
／增／增／더할[증];(양이나 수치가) 늘다;(양이나 수치를) 늘리다
訓読み
◎ increase
増える
ふえる 《concrete》⦅vi.⦆ to increase増やす
ふやす 《concrete》⦅vt.⦆ to increase増す
ます 《slightly formal and abstract》to increase音読み
◎ increase
増加する
ぞうかする 《slightly formal》to increase (in quantity or amount) （加 ➦546） 増大する ぞうだいする 《formal》to increase (in degree)
536
減
訓
へ(る)
、へ(らす)
音
ゲン
ⓐ
decrease
; ⓑ subtract; ⓒ get empty／减;变空／減;變空／덜[감];줄다;줄이다;덜다;닳다;비다
訓読み
ⓐ decrease
↓
減る
へる ⦅vi.⦆ to decrease (in number or amount); (of a sole,) to wear out減らす
へらす ⦅vt.⦆ to reduce (in number or amount); to decrease (the number or amount)* すり減る すりへる to wear out
ⓒ get empty
‡↑腹が減る はらがへる 《rough-spoken》to get hungry
音読み
ⓐ decrease
1
減少
げんしょう 《slightly formal》decrease (in number or amount); decline (in number or amount); reduction (in number or amount) 増減 ぞうげん 《formal》increase and decrease; fluctuation
1 削減 さくげん 《formal》cutback; curtailment; reduction
1 軽減 けいげん 《formal》reduction (of load or pain)
1 減点 げんてん points deducted
ⓑ subtract
‡ 減法 げんぽう 《mathematics》subtraction （＝引き算（ひきざん））
加減 かげん addition and subtraction; degree; condition; (favorite) state
1 ↓いい加減 いいかげん〈head-high accent〉 ⦅n.⦆ suitable degree; favorite state
1 ↑いい加減な いいかげんな〈flat accent〉 （halfway ＞）⦅adj.⦆ irresponsible; halfhearted; groundless
537
過
訓
す(ぎる)
、す(ごす)
、あやま(つ)、あやま(ち)
音
カ
ⓐ pass by; ⓑ
pass a limit
; ⓒ fault／过／過／지날[과];지나다;지내다;잘못
訓読み
ⓐ pass by; ⓑ pass a limit
↓
過ぎる
すぎる ⦅vi.⦆ to pass (by [through]); to pass (away); to go by [on]; to be over [above] ↑～(Ｖ(masu-stem)／Ａ(i-stem or na-stem)＋)過ぎる ～すぎる «generally written in hiragana» ~ too much; over~
‖ 食べ過ぎる たべすぎる «"過", generally written in hiragana» to eat too much
‖ 通り過ぎる とおりすぎる «"過", generally written in hiragana» to pass (by); to go by
‖ 大き過ぎる おおきすぎる «"過", generally written in hiragana» too big
‖ 簡単過ぎる かんたんすぎる «"過", generally written in hiragana» too easy
～過ぎ ～すぎ past ~; too ~; ~ too much
ⓐ pass by; ⓒ fault
* 寝過ごす ねすごす to oversleep
ⓐ pass by
過ごす
すごす ⦅vt.⦆ to spend; to pass (time)ⓒ fault
1
過ち
あやまち 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》(unmalicious) error音読み
ⓐ pass by
通過する つうかする 《slightly formal》to pass (through); to go [get] through
過去
かこ the past‡ 看過する かんかする 《formal》to pretermit; to overlook (a fault); to let pass
ⓑ pass a limit
1 過労 かろう 《formal》overwork
過半数 かはんすう 《slightly formal》more than half (of the member)
ⓒ fault
過失 かしつ 《formal》(unintentional) error; fault; negligence; accident
538
決
訓
き(まる)
、き(める)
音
ケツ
ⓐ breach an embankment; ⓑ dare to do; ⓒ
decide
; ⓓ settle; ⓔ carry out successfully; ⓕ dress up; ⓖ assume; ⓗ absolutely; ⓘ break up／决;定;做好;打扮;独自断定;诀／決;定;做好;打扮;獨自斷定;訣
／결단할[결];둑을 자르다;과감하게 하다;정해지다;정하다;성공시키다;멋을 내다;믿고 있다;결코;손을 끊다
訓読み
ⓒ decide; ⓓ settle; ⓔ carry out successfully; ⓕ dress up
決まる
きまる ⦅vi.⦆ to be decided; to be settled; (of the date, place, etc.,) to be fixedⓒ decide; ⓓ settle; ⓔ carry out successfully; ⓕ dress up; ⓖ assume
決める
きめる ⦅vt.⦆ to decide; to determine; to make up one's mind; to fix (the date, place, etc.)ⓒ decide; ⓓ settle
1 取り決め とりきめ agreement; arrangement
音読み
ⓐ breach an embankment
‡ 決壊する けっかいする 《formal》(of an embankment,) to collapse
ⓑ dare to do
1 決行する けっこうする 《formal》to carry out (resolutely)
ⓒ decide
決定する
けっていする 《formal》to decide; to settle; to fix (the date, place, etc.) 決心する けっしんする 《slightly formal》to decide; to make up one's mind; to resolve
1 決意する けついする 《formal》to determine; to resolve; to deside with a firm will
* 決断する けつだんする 《slightly formal》to make a decision; to determine
解決する
かいけつする to solve; to resolve (a problem, difficulty, etc.) （解 ➦589）1 決勝 けっしょう final (match)
ⓗ absolutely
決して けっして 《slightly formal》⦅with negative verb⦆ by no means; never
ⓘ break up (substitution kanji of "訣")
‡ 決別する けつべつする 《formal》to make a clean break with
539
当
訓
あ(たる)
、あ(てる)
音
トウ
ⓐ correspond; ⓑ appropriate; ⓒ assign; ⓓ reliance; ⓔ
hit
; ⓕ shine; ⓖ contact; ⓗ consult; ⓘ confront; ⓙ the present; ⓚ in question; ⓛ pawn／当;靠;撞;中;照;问;查;临;目前;本(该)-／當;靠;撞;中;照;問;查;臨;目前;本(該)-
／마땅할[당];마땅하다;할당하다;의지하다;맞다;맞히다;들다;알아보다;현재의;화제의;전당
訓読み
ⓐ correspond; ⓒ assign; ⓔ hit; ⓕ shine; ⓖ contact; ⓗ consult; ⓘ confront
当たる
あたる ⦅vi.⦆ to hit; (of a prediction, a forecast,) to come true; to win (in a lottery); to touch; to take the matter in hand; to bathe (in the sunlight); to be exposed (to the rain, the wind or the sun); to correspond当てる
あてる ⦅vt.⦆ to hit; to guess right; to apply; to appropriate; to win (in a lottery); to expose (to the rain, the wind or the sun)ⓑ appropriate
当たり前 あたりまえ «often written in hiragana» 《informal》natural; of course
当てはまる あてはまる «often written in hiragana» to apply (a rule); to be true (of); to be applicable (to)
ⓒ assign
1 割り当て わりあて assignment; allotment; allocation; quota; ration (of food)
1 ↓当て あて aim（e.g., 当てがない）; expectation（e.g., 当てがない／外れる／つく） （＜ "目当て"（めあて））
ⓓ reliance
1 ↑当て あて reliance （e.g., 当てにする／当てになる）
ⓔ hit
1 当たり あたり hit; bumping; winning ticket of lottery; guess（e.g., 当たりをつける）; bite [strike] (of a fish on a hook); Right on target!; Correct!; That's right!
ⓕ shine
日当たり ひあたり condition of sunshine (especially into a room or on a field)
ⓘ confront
突き当たり つきあたり end (of the street, corridor, etc.)
音読み
ⓐ correspond
1 該当する がいとうする 《formal》to correspond [apply] (under certain conditions or requirements); to be applicable (to); to fall [come] under (an article of a legal document)
ⓑ appropriate
適当な
てきとうな fit; suitable; appropriate; irresponsible （適＝ to suit）本当
ほんとう truth; reality; actuality; fact NOTE: "ほんと" is often used in casual conversation. In that case, officially, it is written only in hiragana.
‖ 本当？ ほんとう？ Really?
本当の ほんとうの true; real; actual
本当に
ほんとうに really 当然 とうぜん 《slightly formal》naturally; of course
ⓒ assign
担当する たんとうする to be in charge
当番 とうばん being on duty; person on duty
↓
弁当
べんとう bentō; box lunch; packed lunch; packed meal （弁＝ prepare） ↑
お弁当
べんとう 《polite or colloquial》bentō; box lunch; packed lunch; packed mealⓔ hit
1 当選 とうせん being elected; winning (in a lottery); being selected
ⓘ confront
* 当惑する とうわくする 《formal》to be embarrassed
ⓙ the present
* 当分 とうぶん 《slightly formal》for the time being
ⓚ in question
1 当の とうの 《formal》in question
当日
とうじつ 《slightly formal》the very day* 当社 とうしゃ 《formal》this [our] company
当時
とうじ 《slightly formal》at that time; in those daysⓛ pawn
‡ 抵当 ていとう 《formal》mortgage; security (for a loan)
○<abbreviation of "当選">
‡ 当確 とうかく 《formal》sure to be elected; definitely be selected （＜ "当選確実"（とうせんかくじつ））
‡ 当落 とうらく 《formal》success or defeat (of a candidate in election); result (of an election)
540
続
訓
つづ(く)
、つづ(ける)
音
ゾク
ⓐ
continue
; ⓑ follow／续／續／이을[속];계속되다;계속하다;이어받다
訓読み
ⓐ continue; ⓑ follow
続く
つづく ⦅vi.⦆ to continue; to go [keep] on; to last; to follow; to come afterⓐ continue
続ける
つづける ⦅vt.⦆ to continue; to go on; to keep (on) doing 続き つづき continuation; sequel
ⓑ follow
手続き
てつづき procedure; formalities音読み
ⓐ continue
連続
れんぞく succession; continuance; sequence; series (of)ⓑ follow
接続する せつぞくする 《slightly formal》to connect; (of transportation facilities,) to connect (directly or in a short connection time) （接 ➦565）
1 接続詞 せつぞくし 《grammar》conjunction
541
届
訓
とど(く)
、とど(ける)
音
－ⓐ
reach
; ⓑ deliver; ⓒ notify／达到;送;报;假条／達到;送;報;假條／이를[계];닿다;배달하다;전달하다;신고하다;-계
訓読み
ⓐ reach
届く
とどく ⦅vi.⦆ to reach; to get at; (of something,) to arrive; to be delivered‡ 行き届く ゆきとどく／いきとどく to be attentive to details; to be in thorough manner; to be well cared for
ⓑ deliver
届ける
とどける ⦅vt.⦆ to report; to send; to deliver‡ 届け先 とどけさき delivery destination; receiver's address
ⓒ notify
1
届け
とどけ notice; report*
欠席届
けっせきとどけ report of a school absence542
並
訓
なら(ぶ)
、なら(べる)
、なら(びに)、なみ
音
ヘイ
ⓐ side by side; ⓑ
form a line
; ⓒ equivalent; ⓓ common／并;排;同等程度;普通／竝;排;同等程度;普通／나란히 할[병];나란히 서다;나란히 하다;맞먹다;보통의
訓読み
ⓐ side by side; ⓑ form a line; ⓒ equivalent
並ぶ
ならぶ ⦅vi.⦆ to line [queue] (up); to form [make] a line [queue]; to stand in line [side by side]並べる
ならべる ⦅vt.⦆ to line [queue] up; to put side by side; to arrange in a lineⓑ form a line
並木 なみき roadside trees
ⓒ equivalent; ⓓ common
1 ～並み ～なみ equivalent to; same level as;
‖平年並み へいねんなみ average for this time of the year
‖軒並み のきなみ across the board
‖月並み つきなみ conventional
ⓓ common
1
並
なみ mid-grade; standard serving size (such as of the bowl of rice)音読み
ⓐ side by side
1
並行
へいこう 《formal》going side-by-side; doing at the same time‡ 並走 へいそう 《formal》running side by side
543
折
訓
お(れる)
、お(る)
、おり
音
セツ
ⓐ break by bending; ⓑ
bend linearly
; ⓒ dispirit; ⓓ give way; ⓔ die halfway through; ⓕ allot; ⓖ occasion／折;屈;转弯;让步;均摊;时候;时机／折;屈;轉彎;讓步;均攤;時候;時機
／꺾을[절];꺾어지다;꺾다;부러지다;부러뜨리다;접다;굽히다;중도에 죽다;나누다;때
訓読み
ⓐ break by bending; ⓑ bend linearly; ⓓ give way
折れる
おれる ⦅vi.⦆ to break; to be broken; to snap off; to turn; to give wayⓐ break by bending; ⓑ bend linearly
折る
おる ⦅vt.⦆ to break; to snap; to foldⓑ bend linearly
*
折り紙
おりがみ origami; paper folding; origami paper1 折り返す おりかえす to fold back; to turn back [up]
* 折れ線グラフ おれせんぐらふ line chart [graph]
* 折り曲げる おりまげる to bend; to fold [turn] down
1 折り畳む おりたたむ to fold up; to fold into layers
‡ 折箱 おりばこ 《slightly archaic》small food box (wooden or cardboard)
ⓖ occasion
1 ↓折 おり 《formal》occasion; opportunity
1
時折
ときおり 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》occasionally; sometimes○<abbreviation of "折箱">
‡↑折 おり 《slightly archaic》small food box (wooden or cardboard)
‡ 菓子折 かしおり 《slightly archaic》box of cakes
音読み
ⓐ break by bending
骨折する
こっせつする to break [fracture] a bone （骨＝ bone）ⓑ bend linearly
*
右折する
うせつする 《formal》to turn to the right*
左折する
させつする 《formal》to turn to the left1 屈折 くっせつ 《formal》refraction; warping (of mind);《linguistics》infrection
ⓒ dispirit
* 挫折する ざせつする to suffer a setback; to be disheartened
ⓔ die halfway through
‡ 夭折 ようせつ 《formal》premature [early] death
ⓕ allot
* 折半する せっぱんする 《slightly formal》to split (money or goods); to go fifty-fifty (on)
‡ 折衷 せっちゅう 《formal》blending; compromise
544
焼
訓
や(ける)
、や(く)
音
ショウ
ⓐ
burn
; ⓑ to color deeper; ⓒ grill; ⓓ bake／烧;晒黑;烤／燒;曬黑;烤／불사를[소];타다;태우다;구워지다;굽다
訓読み
ⓐ burn; ⓑ to color deeper (with chemicals or heat); ⓒ grill; ⓓ bake
焼ける
やける ⦅vi.⦆ (of substances to change by means of fire, heat, or light,) to burn; to be burned; to be roasted; to be broiled; to be grilled; to be baked; to be toasted; to be sunburned焼く
やく ⦅vt.⦆ (to change substances by means of fire, heat, or light) to burn; to roast; to broil; to grill; to bake; to toastⓐ burn
1 日焼け ひやけ sunburn; suntan
1 夕焼け ゆうやけ sunset glow
ⓑ to color deeper (with chemicals, heat, light, etc.)
‡ 焼き増し やきまし reprint; additional copy (using film-based camera)
ⓒ grill
*
すき焼き
すきやき（鋤焼き） sukiyaki (Japanese beef hot pot)*
焼き肉（焼肉）
やきにく yakiniku (Japanese dish of grilled meat similar to Korean barbecue); grilled meat音読み
ⓐ burn
1
燃焼
ねんしょう 《formal》burning; combustion