日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例第36課
560
相
訓
あい
音
ソウ
、ショウ
ⓐ appearances; ⓑ
mutual
; ⓒ one after the other; ⓓ minister (of state); ⓔ verbal prefix to adjust the tone of a word／相;对方;一起;接二连三;调整语调的动词前缀／相;對方;一起;接二連三;調整語調的動詞前綴
／서로[상];상;용모;상태;상대하다;함께;서로;연잇다;번갈아;어조를 조절하는 동사의 접두사
訓読み
ⓐ appearances
相変わらず あいかわらず as before; as ever; as always
ⓑ mutual
相手
あいて companion; partner; opponent (in sports); the person one is speaking to; the other person‡ 相対する あいたいする 《formal》⦅vi.⦆ to face each other; to stand opposite each other; ⦅adjective equivalent⦆ conflicting
* 相性 あいしょう chemistry (between people); affinity; compatibility
* 相乗り あいのり riding together; carpool
‡ 相部屋 あいべや shared room
‡ 相棒 あいぼう 《informal》one's partner; buddy （←"a partner who holds a carrying bar of a palanquin together"）（棒＝ bar）
ⓒ one after the other
1 相次ぐ あいつぐ 《slightly formal》⦅vi.⦆ to follow in succession [one after another]; ⦅adjective equivalent⦆ a series of; successive
音読み
ⓐ appearances
1 真相 しんそう 《slightly formal》truth; actual [real] facts
‡ 相 そう 《formal》phase; aspect; appearance of good or bad luck
ⓑ mutual
1 相対的な そうたいてきな 《formal》relative
相談する
そうだんする to talk (with someone over something); to have a talk [hold a consultation] (with); to discuss (something with someone); to consult (with, together)‡ 相思相愛 そうしそうあい being in love with each other
相違 そうい 《formal》difference; disagreement
‡ 相似 そうじ 《mathematics》similarity;《biology》analogy
1 相場 そうば 《slightly formal》market price;《slightly archaic》money games; evaluation of the general public
ⓒ one after the other
相続する そうぞくする 《slightly formal》to inherid; to succeed to (someone's estate)
ⓓ minister (of state) （←"assistant of the Emperor"）
首相
しゅしょう Prime Minister （officially in Japan, "内閣総理大臣"（ないかくそうりだいじん））1 外相 がいしょう the Minister for Foreign Affairs （officially, "外務大臣"（がいむだいじん））
特別な読み
ⓑ mutual
相撲
すもう sumō （撲＝ strike） お相撲さん おすもうさん 《colloquial and polite》sumō wrestlers
561
談
訓
－音
ダン
ⓐ
to converse
; ⓑ talk; ⓒ story／谈／談／말씀[담];이야기를 나누다;이야기
音読み
ⓐ to converse
* 談話 だんわ 《formal》talk; conversation; statement (of Minister); discourse
1 会談 かいだん 《formal》(official, especially political or diplomatic) talks
相談する
そうだんする to talk (with someone over something); to have a talk [hold a consultation] (with); to discuss (something with someone); to consult (with, together)ⓑ talk
1 雑談 ざつだん chit-chat; small talk; idle chatter; chat
冗談
じょうだん joke （冗＝ otiose）562
共
訓
とも
音
キョウ
ⓐ
together
; ⓑ both; ⓒ co-ownership; ⓓ including; ⓔ suffix for pluralizing／共;双方都;们／共;雙方都;們／함께[공];함께;다 같이;공동 소유;포함해서;복수를 나타내는 접미사
訓読み
ⓐ together; ⓑ both
共に
ともに 《slightly formal》together; bothⓑ both
1
共働き
ともばたらき (husband and wife) both working; double-income workingⓑ both; ⓓ including
1 ～共 ～とも «generally written in hiragana» both ~;《slightly archaic》including ~
ⓔ suffix for pluralizing
‡ ～共 ～ども «generally written in hiragana» 《formal or archaic》all ~
‖ 私共 わたくしども «"共", generally written in hiragana» 《very formal》we (all)
音読み
ⓐ together
共通の
きょうつうの common (belonging to or shared by everyone or everything)* 共用 きょうよう 《slightly formal》common use; something shared
共同 きょうどう cooperation; collaboration; joint
*
共同生活
きょうどうせいかつ communal life [living]; living together under one roof公共の
こうきょうの public (related to society in general or to entire populace)1 共感 きょうかん sympathy
‡ 共和国 きょうわこく republic
‡ 共和制 きょうわせい republican system;《popularly used》republican government; republicanism
‡ 共和政 きょうわせい 《social science》republican (form of) government
‡ 共和主義 きょうわしゅぎ republicanism
‡ 共和党 きょうわとう Republican Party (United States)
ⓒ co-ownership
‡ 共産主義 きょうさんしゅぎ communism （産 ＜ "財産"（ざいさん） property）
‡ 共産党 きょうさんとう communist party
563
供
訓
とも
、そな(える)
音
キョウ
、クⓐ offer; ⓑ to state; ⓒ accompany; ⓓ
suffix for pluralizing
／供;随从;们／供;隨從;們／이바지할[공];바치다;진술하다;수행;복수를 나타내는 접미사
訓読み
ⓐ offer
*
供える
そなえる to present [offer] (an offering to the gods, Buddha or the spirits of the dead)ⓒ accompany (with a person in a high position)
1 お供 おとも 《archaic》accompanying; attendant (in one's master's going out)
ⓓ suffix for pluralizing
子供
こども «"供", often written in hiragana» child （originally, used for "children"）音読み
ⓐ offer
‡ 供する きょうする 《very formal》to offer (to the gods and Buddha); to serve (meal and drinks to a guest); to make available
1 提供 ていきょう 《slightly formal》provision; offer; donation; program sponsoring
供給する
きょうきゅうする 《formal》to supply; to serve (water, electricity, or gas); to provide （給＝ supply）* 供養 くよう 《slightly formal》memorial service
564
身
訓
み
音
シン
ⓐ flesh; ⓑ
body
; ⓒ oneself; ⓓ one's place／身／身／몸[신];살;몸;스스로;처지
訓読み
ⓐ flesh; ⓑ body
身 み body; flesh; meat
ⓐ flesh
刺身
さしみ sashimi; sliced raw fish, shellfish or crustaceans （刺＝ stab）（← In former days, the fin of a fish was stabbed in its fillet to show what kind of fish it was.）ⓑ body
* 身に付ける みにつける to put on
* 身に付く みにつく to master (such as a skill); to acquire (a skill, a habit. etc.)
中身
なかみ «also written as "中味"» content; substance1 身振り みぶり gesture （振＝ shake; wave）
ⓓ one's place
1 受け身（受身） うけみ passiveness; passive [defensive] attitude;《grammar》passive voice
‡ 受身形 うけみけい 《grammar》passive form
身分 みぶん 《slightly formal》one's status; one's social position; one's rank; one's identity
音読み
ⓑ body
身長
しんちょう 《slightly formal》height (of a person) 身体 しんたい 《formal》body
心身 しんしん 《formal》mind and body
全身 ぜんしん whole body; entire body; full length (of a person)
* 上半身 じょうはんしん upper half [part] of the body; upper body
* 下半身 かはんしん lower half [part] of the body; lower body
‡ 銃身 じゅうしん 《formal》barrel (of a gun); gun barrel
ⓒ oneself
自身 じしん 《formal》(one's) self
*
自分自身
じぶんじしん 《slightly formal》oneself; one's own self* 単身で たんしんで 《formal》by oneself; alone; single
ⓓ one's place
独身
どくしん unmarried; single （独＝ alone; not having a spouse）出身
しゅっしん 《slightly formal》one's hometown; one's birthplace; school which one graduated from* 出身地 しゅっしんち 《slightly formal and objective》hometown
565
接
訓
つ(ぐ)
音
セツ
ⓐ connect; ⓑ
contact
; ⓒ close to; ⓓ receive／接／接／이을[접];잇다;접하다
訓読み
ⓐ connect
‡
接ぎ木
つぎき grafting; grafted tree音読み
ⓐ connect
‡ 接合する せつごうする 《formal》to join [connect] (things together)
* 接着する せっちゃくする 《formal》to adhere; to glue; to paste
接続する せつぞくする 《slightly formal》to connect; (of transportation facilities,) to connect (directly or in a short connection time)
1
接続詞
せつぞくし 《grammar》conjunction （詞＝ words; part of speech）‡ 接頭語 せっとうご 《grammar》prefix（《academic term》接頭辞 せっとうじ）
‡ 接尾語 せつびご 《grammar》suffix（《academic term》接尾辞 せつびじ）
ⓑ contact
接する
せっする 《slightly formal》to touch; to come into contact [touch] (with); to attend (to a customer)直接
ちょくせつ directly; immediately; personally* 間接的な かんせつてきな indirect
ⓒ close to
接近する せっきんする 《slightly formal》to approach; to access
ⓓ receive
* 接客 せっきゃく serving customers; looking after visitors
面接
めんせつ interview (for a job); interview examination (for admission to a school)‡ 接種する せっしゅする 《medical》to inoculate; to vaccinate
* 予防接種 よぼうせっしゅ 《slightly formal》preventive vaccination [inoculation]
566
訪
訓
たず(ねる)
、おとず(れる)
音
ホウ
ⓐ
visit
; ⓑ come／访;到来／訪;到來／찾을[방];찾다;오다
訓読み
ⓐ visit; ⓑ come
訪れる
おとずれる 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》to visit; to call (at); (of a season, situation, etc.,) toarrive
ⓐ visit
訪ねる
たずねる 《slightly formal》to visit; to call (on, at)音読み
ⓐ visit
訪問
ほうもん 《formal》visit 訪日 ほうにち 《formal》visit to Japan
‡ 歴訪 れきほう 《very formal》round of visits
567
束
訓
たば
音
ソク
ⓐ
bundle
; ⓑrestrict
／束／束／묶을[속];묶다;다발;얽매다
訓読み
ⓐ bundle
束
たば bunch; bundle; wad (of bills)*
花束
はなたば bouquet; bunch of flowers1 束ねる たばねる to bundle up; to tie up in a bundle; to bind; to lead (a team, a group, an organization, etc.)
音読み
ⓐ bundle
1 結束する けっそくする 《formal》to unite in doing; to band together
ⓑ restrict
約束
やくそく promise; engagement; appointment568
守
訓
まも(る)
、もり音
シュ
、ス
ⓐ
defend
; ⓑ keep; ⓒ fielding; ⓓ watch; ⓔ provincial governor／守;护／守;護／지킬[수];지키다;수비하다;벼슬이름
訓読み
ⓐ defend; ⓑ keep; ⓒ fielding
守る
まもる to protect; to defend; to guard; to keepⓐ defend
* お守り おまもり talisman; good-luck charm; amulet
音読み
ⓐ defend; ⓒ fielding
1
守備
しゅび 《formal》defense; defence; fieldingⓐ defend
留守
るす absence (from home)留守番
るすばん stay at home (while the main family members are absent); looking after the houseⓑ keep
1 保守 ほしゅ 《formal》conservatism; maintenance
* 保守的な ほしゅてきな conservative
569
禁
訓
－音
キン
ⓐ
prohibit
; ⓑ abstain from; ⓒ confine; ⓓ keep away; ⓔ restrain; ⓕ imperial court／禁;忌／禁;忌／금할[금];금하다;(술이나 담배를) 끊다;가두다;멀리하다;제궐
音読み
ⓐ prohibit
1 禁じる きんじる 《formal and slightly archaic》to forbid; to ban; to prohibit
1 禁ずる きんずる 《formal and archaic》to prohibit; to ban; to forbid
禁止する
きんしする 《slightly formal》to forbid; to ban; to prohibit ‖
立入禁止
たちいりきんし 《slightly formal》(on signage) NO TRESPASSING; (on a posted sign) KEEP OUT; off limits ‖ 出入禁止 でいりきんし 《slightly formal》off limit
‖
駐車禁止
ちゅうしゃきんし 《slightly formal》(on signage) NO PARKING; parking prohibition ‖ 駐輪禁止 ちゅうりんきんし 《slightly formal》(on signage) NO BIKE [BICYCLE] PARKING
‖ 使用禁止 しようきんし 《formal》(on a posted sign) DO NOT USE; prohibition of the use
ⓐ prohibit; ⓑ abstain from
禁煙
きんえん (on a posted sign) NO SMOKING; prohibition of smoking; quitting smoking （煙＝ smoke）ⓑ abstain from
* 禁酒 きんしゅ 《slightly formal》abstinence from drink
ⓕ imperial court
‡ 禁中 きんちゅう 《historical》imperial court [household]
570
失
訓
うしな(う)
音
シツ
ⓐ
lose
; ⓑ blunder／失／失／잃을[실];잃다;실수하다
訓読み
ⓐ lose
失う
うしなう 《formal》to lose音読み
ⓐ lose
失礼
しつれい impoliteness; rudeness; discourtesy; impertinence失礼な
しつれいな impolite; rude; discourteous; disrespectful失礼する
しつれいする to be excused ‖ 失礼します。 しつれいします。 《formal greeting》(at the time of entering the teacher's lab, the boss's room, etc.) Excuse me(, sorry to bother you).; Pardon me.; (when leaving one's superior) Thank you very much for your time.
‖ お先に失礼します。 おさきにしつれいします。 《formal greeting in an office》I'm leaving for today. See you (tomorrow). （←"Excuse me for leaving before you."）
ⓑ blunder
失敗
しっぱい failure （敗＝ be defeated; be unsuccessful） 過失 かしつ 《formal》(unintentional) error; fault; negligence; accident
571
礼
訓
－音
レイ
、ライⓐ rite; ⓑ manners; ⓒ bow in honor; ⓓ
pay one's respects
; ⓔ gratitude／礼;谢词;酬谢／禮;謝詞;酬謝／예도[례]([예]);의례;예절;절;경의를 표하다;감사;사례
音読み
ⓐ rite; ⓑ manners; ⓒ bow in honor; ⓓ pay one's respects; ⓔ gratitude (with words, money or goods)
↓礼 れい gratitude; thanks; reward; bow (bending of the body in greeting); courtesy; etiquette; ceremony
ⓑ manners
礼儀 れいぎ (good) manners; good form; etiquette; courtesy
ⓓ pay one's respects
失礼
しつれい impoliteness; rudeness; discourtesy; impertinence失礼な
しつれいな impolite; rude; discourteous; disrespectful失礼する
しつれいする to be excusedⓔ gratitude (with words, money or goods)
↑
お礼
おれい gratitude (with words, money or goods); thanks572
常
訓
つね
、とこ音
ジョウ
ⓐ
always
; ⓑ usual; ⓒ common／常／常／항상[상];항상;보통
訓読み
ⓐ always
常に
つねに 《formal》always; at all time; invariably; habitually; ever-‡ 常夏 とこなつ 《slightly archaic》eternal [everlasting] summer
ⓒ common
‡ 世の常 よのつね 《archaic》common affair; the way of the world
音読み
ⓐ always
* 常時 じょうじ 《formal》always; all the time
* 常連 じょうれん regular visitor [customer]
* 常用 じょうよう 《formal》regular use; habitual use
* 常用漢字 じょうようかんじ Jōyō Kanji; kanji for daily use; the list of 2,136 characters of kanji designated for everyday use (by the Japanese government)
ⓑ usual
非常に
ひじょうに 《slightly formal》very; much; greatly; highly*
非常口
ひじょうぐち emergency exit* 非常時 ひじょうじ 《slightly formal》(time of) emergency
‡ 非常袋 ひじょうぶくろ emergency bag
1 通常 つうじょう 《formal》⦅adv.⦆ usually; ordinarily; normally; generally
1 通常の つうじょうの 《formal》normal; regular; usual
日常の にちじょうの 《slightly formal》daily; routine
日常生活
にちじょうせいかつ 《slightly formal》daily [everyday] life1 平常の へいじょうの 《formal》normal; usual
ⓒ common
常識 じょうしき common sense; common [general] knowledge
1 正常な せいじょうな 《formal》normal; regular
異常な いじょうな 《formal》unusual; abnormal; extraordinary; uncommon
573
助
訓
たす(かる)
、たす(ける)
、すけ音
ジョ
◎
help
／助／助／도울[조];돕다
訓読み
◎ help
助かる
たすかる ⦅vi.⦆ to be saved; to be rescued; to survive (a disaster); to escape (death); to be helpful助ける
たすける ⦅vt.⦆ to save; to rescue; to support; to help; to assist; to aid （cf. "手伝う"（てつだう） to help (someone with something); to assist (someone in doing)
1 助け たすけ help; aid ; rescue
* 手助け てだすけ help [assistance] (helping with other's work)
音読み
◎ help
救助 きゅうじょ 《slightly formal》rescue
援助
えんじょ 《slightly formal》(giving money or something valuable to help someone) help; assistance; aid; support （援＝ aid）1 補助 ほじょ (helping by making up for what is lacking) help; assistance; aid; support
助手 じょしゅ assistant
1
助詞
じょし 《grammar》(postpositional) particle1 助言 じょげん 《formal》advice; suggestion; counsel
574
願
訓
ねが(う)
音
ガン
ⓐ
wish
; ⓑ ask a favor／愿／願／원할[원];원하다;부탁하다
訓読み
ⓐ wish; ⓑ ask a favor
願う
ねがう to desire; to wish; to hope; to request; to pray ↓願い ねがい 《formal》desire; wish; hope; request
↑
お願い
おねがい 《polite or colloquial》desire; wish; hope; requestお願いする
おねがいする to ask a favor (of) ‖ よろしくお願いします。 よろしくおねがいします。 Thank you in advance.
ⓐ wish
願い事 ねがいごと (one's) wish
音読み
ⓐ wish
1 念願 ねんがん 《slightly formal》one's heart's desire; one's dearest wish
ⓑ ask a favor
1
願書
がんしょ application (for admission to a school)* 出願する しゅつがんする 《formal》to make an application (for admission to a school); to file an application (with the Patent Office for a patent)