日本語学習者のための漢字634 語彙リスト詳細版
語彙リスト詳細版凡例
第37課
575
種
ⓐ seed; ⓑ material as a source; ⓒ sort
/种;材料/種;材料/씨[종];씨;거리;가지
訓読み
ⓐ seed; ⓑ material as a source
↓種
たね seed; stone [pit] (of a fruit); cause; material; topic (of conversation); secret (of magic tricks)
ⓐ seed
‡ 種馬 たねうま breeding horse
ⓑ material as a source
* 火種 ひだね live coal (to build [make] a fire with); cause (of disturbance, conflict, etc.); trigger
音読み
ⓐ seed
* 種子 しゅし 《formal》seed
‡ 接種する せっしゅする 《medical》to inoculate; to vaccinate
* 予防接種 よぼうせっしゅ 《slightly formal》preventive vaccination [inoculation]
ⓒ sort
1 ↑種 しゅ 《formal》sort;《biology》species
一種の いっしゅの 《slightly formal》a sort of
1 各種 かくしゅ 《formal》varios kinds [sorts]
人種 じんしゅ race (divided into according to the color of the skin and other physical features);《popularly used》ethnic group ("民族" used in the academic field)
* 種目 しゅもく (athletic) event;《formal》item (of business)
576
類
ⓐ kind
; ⓑ similar; ⓒ spread (of the fire)
/类;延(烧)/類;延(燒)/무리[류]([유]);종류;비슷하다;(불이) 번지다
訓読み
ⓐ kind
* 類い たぐい 《slightly archaic》the same kind; the like; equivalent
音読み
ⓐ kind
1 類 るい 《formal》kind; sort; type; the like
分類 ぶんるい 《formal》classification; grouping
1 衣類 いるい 《formal》(generic term for) clothing
親類 しんるい 《slightly formal and slightly archaic》(generic term for) one's relatives
人類 じんるい 《biology》human rase [species]; mankind
‡ 人類学 じんるいがく 《academic》anthropology
* 鳥類 ちょうるい 《biology》Aves; (a class of) birds
ⓑ similar
‡ 類する るいする 《formal》to be like
1 類似 るいじ 《formal》similarity
‡ 類語 るいご 《formal》synonym (=類義語(るいぎご))
ⓒ spread (of the fire)
‡ 類焼 るいしょう 《formal》spreading fire
577
数
ⓐ number
; ⓑ count; ⓒ several; ⓓ fate; ⓔ plot
/数/數/셈[수];수;세다;운명;계략
訓読み
ⓐ number
ⓑ count
音読み
ⓐ number
‡ 数 すう 《mathematics》number; figure
数学 すうがく mathematics
算数 さんすう (elementary) mathematics (as an educational subject of an elementary school) (算= calculate)
数字
すうじ figure (numeric character); numeral; number
点数
てんすう score; scoring points; marks; number of items
回数 かいすう number of times
* 人数
にんずう number of people
* 多数 たすう 《slightly formal》large [great] number; many; majority
* 少数 しょうすう 《slightly formal》small number; a few; minority
小数 しょうすう 《mathematics》decimal fraction
分数 ぶんすう 《mathematics》fraction
ⓒ several
↑数~ すう~ 《formal》(with a counter suffix after e.g., 数回,数人,数日(すうじつ)) several ~
ⓓ fate
‡ 数奇な すうきな 《formal》of adverse fortune; of hapless fate; of vicissitudes of fortune; checkered
ⓔ plot
‡ 権謀術数 けんぼうじゅっすう 《formal》machiavellianism; trickery
特別な読み
ⓑ count
‡ 数珠 じゅず Buddhist rosary; Buddhist prayer beads (← originally, used to count the number of nenbutsu, prayer to Amida Buddha, recited)
578
量
ⓐ(determine the volume or weight of) measure; ⓑ quantity
; ⓒ human ability; ⓓ guess
/量;称(重量)/量;称(重量)/헤아릴[량]([양]);(무게나 양을) 재다;양;인간의 능력;헤아리다
訓読み
ⓐ(determine the volume or weight of) measure; ⓓ guess
量る
はかる to measure (volume or capacity); to weight;《formal》to guess
音読み
ⓐ(determine the volume or weight of) measure
* 計量する けいりょうする 《formal》to measure (the weight [volume] of something)
測量 そくりょう 《formal》measurement; (land) survey
‡ 度量衡 どりょうこう 《formal》weights and measures
ⓑ quantity
量
りょう quantity (cf. '数(かず) ' is for something described by number); great amount
大量 たいりょう 《slightly formal》large quantity [amount]; massive scale; mass
* 多量 たりょう 《formal》large quantity (of things)
* 少量 しょうりょう 《formal》small quantity [amount]
1 微量 びりょう 《formal》very small quantity [amount]; minute quantity [amount]
* 数量 すうりょう 《formal》(concrete) quantity (used for the number)
分量 ぶんりょう 《slightly formal》(concrete) quantity (used for weight, amount, ratio, etc.); dose (of medicine)
重量 じゅうりょう 《formal》weight
* 減量 げんりょう 《slightly formal》losing weight; reduction (of waste)
* 音量 おんりょう 《slightly formal》volume (of speaker, earphone or microphone)
* 降水量 こうすいりょう 《weather》precipitation; amount of rain or snow
* 量産 りょうさん 《slightly formal》mass production
‡ 量販 りょうはん 《formal》volume sales
‡ 量子 りょうし 《physics》quantum
ⓒ human ability
‡ 度量 どりょう 《slightly formal》broad-mindedness; capacity; generosity
* 力量 りきりょう 《slightly formal》ability; competence
‡ 器量 きりょう 《slightly archaic》looks; ability
ⓓ guess
* 裁量 さいりょう 《slightly formal》(at one's discretion); free hand
‡ 情状酌量 じょうじょうしゃくりょう 《legal》extenuation
579
録
/录/錄/기록할[록]([녹]);기록하다
音読み
◎ record
記録
きろく record; document; archives
録音する
ろくおんする to record (sound)
* 録画する
ろくがする to record (video)
1 登録
とうろく registration; entry
1 付録 ふろく appendix; extra (of magazine)
580
比
ⓐ compare
; ⓑ comparable; ⓒ ratio
/比/比/견줄[비];견주다;비교되다;비율
訓読み
ⓐ compare
音読み
ⓐ compare
比較する
ひかくする 《slightly formal》to compare (較= compare)
比較的 ひかくてき relatively; comparatively
1 対比 たいひ 《formal》contrast
‡ 比喩 ひゆ 《slightly formal》metaphor; simile
ⓑ comparable
‡ 比類 ひるい 《very formal》equal; match; equivalent
‡ 比肩 ひけん 《very formal》equalling (肩= shoulder)
ⓑ comparable; ⓒ ratio
* 比 ひ 《slightly formal》match;《mathematics》ratio
ⓒ ratio
比例する ひれいする 《slightly formal》to be in proportion to
1 比例 ひれい 《mathematics》proportion
‡ 反比例 はんぴれい 《mathematics》inverse proportion
1 比率 ひりつ 《formal》ratio; percentage
○<abbreviation for an archaic kanji writing of the Philippines, "比律賓"(フィリピン)>
‡ 比大統領 ふぃりぴん だいとうりょう 《written word, often used in a newspaper headlines》President of the Philippines
581
他
/他;别的/他;別的/다를[타];다른
訓読み
◎ other
↓他
ほか other (thing, place, person)
↓その他 そのほか the others
音読み
◎ other
↑他 た 《formal》other (thing, place, person)
↑その他
そのた 《slightly formal》the others
他人
たにん 《slightly formal》others; unrelated person
1 他動詞 たどうし 《grammar》transitive verb (↔ "自動詞" (じどうし) 《grammar》intransitive verb)
582
原
ⓐ original
; ⓑ plain; ⓒ field; ○<atomic>
/原;(埋雷)区/原;(埋雷)區/근원[원];본디;들판;구역;<원자>
訓読み
ⓑ plain
1 原っぱ はらっぱ 《colloquial》large vacant lot [plot]; raw land
原宿 はらじゅく 《proper name》Harajuku (place name in Tokyo)
秋葉原 あきはばら 《proper name》Akihabara (place name in Tokyo)
音読み
ⓐ original
原料
げんりょう (raw) materials (not retaining the original form); ingredient
1 原子 げんし 《chemistry》atom
‡ 原子力 げんしりょく atomic [nuclear] energy [power]
1 原油 げんゆ crude oil [petroleum]
ⓑ plain
‡ 原野 げんや 《formal》plain field (left in a natural state); untouched [unspoiled] plains
ⓒ field
‡ 地雷原 じらいげん minefield
‡ 機雷原 きらいげん naval minefield
○<abbreviation of "原子" or "原子力">
1 原爆 げんばく atomic bomb (< "原子爆弾"(げんしばくだん))
‡ 原発 げんぱつ nuclear power plant (< "原子力発電所"(げんしりょくはつでんしょ))
特別な読み
ⓑ plain
* 河原 かわら «also written as "川原"» dry riverbed (河= river)
583
因
ⓐ based; ⓑ cause
; ⓒ factor
/因/因/인할[인];인하다;요소
訓読み
ⓑ cause
因る
よる «often written in hiragana» to be caused (by); to be due to
音読み
ⓐ based
‡ 因習 いんしゅう 《formal》social convention (especially with an evil)
ⓑ cause
ⓑ cause; ⓒ factor
1 要因 よういん 《slightly formal》main cause; (primary) factor(s)
ⓒ factor
‡ 因子 いんし 《medical or biology》factor
‡ 因数 いんすう 《mathematics》factor (of a number)
584
果
ⓐ fruit
; ⓑ result
; ⓒ resolute; ⓓ end; ⓔ utterly; ⓕ as expected
/果;边际;尽/果;邊際;尽/실과[과];실과;결과;단호한;끝;끝나다;다;과연
訓読み
ⓓ end
1 果たす
はたす 《slightly formal》to carry out [fulfill, accomplish] (one's duties, obligations, purpose, etc.)
1 果て はて 《slightly archaic》the end; limit
1 果てる はてる 《slightly archaic》to come to an end
ⓔ utterly
‡ ~(V(masu-stem)+)果たす ~はたす to do completely; to do entirely
‖ 使い果たす つかいはたす to use up; to spend all; to exhaust
‡ ~(V(masu-stem)+)果てる ~はてる to be (done) up; to be (done) utterly
‖ 疲れ果てる つかれはてる to be tired out; to be worn out; to be exhausted
‖ 変わり果てる かわりはてる to be completely changed
ⓕ as expected
果たして はたして 《formal》sure enough; just as one expected; (used in interrogative and hypothetical sentences) really
音読み
ⓐ fruit
果実
かじつ 《formal》(edible juicy and sweet) fruit
ⓑ result
結果
けっか result; effect; consequence
ⓒ resolute
‡ 果敢な かかんな 《formal》brave; bold
ⓕ as expected
‡ 果然 かぜん 《very formal》as was expected; sure enough
特別な読み
ⓐ fruit
585
査
/査/査/조사할[사];조사하다
音読み
◎ investigate
調査する
ちょうさする 《slightly formal》to examine; to investigate; to research
検査する
けんさする 《slightly formal》to examine; to inspect; to test; to check
1 捜査 そうさ 《formal》criminal investigation
1 審査 しんさ 《formal》judging (of a competition); screening; examination
巡査 じゅんさ 《formal》constable;《archaic》policeman
* 査定する さていする 《formal》to assess; to evaluate
586
将
ⓐ military leader; ⓑ general officer; ⓒ leader; ⓓ hold; ⓔ be about to do
/将;统率者;带/將;統率者;帶/장수[장];장수;장교;통솔자;들다;장차
音読み
ⓐ military leader
* 将軍 しょうぐん 《archaic》popular name for a general;《historical》shogun; shōgun(< an abbreviation of "征夷大将軍"(せいいたいしょうぐん), literally means 'Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians', the highest office of the warrior class in the age of warrior government in Japan
ⓑ general officer; ⓒ leader
* 大将 たいしょう general; admiral; athlete who competes in the last match of a team competition (kendo, judo, etc.);《archaic》boss
ⓑ general officer
‡ 中将 ちゅうじょう lieutenant general; vice-admiral
‡ 少将 しょうしょう major general; rear admiral
* 将校 しょうこう 《formal》commissioned officer
将棋 しょうぎ shōgi (also known as Japanese chess, a strategy board game for two players)
ⓒ leader
* 主将 しゅしょう 《slightly formal》captain of a sports team
ⓔ be about to do
将来
しょうらい 《subjective》future (which has some prospects about a concrete object such as person, organization, etc.)
587
技
ⓐ skill
; ⓑ technique; ⓒ sport
/技;赛/技;賽/재주[기];재주;기법;경기
訓読み
ⓐ skill; ⓑ technique
1 技
わざ skill; technique (as a personal capability)
音読み
ⓐ skill
技術 ぎじゅつ skill; technique
1 特技
とくぎ one's special talent
588
術
/术/術/재주[술];방책;기예;책략
音読み
ⓐ method
1 戦術 せんじゅつ tactics
ⓑ art
美術 びじゅつ 《slightly formal》(fine) art
芸術 げいじゅつ 《slightly formal》art (芸= art)
芸術家 げいじゅつか 《slightly formal》artist
技術者 ぎじゅつしゃ engineer; technical expert; technician
手術
しゅじゅつ (surgical) operation
ⓒ trick
‡ 術中 じゅっちゅう (the opponent's) trick
589
解
ⓐ take apart; ⓑ dissolve; ⓒ thaw; ⓓ release; ⓔ untangle; ⓕ clarify
; ⓖ equation solution
/解;梳/解;梳/풀[해];분해하다;풀다;(얼음이나 눈이) 녹다;빗다;명백히 하다
訓読み
ⓑ dissolve; ⓓ release; ⓕ clarify
解く
とく to untie; to remove (one's misunderstanding, a prohibition, etc.); to relieve (someone of the post); to solve (a problem)
ⓑ dissolve; ⓒ thaw; ⓓ release; ⓕ clarify
解ける
とける ⦅vi.⦆ to come untied; (of ice, snow,) to melt away [thaw]; (of tension,) to be eased; (of misunderstanding, a prohibition, etc.,) to be removed; to be solved (potential form of "解く")
ⓒ thaw; ⓔ untangle
‡ 解かす とかす ⦅vt. ⦆ to melt away [thaw] (ice, snow); to comb (one's hair)
音読み
ⓐ take apart; ⓑ dissolve
分解する ぶんかいする to resolve (into); to decompose; to break up (into); to take apart (to pieces); to dissolve
解散する かいさんする to dissolve (an organization, an assembly)
ⓑ dissolve
* 解消する かいしょうする 《slightly formal》to dissolve (a relationship, an engagement); to get rid of (stress, frustration, traffic jam); to eliminate [resolve] (a conflict, a problem)
* 解約する かいやくする to cancel (a contract (契約 けいやく) , a reservation (予約 よやく) ), to close (a bank account)
ⓒ thaw
* 解凍する かいとうする to defrost (a frozen food); to decompress [extract, unzip] (a compressed file)
ⓓ release
1 解放する かいほうする 《slightly formal》 to liberate; to emancipate; to release (from restraint, duty, load, etc.)
‡ 解熱
げねつ 《medical》reduction of fever (of the body); pyretolysis
ⓕ clarify
解答
かいとう 《formal》answer (to a question); solution (of [to] a problem)
1 正解 せいかい 《slightly formal》correct [right] answer
* 不正解 ふせいかい 《slightly formal》incorrect answer
解決する
かいけつする 《slightly formal》to solve; to resolve (a problem, difficulty, etc.)
解説する
かいせつする 《slightly formal》to explain in detail; to comment (on the news)
理解する
りかいする 《slightly formal》to understand; to comprehend
誤解 ごかい misunderstanding (誤= mistake)
1 了解する りょうかいする 《slightly formal》to agree; to understand (the circumstances of things)
* 読解 どっかい 《formal》reading comprehension
‡ 聴解 ちょうかい 《formal》listening comprehension
ⓖ equation solution
‡ 解 かい 《mathematics》solution (of equation)
○ document from a lower to a higher
‡ 解文 げぶみ 《historical》document submitted to one's superior
‡ 解由状 げゆじょう 《historical》document certifying that the transfer of administrative affairs have been completed (under the Ritsuryō system)