日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例第35課
545
参
訓
まい(る)
音
サン
ⓐ refer; ⓑ
participate
; ⓒ visit; ⓓ go to worship; ⓔ(extra-modest) go [come]
; ⓕ admit defeat; ⓖ three／参;拜访;去;来;认输;叁／參;拜訪;去;來;認輸
／참여할[참];대조하다;참가하다;참배하다;(겸양어) 가다/오다;패배를 인정하다;삼
訓読み
ⓒ visit; ⓔ(extra-modest) go [come]; ⓕ admit defeat
参る
まいる (extra-modest expression of) go [come]ⓓ go to worship
音読み
ⓐ refer
参考 さんこう reference
参考書
さんこうしょ reference book; study aidⓑ participate
参加する
さんかする 《slightly formal》to take part in; to participate in; to join (in) 参加者 さんかしゃ 《slightly formal》participant
1 参議院 さんぎいん the House of Councilors (of Japan)
ⓒ visit
持参 じさん 《formal》bringing; taking
ⓕ admit defeat
1 降参する こうさんする to admit defeat; to give in; to give up (as unsolvable [unworkable])
ⓖ three (alternative kanji used for numbers especially in financial contexts)
‡ 参 さん 《formal》three (used for writing figures in legal and financial documents with Chinese numerals)
‖ 参拾万円 さんじゅうまんえん 《formal》300,000 yen
○<abbreviation of "参議院">
‡ 衆参両院 しゅうさんりょういん both houses of the Diet (of Japan); the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors (of Japan) （衆 ＜ "衆議院"（しゅうぎいん））
546
加
訓
くわ(わる)
、くわ(える)
音
カ
ⓐ
add
; ⓑ affect; ⓒ join in／加／加／더할[가];더하다;가하다;가입하다
訓読み
ⓐ add; ⓑ affect; ⓒ join in
加わる
くわわる 《slightly formal》⦅vi.⦆ to be added; to join; (of power, pressure or heat,) to be exerted [applied]加える
くわえる 《slightly formal》⦅vt.⦆ to add; to include; to inflict音読み
ⓐ add
増加する
ぞうかする 《slightly formal》to increase (in quantity or amount) 追加する ついかする to add (more of the same)
加速する かそくする 《slightly formal》to increase speed; to accelerate; to speed up
加速度 かそくど 《physics》acceleration
加熱 かねつ 《slightly formal》heating
‡ 加法 かほう 《mathematics》addition （＝足し算（たしざん））
加減 かげん addition and subtraction; degree; condition; (favorite) state
* いい加減 いいかげん〈head-high accent〉 ⦅n.⦆ suitable degree; favorite state
1 いい加減な いいかげんな〈flat accent〉 ⦅adj.⦆ irresponsible; halfhearted; groundless
ⓑ affect
1 加工 かこう 《slightly formal》processing (of material, food, etc.)
ⓒ join in
1 加入する かにゅうする 《slightly formal》to join [enroll in, become a member of] (an association, a club); to take out [buy] (insurance)
参加する
さんかする 《slightly formal》to take part in; to participate in; to join (in) 参加者 さんかしゃ 《slightly formal》participant
547
勝
訓
か(つ)
、まさ(る)
音
ショウ
ⓐ excel; ⓑ scenic spot; ⓒ
win
; ⓓ prone to／胜;往往／勝;往往／이길[승];낫다;경관이 뛰어난 곳;이기다;경향이 강하다
訓読み
ⓐ excel
1
勝る
まさる 《formal》to excel; to surpass 勝手に かってに arbitrarily; in a self-serving manner; without leave; as one pleases （←"convenient way for the person"）
ⓒ win
勝つ
かつ to win; to defeatⓓ prone to （in the form of "Ｖ(masu-stem)＋勝ち" or "Ｎ＋勝ち"）
‡ あり勝ちな ありがちな «generally written in hiragana» be apt [prone] to happen; frequent
‡ 病気勝ちな びょうきがちな «"勝", generally written in hiragana» prone to being ill; being sick a lot
音読み
ⓐ excel
‡ ご健勝 ごけんしょう 《in formal letter writing》your good health
ⓑ scenic spot
‡ 名勝 めいしょう 《formal》(famous) scenic spot
‡ 景勝 けいしょう 《formal》having a scenic beauty; beautiful [scenic] spot
ⓒ win
1 勝利 しょうり 《slightly formal》victory; triumph
勝負 しょうぶ victory or defeat; match; game
優勝する
ゆうしょうする to win the victory [championship]1 決勝 けっしょう final (match)
548
負
訓
ま(ける)
、ま(かす)、お(う)
音
フ
ⓐ to shoulder; ⓑ sustain (a wound); ⓒ have recourse to; ⓓ
lose
(a game); ⓔ yield to; ⓕ discount; ⓖ get a rash; ⓗ negative number／负;屈服;让价;起炎症／負;屈服;讓價;起炎症
／질[부];업다;(상처 같은 것을) 입다;지다;의지하다;깎아 주다;발진이 생기다;음수
訓読み
ⓐ to shoulder; ⓑ sustain (a wound)
1 負う おう 《formal and slightly archaic》to carry on back; to bear a burden;《formal》to owe (a debt, duty); to bear (the costs, responsibility, blame, etc.); to get (injured)
ⓐ to shoulder
背負う
せおう 《slightly formal》to carry on back; to be burdened withⓒ have recourse to
‡ 気負う きおう to be eager; to rouse oneself
ⓓ lose (a game); ⓔ yield to
↓
負ける
まける to lose (a game); to be beaten; to be defeated; to yield to (feeling, temptation, etc.)ⓕ discount
↑負ける まける «often written in hiragana» to discount
ⓖ get a rash
‡ かみそり負け かみそりまけ razor rash
‡ 漆負け うるしまけ poison ivy rash
音読み
ⓐ to shoulder
負担
ふたん burden; load; share of the responsibility （担＝ undertake）ⓑ sustain (a wound)
1 負傷 ふしょう 《formal》injury; wound
ⓒ have recourse to
* 自負 じふ 《formal》(true) pride in oneself
ⓓ lose (a game); ⓔ yield to
勝負
しょうぶ victory or defeat; match; gameⓗ negative number
‡ 負の ふの 《mathematics or slightly formal》minus; negative （↔ "正の"（せいの） plus; positive）
549
絶
訓
た(える)
、た(やす)、た(つ)
音
ゼツ
ⓐ
break off
; ⓑ inaccessible; ⓒ decline; ⓓ be discontinued; ⓔ(not) at all; ⓕunparalleled
／绝／絕／끊을[절];끊다;접근하기 어렵다;거절하다;끊어지다;한 번도 (없다);비길데 없는
訓読み
ⓐ break off; ⓓ be discontinued
1
絶える
たえる 《formal》⦅vi.⦆ to be discontinued; to become extinct; to die out; to be cut off (from the supply) 絶えず たえず 《formal》⦅adjective equivalent⦆ continuously; continually; constantly; all the time; always
1 途絶える とだえる (of communication,) to disrupt; (of a continuing thing,) to stop halfway; to be cut off
ⓐ break off
*
絶つ
たつ 《slightly formal》to cut off (communications); to break off (one's relationship [relations, connections] with someone); to abstain (from alcohol [smoking]); to eradicate (an evil)ⓔ(not) at all
‡ 絶えて たえて 《formal and archaic》⦅adverb, with negative verb⦆ never
音読み
ⓐ break off
* 絶縁 ぜつえん 《slightly formal》breaking off relations;《physics》electrical isolation [insulation]
* 断絶 だんぜつ 《slightly formal》extinction (of a noble [royal] family line); severance [rupture] (of diplomatic relations); gap (of generations, between parent and child, etc.)
ⓑ inaccessible
1 絶頂 ぜっちょう the peak; the height
‡ 絶壁 ぜっぺき sheer cliff; precipice
ⓒ decline
1 拒絶する きょぜつする 《formal》to reject
1 面会謝絶 めんかいしゃぜつ No Visitors (a door sign at the hospital)
ⓓ be discontinued
* 絶食する ぜっしょくする 《slightly formal》to fast
1 絶望する ぜつぼうする to despair
絶滅する ぜつめつする to become extinct
*
気絶する
きぜつする to faint; to lose consciousnessⓕ unparalleled
絶対に
ぜったいに ⦅with negative verb⦆ absolutely; never* 絶好の ぜっこうの best (chance, season, spot, etc.); perfect (weather for an outing, golf, ski, etc.); golden (opportunity)
* 絶景 ぜっけい 《slightly formal》superb [magnificent, picturesque] view
* 絶品 ぜっぴん 《slightly formal》superb piece of work; exquisite item
550
得
訓
え(る)
、う(る)
音
トク
ⓐ
acquire
; ⓑ realize; ⓒ be satisfied; ⓓ beneficent; ⓔ possible／得;掌握;悟;上算;能够／得;掌握;悟;上算;能夠／얻을[득];얻다;깨닫다;만족하다;득;-수 있다
訓読み
ⓐ acquire
↓
得る
える 《formal》to get ; to gain; to acquireⓔ possible
↑～(Ｖ(masu-stem)＋)得る ～うる to be possible to ~
‖ 起こり得る おこりうる to be possible to occur; can [could] happen
‖
あり得る
ありうる（／ありえる《informal》） 《slightly formal》to be possible; to be conceivable ‖ あり得ない ありえない 《slightly formal》impossible; inconceivable
やむを得ない やむをえない 《slightly formal》unavoidable; inevitable; cannot be helped
音読み
ⓐ acquire
1 得点 とくてん 《slightly formal》score; point
ⓑ realize
説得 せっとく persuasion
ⓒ be satisfied
得意な
とくいな good at (supported by high degree of skill or self-confidence); proud (often with speaker's annoying feeling)ⓓ beneficent
得
とく profit; benefit (お)買い得 (お)かいどく good buy; bargain
551
球
訓
たま
音
キュウ
ⓐ
ball
; ⓑ bulb／球／球／공[구];구;공;구기;공 모양의 물건
訓読み
ⓐ ball
↓
球
たま ball (in sports)音読み
ⓐ ball
↑球 きゅう 《mathematics》sphere
地球
ちきゅう earth; globe野球
やきゅう baseball 気球 ききゅう balloon
赤血球 せっけっきゅう 《medical》red (blood) cell [corpuscle]; erythrocyte
白血球 はっけっきゅう 《medical》white (blood) cell [corpuscle]; leukocyte
リンパ球 りんぱきゅう 《medical》lymphocyte
ⓑ bulb
電球 でんきゅう (electric) light bulb
○<abbreviation of "野球">
球場 きゅうじょう 《slightly formal》ballpark; (baseball) stadium
552
投
訓
な(げる)
音
トウ
ⓐ
throw
; ⓑ give up; ⓒ cast; ⓓ put to apply; ⓔ coincide／投;放弃／投;放棄／던질[투];던지다;내던지다;들어맞게 두다;맞다
訓読み
ⓐ throw; ⓑ give up; ⓒ cast
投げる
なげる to throw; to pitch; to toss; to give up halfway through (a game)ⓐ throw; ⓑ give up
1 投げ出す なげだす to throw out (outside); to throw [give] up (one's job)
音読み
ⓐ throw
* 投手 とうしゅ 《baseball》pitcher (in baseball)
ⓑ give up
‡ 投降する とうこうする 《formal》(of a person,) to surrender (to the enemy)
ⓒ cast
投票 とうひょう vote; ballot; poll
投書
とうしょ letter from a reader [to the editor]ⓓ put to apply
1 投資 とうし 《slightly formal》investment
‡ 投与 とうよ 《formal》administration (of medicine)
‡ 投薬 とうやく 《formal》giving a medicine; dosing
ⓔ coincide
‡ 投機 とうき 《formal》speculation; venture
‡ 意気投合する いきとうごうする to hit it off
553
打
訓
う(つ)
音
ダ
ⓐ
strike
; ⓑ perform an action (as if) by striking／打／打／칠[타];치다
訓読み
ⓐ strike
打つ
うつ to hit; to strike; to inject (with a syringe)ⓑ perform an action (as if) by striking
* 打ち上げる うちあげる to launch (a rocket); to set off (fireworks); to hit (a ball) high (with a tool such as a bat or a racket)
打ち上げ花火 うちあげはなび skyrocket (fireworks); rocket (fireworks)
打ち消す うちけす to deny
1 打ち切る うちきる to break off; to cut off; to terminate; to end; to cancel
1 打ち明ける うちあける to tell [confess, confide, reveal] (one's secrets, real feelings, etc.)
打ち合わせ
うちあわせ previous arrangement; preparatory meeting 打ち水 うちみず 《slightly archaic》uchimizu (water sprinkling on the ground with a bucket and radle during hot summer season)
音読み
ⓐ strike
‡ 打楽器 だがっき percussion instrument
* 打者 だしゃ 《baseball》batter (in baseball, cricket); hitter (in baseball); batsman (in cricket)
*
強打
きょうだ 《formal》hard blow; powerful drive (hitting in baseball, tennis, etc.)ⓑ perform an action (as if) by striking
‡ 打診する だしんする 《slightly formal》to sound someone out;《medical》to perform a percussion examination
554
差
訓
さ(す)
音
サ
ⓐ
difference
; ⓑ put on (a pole); ⓒ put up (an umbrella); ⓓ pour; ⓔ put in (drops or something slender); ⓕ(of the tide,) to come in; ⓖ emerge; ⓗ to point; ⓘ to direct; ⓙ dispatch; ⓚ one on one; ⓛ pass each other／差;撑(篙);打(伞);注(水、油);(阳光)照射;点(眼药);帯(刀);插;(潮水)上涨;泛;呈现;指;指示;两人相对;叉
／差;撐(篙、傘);注(水、油);(陽光)照射;點(眼藥);帶(刀);插;(潮水)上漲;泛;呈現;指;指示;兩人相對;叉
／어긋날[차];차;(장대로) 밀다;(우산을) 쓰다;붓다;비치다;(안약을) 넣다;(칼을) 차다;꽂다;(물이) 밀려오다;(색조를) 띠다;나타나다;가리키다;특파하다;둘이 마주하다;엇갈리다
訓読み
ⓑ put on (a pole); ⓒ put up (an umbrella); ⓓ pour; ⓔ put in (drops or something slender);
ⓕ(of the tide,) to come in; ⓖ emerge; ⓗ to point
差す
さす (indicating a linear movement or action) to put up (an umbrella)ⓓ pour
日差し ひざし (rays of the) sun; sunlight; sunshine
ⓗ to point
人差し指 ひとさしゆび forefinger; index [first] finger
○(emphasis of meaning: emphasizing the following verb, suggesting a linear movement)
差し上げる
さしあげる 《humble expression》to give音読み
ⓐ difference
差
さ difference; differential; margin時差
じさ time difference; difference in timeⓛ pass each other
交差する こうさする 《slighly formal》(of lines or surfaces,) to cross [intersect]
交差点
こうさてん intersection; crossroads; crossing555
泣
訓
な(く)
音
キュウⓐ
weep
; ⓑ cry／泣;哭／泣;哭／울[읍];눈물을 흘리다;울다
訓読み
ⓐ weep; ⓑ cry
泣く
なく to cry; to weep* 泣き声 なきごえ tearful [crying] voice
音読み
ⓑ cry
‡ 号泣する ごうきゅうする 《formal》to cry loudly; to sob; to wail
556
笑
訓
わら(う)
、え(む)
音
ショウ
◎
laugh
／笑／笑／웃음[소];웃다
訓読み
◎ laugh
笑う
わらう to laugh; to smile; to grin ↓笑い わらい laugh; laughter; smile
*↑お笑い おわらい comedy performances (manzai, rakugo, etc.)
* 苦笑い にがわらい bitter [wry] smile; forced smile
微笑む ほほえむ 《slightly archaic》to smile
微笑み ほほえみ 《slightly archaic》smile
笑顔
えがお smiling [beaming] face; smile音読み
◎ laugh
1 微笑 びしょう 《slightly formal》smile
* 爆笑 ばくしょう 《slightly formal》roar of laughter (from several people);《recent use》laughing hard (single person)
*
苦笑する
くしょうする 《formal》to smile bitterly [wryly]; to give a forced smile557
満
訓
み(ちる)
、み(たす)
音
マン
ⓐ fill; ⓑ
full
; ⓒ fulfill; ⓓ fulfilled; ⓔ whole; ⓕ expiration; ⓖ age in completed years; ⓗ enough preparation; ⓘ stout／满;胖／滿;胖／찰[만];차다;채우다;온-;만- (시기와 햇수);만반의 준비;투실투실하다
訓読み
ⓐ fill
満ちる
みちる 《slightly formal》⦅vi.⦆ to be full (of); to be filled with; (of the tide,) to riseⓐ fill; ⓒ fulfill
1
満たす
みたす 《slightly formal》⦅vt.⦆ to fill (up); to satisfy (one's need); to meet (the demand); to fulfill (a condition, one's appetite)音読み
ⓑ full
満員
まんいん full (of people); capacity crowd; crowded (bus or train) 満点 まんてん perfect score; full marks
* 満開 まんかい full bloom [blossom]
1 満月 まんげつ full moon
未満 みまん less than; under; below
* 満車 まんしゃ parking lot full
ⓓ fulfilled
満足な
まんぞくな satisfied; contented; content; satisfactory; satisfying不満
ふまん dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; unhappiness1 円満な えんまんな 《slightly formal》amicable; peaceful
558
賛
訓
－音
サン
ⓐ assist; ⓑ
approve
; ⓒ praise; ⓓ inscription (on a painting)／赞／贊;讚／도울[찬];돕다;동의하다;칭찬하다;찬 (서화의 옆에 쓰는 말)
音読み
ⓑ approve
賛成
さんせい approval; agreement; favorⓒ praise (substitution kanji of "讃")
1 賛美 さんび 《formal》praise; glorification
‡ 賛美歌 さんびか (church) hymn
ⓓ inscription (on a painting) (substitution kanji of "讃")
‡ 画賛 がさん 《formal》inscription (on a painting)
‡ 自画自賛する じがじさんする to praise oneself; to pat oneself on the back; to blow one's own horn
559
成
訓
な(る)
、な(す)
音
セイ
、ジョウⓐ be completed; ⓑ to form; ⓒ
accomplish
; ⓓ full grown; ⓔ turn into; ⓕ being existed／成／成／이룰[성];이루어지다;이루다;자라다;변하다;되어 있다
訓読み
ⓐ be completed; ⓑ to form; ⓔ turn into
成る なる 《formal》to consist; to be completed; to be promoted (in shōgi)
ⓐ be completed
1
成り立つ
なりたつ 《slightly formal》to consist (of); to be composed (of); to be made up (of); to comprise; to be practical; to be concluded; to be supported1
成し遂げる
なしとげる 《formal》to accomplish; to achieve; to carry outⓔ turn into
‡ 成金 なりきん new rich; upstart （← It derives from the rule of shōgi that even a weak piece is promoted to a strong piece of "金将 (kinshō, a gold general; and kanji of "金" also means money)" when it enters the enemy's camp.）
音読み
ⓐ be completed
完成する かんせいする 《slightly formal》to complete; to be completed （完 ➦604）
成立する せいりつする 《formal》to be formed; to be approved; to come into existence
1 成果 せいか 《slightly formal》outcome; result; fruits
‡ 成就 じょうじゅ 《formal》accomplishment; achievement
ⓑ to form
作成する さくせいする 《slightly formal》 to draw [draw up] (a document, a plan); to make [make out] (a list)
1 合成 ごうせい 《chemistry》synthesis;《physics》composition (of forces)
成分 せいぶん 《slightly formal》ingredient; constituent; element; component
ⓒ accomplish
賛成
さんせい approval; agreement; favor成績
せいせき school [academic] records; (exam [competition]) results; (business) performance （績＝ result）成功する
せいこうする 《slightly formal》to succeed （功＝ achievement）ⓓ full grown
成人 せいじん 《formal》adult
*
成人式
せいじんしき coming-of-age ceremony* 未成年 みせいねん 《slightly formal》minority (any age prior to the legal age);《legal》infancy; nonage
‡ 未成年者 みせいねんしゃ 《formal》person underage; minority (prior to the legal age);《legal》infant
成長する
せいちょうする 《slightly formal》to grow (up)ⓔ turn into
‡ 成仏する じょうぶつする 《slightly archaic》to rest in peace; to die (peacefully); to attain Buddhahood; to turn into a Buddha; to enter Nirvana
ⓕ being existed
‡ 既成の きせいの 《formal》established; existing
‡ 故事成語 こじせいご 《formal》Chinese historical idiom (idiom derived from historical events or classical literature of China)